RU24489U1 - WIDE PENTACLES RESIDENTIAL HOUSE - Google Patents

Description

Large-format residential building PENTAKL The utility model relates to the field of construction and can be used in the construction of residential buildings of any number of floors, as well as civil facilities. Large-format residential buildings, which became widespread in the last decade of the 20th century, mainly developed according to the radial pattern (in terms of - hexagons, octahedrons, circle, “gear”), and, as a rule, with a central stiffness core. These houses belong to the compact type of houses and have significant energy savings due to the reduction of the perimeter of the walls in comparison with the houses of mortar sections with a width of 12 m, which is especially significant in high-rise construction. In addition, the internal engineering communications system, placed around the central core of rigidity, is solved more economically than in ordinary linear houses. The wide-format compact 16-storey residential building of the Shamrock type developed by VPEKTI (J. Architecture of the USSR, Ko5, 1983, page I), a centric composition, is known. Famous houses of the type “Cross, built in Armenia (f. Architecture of the USSR, No. 5.1983g., P. 12.15), as well as in“ Krylatsky city of Moscow. Houses of the type “Cross” can only be oriented “X” to the north and have a less economical perimeter of the outer walls. The constructive solution is optional. An interesting large-format hexagonal house of a centric radial composition (US Pat. RF 2107137.1998g). It is applicable, however, only for low-rise construction, in addition, the use of this type of architectural design solution for apartment buildings is not acceptable, since for regular hexagons the inclination of two external planes is characteristic

walls to the meridian at an angle of 30 ° to the north-east and north-west, while normative insolation is impossible to provide.

The standard continuous duration of insolation of apartments in residential buildings is set for zones. at least 2 hours. 30 minutes for the period from 22.03 to 22.09, and for the zone 58 ° N. and to the north of .sh - at least 3 hours for the period from 04/22.no 22.08. (SNiP 2.07.01. - 89 and SNiP 2.08.01. - 89).

The main problem of the well-known schemes of large-format and compact types of houses with a cheshire composition is the impossibility of providing, when using them, regulatory insolation for the territory of 55 north latitude and north, for example, the Ural zone, namely for these zones compact residential buildings are most suitable for energy-saving heating.

There is a well-known preliminary design of a radial planning residential building (author N.A. Kudinova), an analogue of the protected type of Pentakl VI residential building, but with a honeycomb structure in the Dubrava constructions (object 0946-00 TAPM Yekaterinburgarchproekt. Residential microdistrict for the ORC medical staff in Atig settlement , N-Serginsky district. Sverdlovsk region, drawings 094600-AST, sheets 1,2,3 and 0946-00-GT, release 06.1994). Insolation is higher than normative. But this analogue is not used as a prototype, because there was no further development and the house was not built. Disadvantages A honeycomb structure with many steel columns and floor beams requires special protection (cladding, etc.) to ensure fire resistance. In addition, there is a need for false ceilings due to the many protruding beams, respectively, increases the height of the floor. With the further development of the design of these houses, it was proposed to improve the constructive solution (J. Building Bulletin, b4.1998, p. 12). h Moscow), radial in terms of a centric composition with six rectangular protrusions. The supporting structures are the outer walls, the walls of the central core and the radial walls - the ribs connecting them. Overlappings are monolithic. For apartments located in the northern half of the house is not provided with regulatory and isolation. In addition, it is necessary to improve the planning solution of both apartments and the transport hub and non-smoke staircases, taking into account the current regulatory requirements for evacuation. The task to be solved by. this utility model is J-development of planning and design solutions for a large-format and compact house with significant energy savings due to the reduction of the perimeter of the external walls with the provision of regulatory insolation (and higher) for each apartment; -modernization of construction. To solve this problem, large-format PENTAEL residential buildings of radial centric composition have been developed, with a general planning and structural basis and with higher spatial and thermal efficiency. The planning and structural basis of PENTAKL large-format residential buildings forms both planning and structural lattices and in terms of it is a radial shaping structure with a central stiffness core around which apartments with functional zoning of each floor area are assembled.

the perimeter of the outer walls is a zone of residential premises that require natural lighting.

According to the claimed technical solution, the planning and structural basis, including the central stiffness core, is made using typed volumetric load-bearing elements located around the central stiffness core at a distance of an arbitrary radius around the perimeter of the house and connected to each other and the central stiffness core by floor slabs, while the volumetric load-bearing elements are made to the height of each floor, and between them from the ceiling to the ceiling installed sections of the walls that are not bearing.

Planning and constructive base is designed for houses with six volumetric load-bearing elements - PENTACLE VI and with five volumetric load-bearing elements - FENT - V.

In PENTACLE VI houses, volumetric load-bearing elements are located around the central stiffness core along a hexagram with a radius of arbitrary size and in plan have the shape of a regular hexagon. Three faces of each hexagonal volumetric load-bearing element are external and extend beyond the radial contour, while one of the external faces of each hexagon is oriented meridially, east or west to ensure insolation and free orientation of the building, in which kitchens, dining rooms are oriented north. . House PENTACLE VI is made with the possibility of blocking houses through inserts - loggias in four directions except the western and eastern.

The planning and construction basis of the PENTACL V houses is characterized in that volumetric load-bearing elements are located around the central stiffness core along a pentagram with a radius of arbitrary size, while the perimeter of the building in the plan has the shape of a regular pentahedron with small sections of corners. Volumetric load-bearing elements v In the plan they have the shape of an irregular hexagon and are located within the perimeter contour The wide-format apartment building PENTACL V has only one orientation with respect to the cardinal points, while the side with the staircase is oriented to the north, and the insolation of apartments on the other sides of the building is ensured due to the orientation of the walls along the contour of the regular pentahedron. Bearing volumetric elements of the houses PENTACL VI and NENTACL V can be made either from reinforced concrete panels with monolithic joints, or in monolithic reinforced concrete, or in brick construction. The NENTACLE VI house can also be made in frame construction. The central stiffness core can be made of the same type with supporting volumetric elements, namely in the form of a hexagonal prism, or in a form different from the shape of the supporting volumetric elements, for example, in the form of a cylinder. The uniformity of volumetric unsupported elements can significantly modernize the construction, in any design and with different floors. In this case, it is not healed; they are only these three-dimensional elements; there are no other healed walls. By reducing the perimeter of the outer walls by 20-40%, a significant reduction in loss is achieved. Insulation in the proposed buildings is ensured by the external contour of the walls of the building, namely in PENTACL VI residential buildings due to the three external faces of the bulk bearing elements protruding beyond the building’s radial contour, in PENTACL V houses, the insolation of the apartments is ensured by the orientation of the walls along the contour of the regular pentagon. v located in the northern part of the house, is provided with a margin of -2 hours 55min. in houses PENTACLE VI and 3 hours 50 min. in houses PENTACLE V. In the summer, for example, in June, the insolation of these apartments is about 6 hours. For all other apartments at any time of the year, the duration of insolapdi is significantly higher than the required normative. In a particular building, a single intermittence of insolation (shading factor) is allowed, while the required duration of nisolation is increased by 0.5 hours. The duration of insolation of apartments of residential buildings is determined by the climogram for each latitudinal zone in the construction area. The essence of the utility model is illustrated by graphic images. Figure 1 presents the planning and structural basis of a large-format residential building PENTACLE VI, in a prefabricated monolithic design, view in plan; In FIG. 2 - the same, in monolithic execution; On figs - the same, in a wireframe; In FIG. 4 - the same scheme of insolation; Figure 5 is the same blocking diagram; In FIG. 6 - the same, possible directions of blocking; In Fig.7 - presents the planning and structural basis of a large-format residential building PENTACLE V in a monolithic design, plan view; In FIG. 8- the same insolation scheme; In FIG. 9 - the same option with internal walls; In FIG. 10 - facade of a group of residential buildings, blocked out of 3 houses PENTACLE VI; In FIG. 11 - facade of a low-rise building PENTACLE VI; 6 v A detailed description of large-format PENTACL type residential buildings is given for houses - PENTACL VI and PENTACL V. The planning and construction basis of the PENTACL VI residential building, including the central core of rigidity 1, is made using typed volumetric load-bearing elements 2 located around the central core of rigidity 1 hexagram (Fig. 1,2,3) with a radius of K1An arbitrary size around the perimeter of the building. The total number of volumetric load-bearing elements is equal to brilliance. Volumetric bearing elements 2 are made in the form of regular hexagonal prisms to the height of each floor. Hexagonal prisms are located around the perimeter of the building and are interconnected and with the central core of rigidity 1 floor slabs 3 floor, with monolithic sections 4 between them, providing exceptional rigidity and seismic resistance of the building in any design. Between the hexagonal walls, from overlapping to overlapping, external sections of walls 5, which are not load-bearing, with a thickness of 100, 120 mm are installed. PENTACLES VI residential building has a free orientation towards the cardinal points, while the kitchens, dining rooms, 10 are oriented to the north (TIR. 5,6). The central core of rigidity 1 can be made of the same type with supporting volumetric elements, namely in the form of a hexagonal prism (Fig. 1,2,3), or in a form different from the shape of the supporting volumetric elements, for example, in the form of a cylinder. Three faces of each hexagonal volumetric bearing element 2 located along the perimeter of the building protrude beyond the radial contour of the building. One of the faces 6 of each of the hexagons is oriented strictly east or west, i.e. meridionally, while solving the problem of ensuring regulatory insolation (and above) and the free orientation of the building. This is especially important for the northern half of the house, namely two northern hexagons must have one side either east or west. Large-format apartment buildings 1ShN1AKL VI are blocked through inserts - loggias 7. The ability to block houses allows you to create a variety of compositions. BJJukraivka of houses is solved in 4 directions9, except for the western and eastern (Fig.5.6) taking into account insolation. Continuous standard rhsolation of apartments located in the northern part of the house is provided with a margin of 2 hours 55 min (Fig. 4, T.A) .In the summer period, for example, in June, the insolation duration of these apartments is 5 hours 35 minutes (Fig. 4, T.A). For all other apartments at any time of the year, the duration of insolation is significantly higher than the required normative (Fig. 4, tb). Without changing the planning and constructive basis, PENTAKL VI residential buildings can be high-rise, high-rise (fig. 10), ma) high-rise (fsh-.I), and also pulled out from block cottages (Fig. 12). In residential buildings of a higher floor I am able to make a one hundredth solution of the upper floors and completion in height - part of the building, together with the elevator unit and staircase, can be raised to the floor, accented in architecture. Volumetric layers; their elements 2 can be made of reinforced concrete panels with monolithic joints (Fig. 1), as well as in monolithic reinforced concrete (Fig. 2,7), in brick construction, in frame construction (Fig. 3). Accordingly, the versions of residential buildings PENTACLE VI are presented: Variant 1 (Fig. 1). Six of the same type of hexagons, Prism 2 and the central core of rigidity 1 are mounted from the same size of reinforced concrete panels with monolithic joints, and are unblocked floor-to-floor with 3 floor slabs, forming a “wheel And providing spatial rigidity of the building and significant seismic resistance. Prefabricated monolithic overlappings, namely prefabricated reinforced concrete slabs 3 and monolithic triangular sections 4. The outer sections of the walls of the hexagons 2 around the perimeter of the building are insulated with subsequent cladding. The sections between the hexagons 2 - not bearing walls 5 with a thickness of 100.120 mm from overlap to overlap - are also insulated with their subsequent lining. Partitions of different types. Option 2 (figure 2). Six of the same type of hexagons, prism 2 and the central core of rigidity 1 - monolithic reinforced concrete. Overlappings are 8-monolithic. Exterior walls are the insulated outer faces of the hexagons, followed by cladding. The sections between the hexagons are non-bearing walls 5, with a thickness of 100, 120 mm from overlapping to overlapping, followed by warming and lining. Partitions of different types. Variant 3. Brick bearing walls of hexagons prism and central core, 380 mm thick, and with increased number of storeys 510 mm. Fence sections of brick walls with insulation and subsequent cladding. Overlappings are prefabricated-monolithic or monolithic. Partitions of different types. Option 4 (Fig.Z). Six of the same type of hexagons, prism 2 and the central core of rigidity 1 - in frame design. Ceilings - prefabricated monolargny or monolithic. External walls are non-load-bearing (self-supporting or hinged). There are no internal walls, partitions of different types. For all options - carpentry, decoration materials as agreed with the customer. The decoration is improved, modern with the use of new finishing materials. In addition, for low-rise construction, a variant of a communicating through tunnel with exits located along the perimeter of the central core is possible instead of a continuous technical underground and technical basement. For two-story houses located on the terrain, a proposal has been given for the placement of built-in individual box garages, houses from block cottages have been resolved with an underground parking garage for 9-10 cars. The following planning solutions for houses PENTACLE VI are possible. On each floor there are 6 apartments. One, two and three bedroom apartments. Layout options for apartments on the floor: 1. Two two-room. Two one-room. Two three-room apartments. 2. Six one-bedroom apartments. 3. Three one-room apartments. Three two bedroom apartments. 4. Four one-bedroom apartments. One studio apartment. One three-room apartment. Four-room and five-room apartments are located in 2 levels. The mezzanine attics are solved through the partial use of the attic space ("20%). You can get the desired set of apartments by floors, while interchangeable options are implemented without changing the position of the hallways and bathrooms, kitchens or kitchens. This is the essential advantage of the proposed planning solution. The non-traditionality of the planning decision determines the non-traditionality of the urban planning decision, in a new way forms the zoning of the residential area of blocks and complexes. At the same time, districts and individual building plots can be solved with the use of different-height three-dimensional compositions from such residential buildings, as well as social and cultural life, providing an increased building density. The houses have a sculptural volume. Glass bay windows and loggias are solved taking into account regulatory requirements in case of evacuation. The openings in the bay windows are given from different sides across the floor. In PENTAK.L V residential buildings (Fig. 7.9), a planning and constructional basis is made using typed volumetric non-heald elements 2 located around a central core of stiffness 1 along a pentagram with a radius of arbitrary size, forming a regular pentagon along the connecting contour with side lengths, optimally, 20m. with small cuts of corners. Glass bay windows are often located along sections of corners. Volumetric load-bearing elements 2 have the shape of an irregular hexagon and are located within the perimeter contour, i.e. do not protrude beyond the perimeter of the building (Fig.7.9). The central core of rigidity 1 in the plan is made round. Other forms of execution are possible. The pentahedron has only one specific orientation, while the side with the staircase is oriented to the north. The insolation of all apartments on the other four sides is decided by the orientation of the 1st floor of the congregation, which is much less than normative. At an angle of inclination of 18 ° of the two lateral planes of the walls from the meridian to the north-east and north-west, normative rssolation is provided with a margin of 3 hours 50 minutes. (Fig. 8). Possibility of using PKNTAKL V houses for a zone of 58 ° c. is determined in each case separately, while the number of insulated rooms in the apartments is accepted according to the norms (Residential buildings. SniP 2.08.01.- 89, SniP 2.07.01.89) Bearing volumetric elements 2 made of reinforced concrete panels with monolithic joints (Fig. 7, 9) either in a monolithic version (Fig. 7, 9), or in a brick version. The house is recommended for monolithic housing construction, but can also be carried out with brick supporting walls, with a change in the structural scheme, i.e. exterior walls appear. It is offered as a point residential building, mainly in high-rise construction, with an optimal 16-storey houses. Possible layout options for apartments on the floor for residential buildings PENTACLE V: Option 1–4 one-bedroom apartments, 5 two-bedroom apartments. Option 2- 3 one-room apartments, 3 two-room apartments, 2 three-room apartments. Option 3 -2 one-room apartments, 2 two-room apartments, 2 three-room apartments 1 four-room apartment On each floor there are 7-9 apartments. In non-petty (“elite) houses, the number of apartments is 6-7 on each floor. The architectural and planning decision takes into account all modern requirements and the creation of comfortable living conditions. Architectural elements, enriching the volume: glass bay windows remote loggias on the southwestern and southeastern sides, a loggia of a smoke-free stairwell and individual architectural details. i P If /// 7 // I .. 1. The zero cycle is carried out taking into account specific geological data 2. Assembly of the aerial parts. Volumetric typed load-bearing elements 2 (including the central core of the hard drive 1) of prefabricated reinforced concrete panels, one standard size, with monolithic joints are mounted on a floor-mounted basis. Floor slabs are installed between them. 3. Volumetric load-bearing elements can be mounted, each, at the test site in a block on one floor and install assembled volumetric blocks during installation of floors of the building. Z. Monolithnhe sections of 4 floors can be performed after the installation of the volume of the building. 4. The sections 5 of the outer walls between the volumetric load-bearing elements 2 are non-load-bearing, with a thickness of 100.120 mm, from floor to floor, after the installation of the building volume. Then, along the entire outer perimeter, warming of the outer faces of the volume bearing elements and the walls between them is carried out with subsequent cladding. All other construction work is carried out according to the usual scheme. High-rise buildings PENTACL VI, PENTACL V are solved taking into account the regulatory requirements for evacuation non-smoke stairwells. In this case, the elevator shafts are solved either with fire doors or with elevator locks. Evacuation flatter in low-rise residential buildings (2-storey) is located in the central core, in accordance with regulatory requirements with overhead light (lantern), and through light openings, with a total area of at least 2.5 m. In addition, planning and structural basis

used for buildings for other purposes (dormitories, hotels, social and social buildings, etc.).

The widespread over the past decade, a diverse placement in the first floors of residential buildings of public premises is freely negotiated and is determined by the specific requirements of the architectural and planning tasks.

Facades of houses PENTAK.L VI, PENTACL V in specific working projects are developed taking into account the immediate development, the choice of options for the composition of apartments by floors, the availability of public and commercial premises on the ground floors, and with agreed finishing

materials.

What is especially important when changing the building radius R1 and R2 without changing the planning and structural basis, you can change the area of apartments, which makes it possible to build houses in the municipal performance and elite

The advantages of the proposed residential buildings are as follows.

1. The uniformity of volumetric unsupported elements allows to significantly modernize strongling, in any design and with different number of storeys.

2. The orientation of the houses is free.

3. Insolation is higher than the permissible normative.

4. Compared with residential buildings of typical sections with a width of 12 m, with a traditional, rectangular solution (with the same floor area), the perimeter of the outer walls in PENTACL VI houses is reduced to 24%, heat losses are reduced accordingly, in PENTACL V houses the perimeter of the outer walls reduced by 38-40%.

5. The exceptional compactness of PENTAKL wide-format houses predetermines a reduction in construction costs and operational costs (energy saving, reduction in communication wiring for HV and VC, etc.) 6. New formation of residential buildings. 7. A multivariate layout of the composition of apartments on the floor, possibly also a quagir solution in 2 levels. Improved interior layout. The area of apartments can be changed (increase or decrease) with a change in the radii R1, R2, without changing the planning and construction basis. 8. The justified economic feasibility is confirmed by the estimate for a 16-storey residential building FENT (in a monolith). The cost of 1 m2 of apartments according to the estimate as of July 1, 2000. amounted to 3890 rubles, which is significantly lower than the current construction cost for the specified period. 9. The decision of mezzanine attics, occupying 2030% of the coverage area, is possible. At the same time, plumbing wiring is performed traditionally for the attic, without passing through the attic. The building with a streamlined aerodynamic shape, which is especially important for high-rise buildings. All of the above significantly affects the improvement of technical and economic indicators for PENTACL houses and the reduction in the cost of construction and operation. At the same time, a new quality of housing and the architectural expressiveness of residential complexes are provided.

Claims (12)

1. A large-format apartment building of a centric composition, the planning and structural basis of which in plan is a radial shaping structure with a central stiffness core, around which there is a floor area of auxiliary premises and communication wiring, then along the perimeter of the house there is a zone of residential premises requiring natural lighting, characterized the fact that the planning and structural basis, including the central core of rigidity, is made using typed volumetric supporting ele of copings located around the central stiffness core at a distance of an arbitrary radius around the perimeter of the house and connected to each other and the central stiffness core by floor slabs, while volumetric load-bearing elements are made to the height of each floor, and external sections of walls are installed between them from floor to ceiling being carriers.  2. Large-format residential building according to claim 1, characterized in that the volumetric load-bearing elements are located around the central core of stiffness along the hexagram and in plan have the shape of a regular hexagon.  3. Large-format residential building according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the three faces of each hexagonal volumetric load-bearing element are external and protrude beyond the radial contour, while one of the external faces of each hexagon is oriented meridially, east or west, to ensure insolation and free orientation of the building, in which the kitchens, dining rooms are oriented to the north.  4. Large-format residential building according to claims 1 to 3, characterized in that it is configured to block houses through the loggia in four directions, except for the western and eastern ones.  5. Large-format residential building according to claim 1, characterized in that the volumetric load-bearing elements are located around the central stiffness core along a pentagram with a radius of arbitrary size, while the perimeter of the building in plan has the shape of a regular pentagon with small sections of the corners.  6. Large-format residential building according to claims 1, 5, characterized in that the volume bearing elements in plan have the shape of an irregular hexagon.  7. Large-format residential building according to claims 1, 5, 6, characterized in that it has only one orientation with respect to the cardinal points, while the side with the staircase is oriented to the north.  8. Large-format residential building according to claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the supporting volumetric elements are made of reinforced concrete panels with monolithic joints.  9. Large-format residential building according to claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the supporting volumetric elements are made in monolithic reinforced concrete.  10. Large-format residential building according to claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the supporting volumetric elements are made in brick design.  11. Large-format residential building according to claims 1-5, characterized in that the supporting volumetric elements are made in a frame version. 12. Large-format residential building according to claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the central core of rigidity is made in the form of a cylinder.