RU2460958C1 - Multi-charge small arm gas-escape reload mechanism - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: weapons and ammunition.

SUBSTANCE: gas-escape mechanism comprises barrel, breech frame, trigger mechanism and forestock accommodating magazine tube. Annular gas chamber is arranged around magazine tube in forestock and parallel with barrel to be communicated therewith via gas-escape holes. Piston is arranged inside forestock, its front end being arranged to enter gas chamber and to have inner cavity to house, at least, two radial release holes communicated with gas chamber. C-shape plate spring surrounding piston outer part is arranged on piston in the zone of release holes. Ends of said spring overlap release holes to control release of excess exhaust gases in shooting.

EFFECT: fast reloading, decreased inertial properties and weight.

12 cl, 5 dwg

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to a gas discharge mechanism for reloading a multiple-charge firearm, in particular a semi-automatic or automatic rifle.

State of the art

Multiply charged firearms, in particular semi-automatic or automatic shotguns with a gas reloading mechanism, are equipped with a gas pressure control device in the gas chamber, which removes excess gases from the gas chamber at high pressure. Such excess gases and overpressure in the gas chamber arise when using ammunition of increased power in multiple-charge firearms.

Since the design of the guns and their main components are known to the specialist, the present description is mainly focused on the device of the gas evacuation mechanism for reloading multiply charged firearms.

Such venting reloading mechanisms, providing the use of various types of ammunition, including high-power ammunition, are known from the prior art, for example, from documents US 4872392 and US 5429034.

No. 4,872,392, which can be regarded as a prototype, discloses a gas venting mechanism for reloading a multiple-charge firearm, in particular a semi-automatic or automatic type of gun, including a barrel, receiver, butt, trigger with a trigger and a forearm with a trigger located inside it tube store, while around the tube store installed in the forearm ring-shaped gas chamber, parallel to the barrel and connected to the barrel gas vents As well as the piston, the front end part of the gas chamber and under the action of propellant gas pressure during firing interacting through the motion transmission device with movable parts for the extraction gun cartridge cases, replacement training ammunition and the gun for the next shot. According to US Pat. No. 4,872,392, the gas chamber is equipped with a valve assembly for removing excess gases from the gas chamber at high pressure. To vent gas, the valve assembly contains holes that are located in the side wall of the gas chamber and limit the pressure on the piston, and also do not allow the moving parts of the gun to develop excessively high speeds, which can cause unreliable operation of the gun automatics or lead to excessive wear of the moving parts.

The disadvantages of the known solutions include the fact that the valve assembly is a separate structural unit that requires special installation and is fixedly mounted to provide fluid communication with the gas chamber. Due to this, the mass of the weapon as a whole and the complexity of its assembly increase.

The purposes and objectives of the invention

To reduce the total weight and reduce the number of individual weapon blocks, it is proposed to use weapon components to perform more than one function. Based on this, the aim of the present invention is to provide a gas vent mechanism for reloading multiple-charged firearms, in particular a semi-automatic or automatic rifle, which, when optimally performing its function when fired with ammunition of different power, has a lower mass and simpler design.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

To solve the problem, the present invention proposes an improved gas evacuation mechanism for reloading a multi-shot firearm, in which the parts are placed coaxially and outside the under-barrel tubular magazine, while the gas evacuation mechanism contains a valve mechanism to divert part of the gases from the gas chamber if it forms in the gas chamber overpressure when fired by powerful ammunition, for example when fired by "Magnum" cartridges.

The proposed valve assembly is made on the piston, while the front end of the piston, which enters the gas chamber of the venting reloading mechanism, has an internal cavity in which at least two radial vents are located, which are connected downstream to the gas chamber, while in the region of the vents on the piston has a C-shaped leaf spring surrounding the outer part of the piston, the ends of the C-shaped leaf spring overlapping the outside of the hole to control the discharge of excess powder gases when fired.

The number of radial vents is not limited to two and can be set arbitrarily so that the ends of the C-shaped springs overlap these holes.

The proposed implementation of the valve mechanism allows to reduce the total weight of the gun, by eliminating the dead weight of the valve mechanism. In the present invention, the entire valve mechanism is an integral part of the total mass of the piston, which, under the influence of the pressure of the powder gases during the shot, interacts with the moving transmission device with the moving parts of the gun to extract the spent cartridges, replace the ammunition and prepare the gun for the next shot.

Also, the solution according to the present invention provides a very simple, efficient and compact design.

Since the valve mechanism of the present invention is directly connected to the piston, the valve mechanism has a minimum inertia and provides more stable adjustment of gas pressure during the movement of the piston.

In a preferred embodiment, said C-shaped spring is fixed to the piston against rotation, for example, by means of a protrusion provided on the C-shaped spring.

In another preferred embodiment, a latch is placed above the ends of the C-shaped spring, restricting the radial movement of the ends of the spring from the vents.

Further, it may preferably be provided that the ends of the spring are provided on the inside with protrusions, in particular conical, for closing the vents.

Other details and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the following description of an example implementation of the present invention, presented below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The structural elements indicated in the example and their relationships can be modified by a specialist within the framework of the idea of the present invention, while maintaining their function, therefore, the presented example should be considered only as an illustration, providing an understanding of the principle of the present invention.

Description of drawings

Figure 1 - front view of the nodes of the semi-automatic shotgun;

FIG. 2 is a partial sectional view of part F2 of FIG. 1 on an enlarged scale;

FIG. 3 is a partial sectional view of part F3 of FIG. 2 on an enlarged scale;

figure 4 is a section along the line F4 of figure 3;

5 is an external view of the components of the piston according to the present invention.

An example implementation of the present invention

The following describes an example implementation of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawing figures. On the accompanying figures, the positions relating to the same elements have a common designation.

So in FIG. 1-4 position 1 refers generally to a gun, in a particular case to a semi-automatic gun with an under-barrel magazine.

Semi-automatic shotgun 1 includes a barrel 2, a receiver 3, a butt 4, a trigger mechanism 5 with a trigger 6 and a forearm 7 with a tube 8 placed inside the magazine.

Around the tube of the magazine 8 are installed in the forend 7, in series, a gas chamber 9 connected to the barrel 2, a piston 10 and a transmission device 11, which comes into contact with the piston 10 and with the moving parts of the gun 12.

The inner part of the gas chamber 9 is connected downstream with the inner part of the barrel 2 through gas vents 13.

The piston 10 has an internal cavity 14 in the front part, extending beyond the gas chamber 9, in the rear part of the cavity are two radial discharge holes 15, which are externally blocked by the upper ends 16 of the C-shaped leaf spring 17 surrounding the outer part of the piston. The spring is located in the groove 18, made on the outer surface of the piston 10, preventing axial displacement of the spring relative to the piston. In the lower part of the spring is a protrusion 19, which interacts with the lower groove 20 on the piston, which prevents the rotation of the spring relative to the piston.

The piston 10 is provided with upper grooves 23 for accommodating a latch 21 restricting the radial movement of the ends 16 of the C-shaped spring 17 from the discharge holes 15. The latch 21, preferably made in the form of a curved plate, the ends of which enter the upper grooves 23 of the piston, has rectangular openings 22 into which the ends 16 of the C-shaped spring 17 enter, thereby preventing the latch from axial displacement relative to the piston. If necessary, the lock can be provided with through holes to facilitate the discharge of excess gas from the gas chamber.

The operation of the venting reloading mechanism according to the invention is very simple and proceeds as follows.

In the usual way, when fired, when the projectile passes the gas vents 13, part of the powder gases from the barrel 2 through the gas vents 13 enters the initial volume of the gas chamber 9, actuating the piston 10, and moves the moving parts 12 through the motion transmission devices 11, to do the work of replacing the ammunition and preparing the gun for the next shot. The preparation of the gun for the next shot is well known to specialists and is not specifically described.

When a shot occurs with small and medium-sized ammunition (“light” ammunition), the gases fill the cavity 14 of the piston 10 and, through the discharge holes 15, act on the ends 16 of the C-shaped spring 17. The C-shaped spring is calibrated to ensure optimal operation of the motion transmission device 11 and moving parts 12, providing work on replacing the ammunition and preparing the gun for the next shot.

Accordingly, if the gas pressure force at the ends 16 of the spring 17 covering the discharge openings 15 is less than the preload force of the spring 17, then the discharge openings 15 remain closed. Therefore, all the powder gases entering the gas chamber 9 act on the surfaces 24 and 25 of the piston 10, thereby driving the movable parts 12, as mentioned above.

When a shot is fired by powerful ammunition, for example, Magnum, the gases also fill the cavity 14 of the piston 10 and through the vents 15 act on the ends 16 of the C-shaped spring 17. However, in this case, the gas pressure on the ends 16 of the spring 17 exceeds the force of the pre-spring 17 due to the greater gas pressure in the gas chamber. Accordingly, the C-shaped spring 17 is opened, opening the discharge holes 15 and releasing part of the gases from the gas chamber 9, that is, the excess gases are discharged. Due to the exit of part of the gases through the vents, the pressure deviation, when using the "Magnum" ammunition, is compensated on the piston 10, which ensures a constant speed of the moving parts 12 and does not allow the moving parts of the gun to develop excessively high speeds that can cause unreliable operation of the gun automatics or cause excessive wear to moving parts.

The gas evacuation mechanism for reloading a multi-shot firearm according to the invention has a simple, efficient and compact design that allows to reduce the total weight of the firearm, while providing a simple and reliable control of the gas pressure in the gas chamber when firing ammunition of various power.

The moving part of the valve mechanism is made as a leaf C-shaped spring placed on the piston of the venting reloading mechanism with the possibility of movement without friction surfaces with other components of the weapon. Thus, low mass, low inertia, and, consequently, high speed of the valve mechanism of the gas evacuation mechanism for reloading multiply charged firearms, are achieved. This provides a more stable adjustment of the gas pressure, and hence the speed of the moving parts of the weapon.

Claims (12)

1. A gas venting mechanism for reloading a multiple-charge firearm, in particular a semi-automatic or automatic type rifle, including a barrel (2), a receiver (3), a butt (4), a trigger mechanism (5) with a trigger (6), and forend (7), with the tube of the magazine (8) located inside it, while around the tube of the magazine (8), an annular gas chamber (9) located parallel to the barrel (2) and connected to it by gas vents (13) is installed in the forend (7) ), as well as the piston (10), the front end of which enters the gas amer (9) and under the influence of the pressure of the powder gases when firing, interacting through the motion transmission device (11) with the moving parts (12) of the gun to extract the spent cartridges, replace the ammunition and prepare the gun for the next shot, characterized in that the front end of the piston ( 10), which enters the gas chamber (9), has an internal cavity (14) in which at least two radial vents (15) are located, which are connected downstream to the gas chamber (9), while in the region of the vents (15) ) on the piston (10) p a C-shaped leaf spring (17) surrounding the outer part of the piston (10) is arranged, and the ends (16) of the C-shaped leaf spring (17) overlap the outlets (15) from the outside to control the discharge of excess powder gases during firing. 2. The gas evacuation mechanism for reloading a multiple-charge firearm according to claim 1, characterized in that the radial discharge holes (15) are located in the part of the internal cavity (14) remote from the front end of the piston (10). 3. The gas exhaust mechanism for reloading a multiple-charge firearm according to claim 1, characterized in that the C-shaped spring is fixed on the piston without the possibility of axial displacement relative to the piston. 4. The gas evacuation mechanism for reloading a multiple-charge firearm according to claim 3, characterized in that the C-shaped spring is located in a groove (18) made on the outer surface of the piston (10). 5. The venting mechanism for reloading a multi-shot firearm according to claim 1, characterized in that the C-shaped spring is fixed on the piston from rotation. 6. The gas evacuation mechanism for reloading a multiple-charge firearm according to claim 5, characterized in that, to prevent rotation on the piston, the C-shaped spring is provided with a protrusion (19) placed in the corresponding piston groove (20). 7. The gas evacuation mechanism for reloading a multiple-charge firearm according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that it comprises a latch (21) restricting the radial movement of the ends (16) of the spring (17) from the vents (15). 8. The gas evacuation mechanism for reloading a multiple-charge firearm according to claim 7, characterized in that the piston (10) is provided with upper grooves (23) for placing the latch (21) over the ends of the C-shaped spring (17). 9. The gas evacuation mechanism for reloading a multiple-charge firearm according to claim 7, characterized in that the latch (21) has rectangular openings (22) for the entry of the ends (16) of the C-shaped spring (17). 10. The gas evacuation mechanism for reloading multiple-charge firearms according to claim 7, characterized in that the latch (21) is additionally equipped with through holes for discharging excess gas from the gas chamber (9). 11. The gas evacuation mechanism for reloading a multiple-charge firearm according to claim 9, characterized in that the latch (21) is additionally equipped with through holes for discharging excess gas from the gas chamber (9). 12. The gas evacuation mechanism for reloading a multiple-charge firearm according to claim 1, characterized in that the ends of the spring are provided on the inside with protrusions, in particular conical, for closing the vents (15).

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