WO2012053943A2

WO2012053943A2 - Smooth bore firearm

Info

Publication number: WO2012053943A2
Application number: PCT/RU2011/000823
Authority: WO
Inventors: Константин Владимирович ЕВСЕЕВ; Тимур Арсенович ТАВБЕРИДЗЕ; Галина Эндриховна РУМЯННИКОВА
Original assignee: Общество С Ограниченной Ответственностью "Галтикс Перспективные Разработки И Технологии"
Priority date: 2010-10-21
Filing date: 2011-10-21
Publication date: 2012-04-26
Also published as: WO2012053943A3

Abstract

An improved repeating firearm, in particular of the semi-automatic or automatic variety, is proposed for use with ammunition of different strengths. In order to ensure that the weapon can be operated safely without malfunctions, failure to feed or failure to extract cartridges and that all of the mechanisms of the weapon work smoothly, an improved gas-operated reloading mechanism, an improved cartridge feed device and an improved ejection mechanism are proposed, which are intended to function with ammunition of different strengths.

Description

SMOOTH FIRING WEAPONS

DESCRIPTION

FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to an improved smoothbore multi-shot firearm, in particular a semi-automatic or automatic rifle.

State of the art

Modern multi-shot firearms, in particular semi-automatic or automatic rifles, use ammunition of various capacities. To ensure reliable operation of the weapon, without failures, empty reloading and jamming of the shells during removal, reliable operation of all weapon mechanisms is required, and in particular, the gas exhaust reloading mechanism, cartridge supply device and reflection mechanism with ammunition of different power are required.

Known multicharged firearms with a venting reloading mechanism, or, for example, also guns with a short or long barrel, performing an inertial principle of operation, or a gun with manual reloading (pump action), which is equipped with a cartridge feeding device that feeds another cartridge from the weapon store on the tray for feeding into the chamber, before the hammer strikes the hammer.

US Pat. No. 6742298, 06/01/2004, discloses a lock for feeding a cartridge for a shotgun with an under-barrel magazine, in which the tray, which receives a cartridge from the magazine and then delivers it to the chamber, is held in an intermediate position by means of a lock interacting with the trigger in which the cartridge cannot be fed from the magazine onto the tray. When the trigger is activated, the lock is released and the tray is released to move it to the position in which the cartridge is fed from the magazine to the tray.

Also, in document US 4601 122, July 22, 1986, a gun is disclosed having an under-barrel magazine and a cartridge feeding device, comprising a tray that receives a cartridge from the magazine and delivers it to the chamber; lever arm, which, interacting with the tray, can change its position - from the position in which this lever prevents the cartridges from leaving the magazine on the tray, to the position in which this lever allows the cartridge to exit to the tray, for further feeding it into the chamber.

In modern firearms, there is a need to reduce the response time of the striking mechanism and reloading mechanism, which, in general, is desirable to reduce to the minimum technologically achievable value. As a result of this, in the designs of the cartridge feeding device known from the prior art, a situation often arises when the tray, due to both its own inertia and the inertia of the means lowering it, such as a spring, does not have time to timely lower to the lower position to release the cartridge in the magazine, the moment of the shot.

Especially often this problem arises in the case of powerful ammunition and at high speeds of the bolt mechanism of the weapon.

If the tray does not reach the bottom position, then the next cartridge cannot enter the tray before the tray begins to rise under the action of the shutter. Consequently, there is a cycle of "empty" reloading of the gun, which is cocked, the bolt closed and the chamber empty. As a result, the operation of the weapon becomes unstable and unreliable.

It is also known that a multi-shot firearm with a venting reloading mechanism is equipped with a device for adjusting the gas pressure in the gas chamber, which pits excess gases from the gas chamber at high pressure. Such excess gases and overpressure in the gas chamber arise when using ammunition of increased power in multiple-charge firearms.

Such venting reloading mechanisms, providing the use of various types of ammunition, including high-power ammunition, are known from the prior art, for example, from documents US 4872392 and US 5429034.

US Pat. No. 4,872,392 discloses a gas venting mechanism for reloading a multiple-charge firearm, including a barrel, a barrel a box, a butt, a trigger mechanism with a trigger and a forend with a magazine tube placed inside it, while around the magazine tube there is an annular gas chamber located parallel to the barrel and connected to the barrel by gas vents, as well as a piston with a front end the gas chamber and under the influence of the pressure of the powder gases during firing interacting through a motion transmission device with moving parts of the gun to extract spent cartridges, replace ammunition ace and prepare a gun for the next shot. According to the document US 4872392, the gas chamber is equipped with a valve assembly, providing the removal of excess gases from the gas chamber at high pressure. To vent gas, the valve assembly contains holes that are located in the side wall of the gas chamber and limit the pressure on the piston, and also do not allow the moving parts of the gun to develop excessively high speeds, which can cause unreliable operation of the gun automatics or lead to excessive wear of the moving parts.

The disadvantages of the known solutions include the fact that the valve assembly is a separate structural unit that requires special installation and is fixedly mounted to provide fluid communication with the gas chamber. Due to this, the mass of the weapon as a whole and the complexity of its assembly increase.

In a number of samples of modern multi-shot firearms, it is possible to use cartridges with different liner lengths, for the extraction of which the reflection mechanism is used. It is known that for reliable extraction of a spent cartridge case, the reflection mechanism must act on the bottom of the cartridge case when the front end of the cartridge case exits the chamber.

Most of the applied reflection mechanisms for smooth-bore weapons have a fixed reflector designed to reflect the maximum length of the sleeve, so that when reflecting short sleeves, the sleeve can exit the ejector tooth before interacting with the reflector. This leads to unreliable operation of all weapons.

Also known are reflection mechanisms containing movable a spring-loaded reflector, such as disclosed in document US3014304, 12.26.1961, which describes a movable reflection mechanism with a movable spring-loaded reflector, comprising a guide rod on which the spring is mounted, and also a movable tooth of the reflector placed on a flange in contact with the guide rod, the tooth the reflector is in mechanical connection with the shutter of the weapon and provides extraction of the spent sleeve during the reverse stroke of the shutter.

The known reflection mechanism does not provide reliable extraction of spent cartridges of different lengths in smooth-bore firearms, since its design has a mechanical connection with the bolt of the weapon, which can cause unwanted movement of the reflector, especially possible when the grooves in which the movable reflector is contaminated are contaminated. In addition, the known design is characterized by increased friction in the working mechanisms of the weapon, as well as the large dimensions of the weapon. Accordingly, the design of the known reflection mechanism due to the presence of a large number of friction parts requires frequent maintenance.

Thus, the improvement of firearms is required to ensure its reliable operation with ammunition of various capacities.

The purposes and objectives of the invention

In a first aspect, the present invention relates to an improved cartridge feeding device for a multi-shot firearm, in particular a semi-automatic or automatic type rifle with under-barrel magazine, which is reliable in operation and prevents the occurrence of an empty reload cycle.

In a second aspect, the object of the present invention is to provide a gas evacuation mechanism for reloading a multiple-charge firearm, in particular a semi-automatic or automatic rifle, which, when optimally performing its function when fired with ammunition of different power, has a lower mass and simpler design.

In a third aspect, the present invention relates to a reflection mechanism for a smoothbore firearm having a simple structure and providing reliable extraction of spent cartridges different lengths.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

To reduce the total weight and reduce the number of individual weapon blocks, it is proposed to use weapon components to perform more than one function.

To provide a solution to the problem in terms of the cartridge feeding device, the present invention provides for locking the tray in an intermediate position, releasing the tray and lowering it to a lower position to release the cartridge in the magazine until the hammer impacts the hammer and lock the tray in this lower position until the cartridge is fed from the magazine on the tray.

According to the present invention, there is provided a cartridge feeding device for a multi-shot firearm, in particular a semi-automatic or automatic type rifle, including a barrel, a chamber in the barrel, a bolt for opening and closing the chamber, a hammer in said bolt, a trigger for striking a hammer and a sear for holding the trigger, a trigger to release the trigger from the sear, as well as a magazine for placing spare cartridges, equipped with a means of feeding cartridges from the magazine, while during comprises tray for making rounds from the magazine and feeding to the chamber, flow control lever of cartridges from the magazine to the tray, a lock for retaining the tray in an intermediate position. The present invention is characterized in that the trigger is provided with a means of lowering the tray and means for unlocking the tray, such that when the trigger is moved to the impact position of the hammer, the means for releasing the locking of the tray unlocks the tray in an intermediate position, and the means for lowering the tray force the tray to lower the lower position, in which the cartridge is released from the magazine and enters the tray, while the control lever for feeding cartridges from the magazine to the tray is rotated when lowering the tray from the position in which it prevents the cartridges from entering the magazine, to the position in which it locks the tray in the lower position and allows the cartridge from the magazine to enter the tray.

In one embodiment, the tray lowering means is a protrusion, made in one piece with the trigger.

It is also possible that the means for lowering the tray is a lever mounted rotatably on the axis of the trigger. The lever can be equipped with means for geometric or kinematic interaction with the trigger and joint rotation.

According to the present invention, it can be provided that said lever is adapted to interact with the trigger spring of the trigger for turning on the axis of the trigger and lowering the tray.

In a preferred embodiment, the trigger may be further equipped with a protrusion for interacting with said lever and bringing it to its original position.

According to the present invention, the means for removing the locking of the tray is a tooth made in one piece with the trigger and interacting with a geometric and power circuit with the locking of the tray. To implement geometric and power closure, the locking of the tray is made in the form corresponding to the shape of the tooth. Since the means for creating a geometric and power circuit of the elements are generally known to the skilled person, they are not further explained in the present description.

Alternatively, the tool to release the locking of the tray may be a tooth made in one piece with the said lever and interacting with a geometric and power circuit with the locking of the tray.

Due to the proposed design of the cartridge feeding device for multi-shot firearms, the occurrence of a cycle of “empty” reloading of the gun is completely eliminated, which ensures reliable use of the weapon, while the tray is guaranteed to be in the lowest position until the trigger impacts the hammer, so the inertia of the parts of the feed mechanism does not affect on the reliability of the feed mechanism.

In a second aspect, the present invention provides an improved venting mechanism for reloading a multi-shot firearm, in which the parts are placed coaxially and externally of the underbarrel tubular magazine, and the venting mechanism reloading contains a valve mechanism for the removal of part of the gases from the gas chamber in the event that excessive pressure is generated in the gas chamber when fired by powerful ammunition, for example, when fired by Magnum cartridges.

The proposed valve assembly is made on the piston, while the front end of the piston, which enters the gas chamber of the venting reloading mechanism, has an internal cavity in which at least two radial vents are located, which are connected downstream to the gas chamber, while in the region of the vents on the piston has a C-shaped leaf spring surrounding the outer part of the piston, the ends of the C-shaped leaf spring overlapping the outside of the hole to control the discharge of excess powder gas when fired.

The number of radial discharge openings is not limited to two and can be set arbitrarily so that the ends of the C-shaped springs overlap these openings.

The proposed implementation of the valve mechanism allows to reduce the total weight of the gun by eliminating the dead weight of the valve mechanism. In the present invention, the entire valve mechanism is an integral part of the total mass of the piston, which, under the influence of the pressure of the powder gases during the shot, interacts with the moving transmission device with the moving parts of the gun to extract the spent cartridges, replace the ammunition and prepare the gun for the next shot.

Also, the solution according to the present invention provides a very simple, efficient and compact design.

Since the valve mechanism of the present invention is directly connected to the piston, the valve mechanism has a minimum inertia and provides more stable adjustment of gas pressure during the movement of the piston.

In a preferred embodiment, said C-shaped spring is fixed to the piston against rotation, for example, by means of a protrusion provided on the C-shaped spring.

In another preferred embodiment, a latch is placed above the ends of the C-shaped spring, restricting the radial movement of the ends of the spring from vent holes.

Further, it may preferably be provided that the ends of the spring are provided on the inside with protrusions, in particular conical, for closing the vents.

In a third aspect, a reflection mechanism for smooth-bore firearms is proposed, comprising a movable reflector, which provides reliable extraction of the cartridge case of different lengths due to the fact that the movable reflector acts on the cartridge case immediately after removing it from the chamber.

Details and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the following description of the invention presented below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

The presented examples are only an illustration, providing an understanding of the principle of the present invention for a specialist, in the framework of which various modifications are possible, and they do not serve to limit the scope of claims, which is determined only by the claims of the present invention.

Description of drawings

FIG. 1 is a longitudinal section of a shotgun section with a cocked trigger ready to fire with a cartridge in the chamber and with spare ammunition placed in a magazine, in one embodiment of the tray lowering device;

FIG. 2 is a section along the line P-P of FIG. one ;

FIG. 3 is a longitudinal section through a gun in which the tray is in an intermediate position;

FIG. 4 - a longitudinal section of the gun, in which the trigger strikes the hammer, and the tray is in the lower position and is ready to receive a new cartridge from the magazine;

FIG. 5 is a section along the line V-V of FIG. four;

FIG. 6 is a longitudinal section of a gun in which the weapon is in position after a shot when a new cartridge is already placed on the tray;

FIG. 7 is a section along line AA of FIG. 6;

FIG. 8 is a longitudinal section of the gun, while the tray is in the upper position for feeding the cartridge into the chamber.

FIG. 9 is a longitudinal sectional view of a shotgun section with a cocked trigger ready to fire with a cartridge in the chamber, and with spare ammunition placed in a magazine, in another embodiment of a tray lowering means;

FIG. 10 is a section along the line P-P of FIG. 9;

FIG. 11 is a longitudinal section through a shotgun in which the tray is in an intermediate position in a second embodiment of the tray lowering means;

FIG. 12 is a longitudinal section of a gun in which the trigger strikes the hammer, and the tray is in the low position and is ready to receive a new cartridge from the magazine;

FIG. 13 is a section along the line V-V of FIG. 12;

FIG. 14 is a longitudinal section through a shotgun in which a weapon is in position after a shot when a new cartridge is already placed on the tray;

FIG. 15 is a section along line A-A of FIG. fourteen;

FIG. 16 is a longitudinal section of a gun, while the tray is in the upper position for feeding the cartridge into the chamber,

FIG. 17 is a longitudinal sectional view of a shotgun section with a cocked trigger ready to fire with a cartridge in the chamber and with spare ammunition placed in a magazine, in an alternative embodiment of a tray lock release means,

FIG. 18 is a longitudinal sectional view of a shotgun section with a cocked trigger ready to fire with a cartridge in the chamber, and with spare ammunition placed in a magazine, in an alternative embodiment of the tray lowering device,

FIG. 19 is a section along the line P-P of FIG. eighteen.

Figure 20 is a front view of the nodes of a semi-automatic shotgun;

FIG. 21 is a partial sectional view of part F2 of FIG. 20 on an enlarged scale;

FIG. 22 is a partial sectional view of part F3 of FIG. 21 on an enlarged scale; Fig.23 is a section along the line F4 in Fig.22; Fig - represents the appearance of the components of the piston according to the present invention;

Fig. 25 is a longitudinal horizontal sectional view of a shotgun section with a cartridge in the chamber before firing;

Fig. 26 is a section along the line II-II of Fig. 25;

Fig. 27 is a longitudinal horizontal section through a shotgun section during extraction of a short sleeve;

Fig. 28 is a longitudinal horizontal section through a shotgun section upon contact of a long sleeve with a reflector;

Fig. 29 is a longitudinal horizontal section through a shotgun section during extraction of a long sleeve;

FIG. 30 is an isometric view of a reflection mechanism mounted on a barrel sleeve;

FIG. 31 is a reflection mechanism mounted on a barrel sleeve in an isometric view;

FIG. 32 is a view A of FIG. 31;

FIG. 33 is a cross-sectional view taken along line IV-IV of FIG. 32;

FIG. 34 is a cross-sectional view along the line W-H in FIG. 32;

FIG. 35 is a longitudinal section along the line PP in FIG. 32;

FIG. 36 is an isometric view of a reflection mechanism mounted on a barrel sleeve in an alternative embodiment of a reflection mechanism.

In the accompanying figures, the positions referring to the same elements have a common designation.

So in FIG. 1-19, position 1 relates generally to a gun, in particular to a semi-automatic gun with a receiver under a receiver. The shotgun includes a barrel 2 with a chamber 3, in which a cartridge 4 is placed, a shutter 5 for opening and closing the chamber 3, containing a hammer 6, a trigger 7, actuated by a spring 8 through the hammer pusher 30 and designed to strike the hammer 6, whispered 9 to hold the trigger 7 in cocked position and the trigger 10, which controls the sear 9 to release the trigger 7. Under the barrel 2 there is a magazine 1 1 for spare ammunition 12, moved in the direction of the arrow F, for example by means of a spring (not shown), the feed compartment 13, in which the tray 14 is located, which serves to receive the cartridge from the magazine and lift it to the sending line, when the shutter 5 finishes the extraction of the spent sleeve of the cartridge 4 and simultaneously cock the trigger 7.

In the supply compartment 13, a lever 15 is located laterally with respect to the tray 14, which has the possibility of rotation and lateral movement relative to the axis 17. The front end 18 of the lever 15 impedes the movement of the cartridge 12, which is located in the magazine, and is located in front of the supply compartment 13. The rear surface 19 of the lever 15 interacts with the surface 20 of the tray 14, which is in an intermediate position in which the cartridge 12 cannot come from the magazine 1 1 to the tray 14. The spring 16, when lowering the tray 14, moves the lever 15 to a position that allows the cartridge to exit 12 from the store to tray 14.

The back of the tray 14 interacts with the lock 21 so that the latter prevents the tray from dropping to the lower position when the lock 21 is in the front position. The lock 21 is located on the base of the trigger mechanism 22 and is preloaded by the spring 23. This spring serves to return the lock 21 to its original position.

As shown, for example, in FIG. 1, 9, the lock 21 has a tooth 24, which is made with the possibility of geometric and force interaction with the tooth 25 located on the trigger 7. When the teeth 24 and 25 interact, the lock 21 is moved to the rear position and the tray 14 is released.

According to FIG. 1-8, a protrusion 26 is located on the trigger 7, which, when the trigger fires and the tray lock is released, allows the tray 14 to be lowered from the intermediate position to the lower position until the trigger 7 impacts the hammer 6. This releases the cartridge in the magazine and enters the tray fourteen.

Although the action of the gun itself is known and does not need further explanation, attention should be paid to the fact that before a shot will be fired by the cartridge 4, the cock 7 in the cocked state is held by the sear 9, and the shutter 5 is located in its extreme forward position, closing the chamber 3. This position is shown in FIG. 1 and 2. The lock 21 in this case is in the front position, that is, under the tray 14, holding it in an intermediate position. In this position, the surface 20 of the tray is located opposite the rear surface 19 of the lever 15, while the lever 15 is in such a position that the front end 18 of the lever prevents the movement of the cartridge 12 from the magazine 1 1.

When the trigger 10 is pressed, the sear 9 is disengaged with the trigger 7 and the latter, under the action of the spring 8 and the pusher, begins to rotate around its axis to strike the hammer 6. However, before the hammer hits the hammer, as shown in FIG. 3, the tooth 25 of the trigger starts interacting with the tooth 24 of the lock 21 and with further rotation of the trigger 7 moves the lock 21 to the point where the lock will release the tray 14, and the protrusion 26 will begin to interact with the tray.

As shown in FIGS. 4 and 5, at the moment when the trigger 7 strikes the hammer 6, the protrusion 26 of the trigger lowers the tray 14 to the lower position. At this time, the rear surface 19 of the lever 15 is no longer held by the surface 20 of the tray, and the lever 15 begins to rotate freely to the inside of the feed compartment 13 around the axis 17 under the action of the spring 16, blocking the rear end of the tray 14 from rising, the front end 18 of the lever no longer blocks cartridge 12 in the store, and the drummer will ignite the capsule of the cartridge 4 located in the chamber 3 of the barrel.

At the time of the shot, under the action of automatic reloading, the shutter 5 begins to move to the rear position, extracting the spent sleeve, and cockes the trigger. The trigger will stop the impact on the tooth 24 of the lock 21 and that under the action of the spring 23 will move until it comes into contact with the tray. The cartridge 12 under the action of the spring moves to the tray 14. As you exit the magazine, the cartridge acts on the rear surface 19 of the lever 15, and that, in turn, rotates in the opposite direction around the axis 17 and the front end 18 blocks the next cartridge in the store, and the rear the end releases the tray — as shown in FIG. 6 and 7.

Having reached the rear position, the shutter 5 under the action of the return mechanism begins to move to the front position, raises the tray 14 with the cartridge 12 located on it to the line of sending. In this case, the lock 21 under the action of the spring 23 occupies a front position. This position is depicted in FIG. 8.

With the further movement of the shutter 5, the latter sends the cartridge 12 to the chamber 3 and locks the barrel, the tray 14 is lowered to interact with the lock 21, and thus returns the gun to its original position shown in FIG. 1 and 2.

In the embodiment shown in FIG. 9-19, the same elements are denoted in the same manner as in FIG. 1-8. Moreover, in this embodiment, parallel to the trigger 7 on the axis of the trigger is a lever 27 that has a rear shoulder 29 for interacting with the trigger pusher 30 and a front shoulder 28 for interacting with the tray 14.

The main function of the lever 27 is also to lower the tray 14 from the intermediate position to the lower position after releasing the lock 21 and until the trigger 7 acts on the hammer 6. As shown in the accompanying drawings, before the cartridge 4 is fired, the trigger 7 is held cocked the sear 9, and the shutter 5 is located in the extreme forward position, closing the chamber 3 (see Fig. 9 and 10). The lock 21 is in the forward position, that is, under the tray 14, to hold it in an intermediate position. In this position, the surface 20 of the tray is located opposite the rear surface 19 of the lever 15, while the lever 15 is in such a position that the front end 13 of the lever prevents the movement of the cartridge 12 from the magazine.

When you press the trigger 10, the sear 9 is released with the trigger 7 and the last under the action of the spring 8 and the pusher 30, the trigger begins to rotate around its axis to strike the hammer 6. However, before the hammer hits the hammer, tooth 25 of the trigger begins to interact with the tooth 24 of the lock 21 and with further rotation of the trigger 7 moves the lock 21 to the point where the lock will release the tray 14, at this moment the push rod of the trigger 30, acting on the rear shoulder 29 of the lever 27, will turn it so that the front shoulder 28 begins to interact with the tray (Fig .eleven). At the moment when the trigger 7 strikes the hammer 6, the trigger pusher 30 will turn the lever 27, and the front shoulder 28 will lower the tray 14 to the lower position. At this time, the rear surface 19 of the lever 15 is no longer held by the surface 20 of the tray, and the lever 15 begins to freely rotate the rear surface 19 to the inside of the feed compartment 13 around the axis 17 under the action of the spring 16, blocking the rear end of the tray 14 from rising, while the front end 18 of the lever no longer blocks the cartridge 12 in the magazine (Figs. 12 and 13), and the hammer will ignite the cartridge 4 in the chamber 3 of the barrel.

At the time of the shot, under the action of automatic reloading, the shutter 5 begins to move to its extreme rear position, extracting the fired sleeve, and cockes the trigger 7, the latter, in turn, acting on the trigger pusher 30, compresses the service spring 8. The trigger will stop affecting the tooth 24 of the lock 21 , and under the action of the spring 23, it moves to contact with the tray. The cartridge 12 under the action of the spring moves to the tray 14. As you exit the magazine, the cartridge acts on the rear surface 19 of the lever 15, and that, in turn, rotates in the opposite direction around the axis 17 and the front end 16 blocks the next cartridge in the store, and the rear the end of the lever releases the tray (Figs. 14 and 15). Having reached the extreme rear position, the shutter 5, under the action of the return mechanism, begins to move to the extreme front position, raises the tray 14 with the cartridge 12 located on it to the sending line. The tray 14, acting on the front shoulder 28, will freely turn the lever 27, since the trigger 7 until this moment moves the trigger pusher 30 to its original position, in which the trigger pusher 30 does not interact with the rear shoulder 29 of the lever 27. In this case, the lock 21 under the action of the spring 23 occupies its original position. This position is depicted in FIG. 16.

With the further movement of the shutter 5, the latter sends the cartridge 12 to the chamber 3 and locks the barrel channel, the tray 14 is lowered to interact with the lock 21 and, thus, returns the gun to its original position shown in FIG. 9 and 10.

The present invention is not limited to the above options and can be modified by specialists in the framework of the General idea of the present invention. All such modifications are obvious to specialists and are included in the scope of the present invention. Thus, in one embodiment of the invention shown in FIG. 17, the lock release means is in the form of a tooth 25 located on the lever 27 and interacting with the lock 21 tooth 24.

It is also possible that the trigger has a protrusion 31 for interacting with the rear shoulder 29 of the lever 27, for forcing it to rotate to its original position (Figs. 18 and 19). A variant is possible when the yoke 27 is spring-loaded with its own spring for constant contact of the rear shoulder 29 with the trigger pusher 30.

In FIG. 20-24 shows the whole gun, in a particular case, a semi-automatic gun with a receiver under the receiver.

Semi-automatic shotgun 1 includes a barrel 2, a receiver 32, a butt 33, a trigger mechanism 34 with a trigger 10 and a forearm 35 with a tube 11 placed inside the magazine.

Around the tube store 1 1 installed in the forend 35 in series: a gas chamber 36 connected to the barrel 2, a piston 37 and a device 38 for transmitting movement, which comes into contact with the piston 37 and the moving parts of the gun.

The inner part of the gas chamber 36 is connected downstream with the inner part of the barrel 2 through gas vents 39.

The piston 37 has an inner cavity 40 in the front part, extending beyond the gas chamber 36, in the rear part of the cavity are two radial discharge holes 41, which are blocked externally by the upper ends 42 of the C-shaped leaf spring 43 surrounding the outer part of the piston. The spring is located in a groove 44 made on the outer surface of the piston 37, preventing axial displacement of the spring relative to the piston. In the lower part of the spring is a protrusion 45, interacting with the lower groove 46 on the piston, which prevents the rotation of the spring relative to the piston.

The piston 37 is provided with upper grooves 47 for accommodating a latch 48 restricting the radial movement of the ends 42 of the C-shaped spring 43 from vents 41. The latch 48, preferably made in the form of a curved plate, the ends of which enter the upper grooves 47 of the piston, has rectangular openings 49 into which the ends 42 of the C-shaped spring 43 extend, thereby preventing the latch from axial displacement relative to the piston. If necessary, the lock can be provided with through holes to facilitate the discharge of excess gas from the gas chamber.

The operation of the venting reloading mechanism according to the invention is very simple and proceeds as follows.

In the usual way, when fired, when the projectile passes the gas vents 39, part of the powder gases from the barrel 2 through the gas vents 39 enter the initial volume of the gas chamber 36, actuating the piston 37, and moves the moving parts 50 through the motion transmitting devices 38, to do the work of replacing the ammunition and preparing the gun for the next shot. The preparation of the gun for the next shot is well known to specialists and is not specifically described.

When a small and medium power ammunition (“light” ammunition) is fired, gases fill the cavity 40 of the piston 37 and, through the discharge holes 41, act on the ends 42 of the C-shaped spring 43. The C-shaped spring is calibrated to ensure optimal operation of the motion transmitting device 38 and movable parts 50, providing work on replacing the ammunition and preparing the gun for the next shot.

Accordingly, if the gas pressure force at the ends 42 of the spring 43 covering the vents 41 is less than the force of the pre-loaded spring 43, then the vents 41 remain closed. Consequently, all powder gases entering the gas chamber 36 act on the surfaces 51 and 52 of the piston 37, thereby driving the movable parts 50, as mentioned above.

When a shot is fired by powerful ammunition, such as Magnum, the gases also fill the cavity 40 of the piston 37 and through the vents 41 act on the ends 42 of the C-shaped spring 43. However, in this case, the gas pressure on the ends 42 of the spring 43 exceeds the pre-force preloaded spring 43 due to the higher gas pressure in the gas chamber. Accordingly, the C-shaped spring 43 is opened, opening the discharge holes 41 and releasing part of the gases from the gas chamber 36, that is, excess gases are discharged. Due to the exit of a part of the gases through the vents, the pressure deviation when using the “Magnum” ammunition on the piston 37 is compensated, which ensures a constant speed of the moving parts 50 and does not allow the moving parts of the gun to develop excessively high speeds that can cause unreliable operation of the gun automatics or excessive wear on moving parts.

The gas evacuation mechanism for reloading a multi-shot firearm according to the invention has a simple, efficient and compact design that allows to reduce the total weight of the firearm, while providing a simple and reliable control of the gas pressure in the gas chamber when firing ammunition of various power.

The moving part of the valve mechanism is made as a leaf C-shaped spring placed on the piston of the venting reloading mechanism with the possibility of movement without friction surfaces with other components of the weapon. Thus, low mass, low inertia, and, consequently, high speed of the valve mechanism of the gas evacuation mechanism for reloading multiply charged firearms, are achieved. This provides a more stable adjustment of gas pressure and, consequently, the speed of the moving parts of the weapon.

The accompanying Figs. 25-29 explain the operation of the reflection mechanism according to the present invention. In FIG. 25-29 shows a part of a smoothbore firearm having a barrel 2 with a sleeve in which a chamber 3 is located, a receiver 32 for accommodating weapon mechanisms, a bolt 5 moving longitudinally in the receiver to lock the barrel, an ejector 53 mounted in the bolt, for extracting the spent sleeve 54 from the barrel chamber with a tooth 55, as well as a reflection mechanism located in the barrel sleeve with a reflector 56 having a tooth 57 for acting on said sleeve 54 to reflect it outside the box through the extraction window 58 (Fig.25, 26). As shown in FIG. 25, the reflector 56 is preloaded by the spring 59 in its initial position, while the reflector has the possibility of longitudinal movement in the grooves 60 relative to the receiver (see Fig. 26).

The following describes the operation of the reflector according to the invention.

When using a short sleeve, as shown in Fig. 25, after firing, the shutter 5 begins to move from the front position to the rear position in the usual way, depending on the type of action of the weapon (inertial mechanism, gas vent, the use of recoil of the barrel, etc.), the ejector 53 hooks with the tooth 55 the edge of the spent sleeve 64 and removes it from the chamber 3. With further movement of the shutter 5, as shown in Fig. 27, the short sleeve abuts the tooth 57 of the reflector 56 and, rotating around the tooth 55 of the ejector 53, leaves the receiver 32 through the extraction window 58.

When using a long sleeve, as shown in Fig. 28, at the moment of contact of the sleeve with the tooth 57 of the reflector 58, the front part 61 of the sleeve 54 is still in the chamber 3 of the barrel and prevents rotation of the sleeve relative to the tooth 55 of the ejector 53, so the shutter 5 continues to move, removing sleeve 54 from chamber 3.

The sleeve 54, in turn, acting on the tooth 57 of the reflector 56, begins to move it from its original position, compressing the spring 59 of the reflector. As can be seen from Fig. 29, when the front portion 61 of the sleeve exits the barrel chamber, the sleeve will be able to rotate relative to the tooth 55 of the ejector 53 and leave the receiver 32 through the extraction window 58. The spring 59 moves the reflector 56 to its original position.

The subsequent FIG. 30-35 depict in more detail the design of the reflection mechanism and its mounting on the barrel sleeve.

In FIG. 30 shows the individual components of a reflection mechanism mounted on a barrel sleeve. To position the reflection mechanism, the barrel sleeve is provided with curly grooves 60 and vertical curly grooves 62 (see Figs. 31, 34, 35).

The reflection mechanism includes a reflector 56, a contactor 66, and a reflector spring 59.

Mentioned reflector 56, as shown in Fig. 30, is made with side surfaces corresponding to the figured grooves 60, an opening 64 for accommodating the reflector spring 59, as well as a groove 65 located at the rear of the reflector 56 and configured to interact with the contactor 66. At the rear, the reflector 56 has a tooth 57 for interacting with the reflected sleeve (see Figs. 25-29, 35). During operation, the reflector 56 by means of the tooth 57 for influencing the spent sleeve ensures its reflection outside the box through the extraction window 58 of the firearm.

Said contactor 66, intended for mounting the reflector 56 and spring 59 on the barrel sleeve 2, comprises an extended end portion 67 designed to interact with the vertical curly grooves 62 of the barrel sleeve, the size of the terminal extended portion 67 of the contact 66 being set smaller than the smallest vertical size figured groove 62 for reliable placement in it to prevent horizontal movement of the contactor 66 (see Fig. 31, 32).

The front end 68 of the contactor 66 is designed to be placed in the groove 65 of the reflector 56 to prevent its vertical movement (Fig. 32) and also has a protrusion 69, which is configured to enter the inner diameter of the coils of the spring 59 to prevent horizontal movement of the front end 68 of the contactor (Fig. . 32, 35).

In a possible alternative embodiment, the protrusion 69 extends along the entire length of the reflector 56 and enters the hole 70 in the head of the reflector (Fig. 36).

The groove 65, made in the rear of the reflector when interacting with the front end 68 of the contactor 66, keeps the contactor from vertical movement, but allows you to move in the longitudinal direction relative to the reflector to ensure its operation (see Fig. 32, 33).

As shown in FIG. 31, 32, in the state of installation on the flange of the barrel 2 of a smooth-bore firearm, the reflector 56 is fixed in the figured grooves 60 by means of a spring 59 located in the hole 64 inside the reflector to return the reflector to its original position, and a contactor 66 located in the vertical figured grooves 62, with in this case, the reflector may perform the aforementioned in connection with FIG. 25-29 longitudinal movement along the axis of the bore from the starting position at which it is extracted short sleeve, to the rear position when the long sleeve is extracted.

Thus, reliable extraction of the liner of any size and stable operation of the weapon are achieved.

In one embodiment, the hole 64 may be partially open so that the spring cannot fall out of the reflector, as shown in FIG. 30 and 31.

To disassemble the reflection mechanism in the mounting state, as shown in FIG. 31 and 32, it is necessary to move the contactor 66 so that the end extended part 67 can exit the curly grooves 62 of the barrel coupler 2 and take the back of the contactor 66 to the side to exit it from the grooves 62. After this, the action of the spring 59 moves the contactor 66 back and separates it from couplings. The reflector 56 is no longer held in the figured groove 60 of the barrel sleeve 2 and is removed with the spring 59. Mounting the reflection mechanism on the barrel sleeve of the smooth-bore firearm from the position shown in FIG. 30 is carried out in reverse order.

In an embodiment of the reflection mechanism, in which the protrusion 69 of the contactor 66 enters the hole 70 in the head of the reflector 56, the assembly of the mechanism is carried out by putting the spring 59 on the protrusion 69 of the contactor 62, inserting the reflector 56 into the grooves 60 of the barrel sleeve 2 until it stops. After that, the front end of the protrusion 69 of the contactor 66 is placed in the hole 70 of the reflector 56, compressing the spring 59, while the back of the contactor 66 is pressed against the cylindrical surface of the barrel sleeve 2. With further advancement of the contactor 66 and compression of the spring 59, the end extended portion 67 of the contactor 66 vertical figured groove 62 of the sleeve of the barrel 2, and then the contactor 66 takes its working position. The dismantling of the reflection mechanism from the barrel sleeve of a smooth-bore firearm in this embodiment of the reflection mechanism is carried out in the reverse order.

The present invention in each aspect is disclosed in relation to a smoothbore multi-shot firearm, in particular a smoothbore gun, automatic or semi-automatic action, but can be suitably adapted by a specialist for another type of weapon with the effect of increasing the reliability of the use of weapons with ammunition of different power.

Claims

CLAIM

1. A cartridge feeding device for a multi-shot firearm, in particular a semi-automatic or automatic type gun (1), including a barrel (2), a chamber (3) in the barrel, a bolt (5) for opening and closing the chamber (3), a hammer (6) in said shutter (5), a trigger (7) for striking the hammer (6) and a sear (9) to hold the trigger (7), a trigger (10) to release the trigger (7) from the sear (9) , as well as a magazine (1 1) for placing spare cartridges (12), equipped with means for supplying cartridges from the magazine, while the device contains there is a tray (14) for accepting cartridges from the magazine and feeding to the chamber (3), a lever (15) for controlling the supply of cartridges from the magazine (1 1) to the tray (14), a lock (21) to hold the tray in an intermediate position, characterized by that the trigger (7) is equipped with a means for lowering the tray (14) and means for unlocking (21) the tray (14), made so that when moving the trigger (7) in the position of impact on the hammer, the means for unlocking (21) of the tray (14) provides unlocking (21) of the tray (14) in the intermediate position, and the means for lowering the tray - forced op acceleration of the tray (14) to the lower position, in which the cartridge is released from the magazine and enters the tray, while the lever (15) for controlling the supply of cartridges from the magazine to the tray when lowering the tray (14) is rotated from the position in which it prevents the cartridges from magazine (1 1), in a position in which it locks the tray (14) in the lower position and allows the cartridge from the magazine to enter the tray.

2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the means for lowering the tray is a protrusion (26), made in one piece with the trigger (7).

3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the means for lowering the tray is a lever (27) mounted rotatably on the axis of the trigger (7).

4. The device according to claim 3, characterized in that said lever (27) is configured to interact with the trigger spring (8) of the trigger (7) to rotate on the axis of the trigger and lower the tray (14).

5. The device according to claim 4, characterized in that the trigger (7) is additionally equipped with a protrusion for interacting with the lever (27) and bring it into initial position.

6. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the means for removing the lock of the tray is a tooth (25), made in one piece with the trigger (7) and interacting with a geometric and power circuit with the lock (21) of the tray.

7. The device according to p. 3, characterized in that the means for removing the locking of the tray is a tooth (25), made in one piece with the said lever (27) and interacting with a geometric and power circuit with the lock (21) of the tray.

8. The gas venting mechanism for reloading multiple-charged firearms, in particular semi-automatic or automatic rifles, including a barrel (2), a receiver (32), a butt (33), a trigger mechanism (34) with a trigger and a forearm (35 ) with the magazine tube (1 1) located inside it, while around the magazine tube (1 1), an annular gas chamber (36) located parallel to the barrel (2) and connected to it by gas vents (39) is installed in the fore-end (35) as well as the piston (37), the front end entering the gas a chamber (36) and under the influence of the pressure of the powder gases during firing, the gun interacts through the device (38) for transmitting movement with the moving parts (50) of the gun to extract the spent cartridges, replace the ammunition and prepare the gun for the next shot, characterized in that the front end of the piston (37), which enters the gas chamber (36), has an internal cavity (40) in which at least two radial vents (41) are located, which are connected downstream to the gas chamber (36), while in the region of the vents ( 41) per piston e (37) there is a C-shaped leaf spring (43) surrounding the outer part of the piston (37), the ends (42) of the C-shaped leaf spring (43) overlapping the outside of the vents (41) to control the discharge of excess powder gases during firing .

9. The gas evacuation mechanism for reloading a multiple-charge firearm according to claim 8, characterized in that the radial discharge holes (41) are located in the part of the internal cavity (40) remote from the front end of the piston (37).

10. The venting mechanism for reloading a multiple-charge firearm according to claim 8, characterized in that the C-shaped spring is fixed on the piston without the possibility of axial displacement relative to the piston.

11. The gas evacuation mechanism for reloading a multiple-charge firearm according to claim 10, characterized in that the C-shaped spring is located in a groove (44) made on the outer surface of the piston (37).

12. The venting mechanism for reloading a multiple-charge firearm according to claim 8, characterized in that the C-shaped spring is fixed on the piston from rotation.

13. The gas evacuation mechanism for reloading multiple-charge firearms according to claim 12, characterized in that, to prevent rotation on the piston, the C-shaped spring is provided with a protrusion (45) placed in the corresponding piston groove (46).

14. The gas evacuation mechanism for reloading a multiple-charge firearm according to claim 8, characterized in that it comprises a latch (48) restricting the radial movement of the ends (42) of the spring (43) from the vents (41).

15. The gas evacuation mechanism for reloading a multiple-charge firearm according to claim 14, characterized in that the piston (37) is provided with upper grooves (47) for positioning the latch (48) over the ends of the C-shaped spring (43).

16. The gas evacuation mechanism for reloading a multiple-charge firearm according to claim 14, characterized in that the latch (48) has rectangular openings (49) for the entry of the ends (42) of the C-shaped spring (43).

17. The gas evacuation mechanism for reloading a multiple-charge firearm according to claim 14, characterized in that the latch (48) is additionally equipped with through holes for discharging excess gas from the gas chamber (36).

18. The gas outlet mechanism for reloading a multiple-charge firearm according to claim 16, characterized in that the latch (48) is additionally equipped with through holes for discharging excess gas from the gas chamber (36).

19. The gas outlet mechanism for reloading a multiple-charge firearm according to claim 8, characterized in that the ends of the spring are provided with protrusions, in particular conical, for closing the discharge holes (41).

20. The reflection mechanism for smooth-bore firearms containing a barrel (2) with a barrel clutch in which a chamber is located (3), a receiver (32) for accommodating weapon mechanisms, a bolt (5) that moves longitudinally in the receiver (32), for locking the bore, the ejector (53) installed in the shutter (5), to remove the spent sleeve from the chamber (3) of the barrel, while the barrel coupling for the location of the reflection mechanism is equipped with curly grooves (60) and vertical curly grooves (62), moreover, the reflection mechanism includes t in itself:

a movable reflector (56) configured to interact with curly grooves (60) and move longitudinally relative to the receiver from the initial position at which the short sleeve is extracted to the rear position when the long sleeve is extracted,

- a contactor (66) interacting with the grooves (60, 62) for mounting the reflector (56) on the barrel sleeve (2) and ensuring longitudinal movement of the reflector (56), and

- a spring (59) of the reflector, allowing longitudinal movement of the reflector (56) between the initial and rear position in the mounted state of the reflection mechanism and the withdrawal of the contactor (16) when dismantling the reflection mechanism.

21. The reflection mechanism according to claim 20, in which the spring (59) of the reflector is located in the hole (64) of the reflector (56).

22. The reflection mechanism according to item 21, in which the hole (64) of the reflector (56) is made partially open.

23. The reflection mechanism according to claim 20, in which a groove (65) is provided in the rear of the reflector to accommodate the contactor (66).

24. The reflection mechanism according to claim 20, in which the contactor (66) has the end expanded part (67), made with a size smaller than the smallest size of the vertical curly groove (62) for placement in it to prevent horizontal movement of the contactor (66).

25. The reflection mechanism according to claim 20, in which the front end (68) of the contactor (66), designed to be placed in the groove (65) of the reflector (56), has a protrusion (69) to enter the inner diameter of the coils of the spring (59) of the reflector .

26. The reflection mechanism according to claim 20, in which the front end (68) of the contactor (66), designed to be placed in the groove (65) of the reflector (56), has a protrusion (69) to enter the inner diameter of the coils of the spring (59) of the reflector and into the hole (70) provided in the head of the reflector (56).