RU2455815C2 - Universal self-propelled combine for harvesting potato and girasol - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: combine comprises the receiving part, which contains digging discs, a plowshare, the main elevator, a narrowing screw, a second elevator, a remote conveyor, an intermediate conveyor, a slide of back plant-top removing machine, a rod conveyor, a pressure blade, tuber-tearing rods, a bucket conveyor, a hopper and an unloading conveyor. At that in front of the receiving part of the combine a front plant-top removing machine is mounted with the ability to feed plant-top with the plant-top pressing blades to the plant-top removing transporter. The front plant-top removing machine is equipped with tuber-tearing rods and furrow slice cutters spaced horizontally.

EFFECT: invention provides a reduction in loss of plant-top and the exclusion of contamination with its particles of soil during harvesting.

6 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to machines for harvesting root crops of potatoes and Jerusalem artichoke.

Known root harvesters, for example, descriptions of inventions: SU 1384248 A01D 15/04 or SU 650541 A01D 15/04, also SU 1271411 A01L 19/02; or SU 1184499, A01D 15/00; or SU 893160 A01D 15/04.

Famous self-propelled potato harvesters, see the manual Petrova GD and Kareva E.B. Self-propelled potato harvesters KSK-4, M., Agropromizdat, 1986, in particular: p.14 - KSK-4A-1 combine, or p.26 - KSK-4 combine, or p.35 - KSK-4A-1 combine.

As a prototype, it is proposed to adopt the self-propelled potato harvester KSK-4A-1, which has the main working bodies and assembly units: a receiving part, including a ploughshare, digging discs, a main elevator with narrowing screws, a second elevator, a remote conveyor, an intermediate conveyor, a topper picker , haulm toppers, haulm toppers, ladle conveyor, hopper, hopper loading conveyor, hopper unloading conveyor.

In the known design of the prototype for harvesting root crops, the top removal mechanism is located in the rear of the machine, which is not an acceptable location for harvesting Jerusalem artichoke root crops, since the aerial part of Jerusalem artichoke (tops) has large volumes, and a large volume of tops passes through the entire production line of elevators and conveyors the harvester’s roots will make it very difficult to separate the tubers from the soil lumps (see the book by Petrov GD Potato harvesting machines, M., 1972, p. 230).

In addition, when the whole Jerusalem artichoke tops are passed through the production line, there will be large losses of the dried portion of the tops due to grinding it on the elevators and conveyors of the production line, and the tops will be very contaminated with soil particles using this method of root harvesting, which will reduce its commercial quality, for example, when using it for livestock needs or for preparing fine fuel from it.

The objective of the present invention is to improve the technological process of root harvesting of Jerusalem artichoke, reduce the loss of tops, eliminating the possibility of contamination by soil particles during harvesting.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in the self-propelled universal potato harvester, a front topping mechanism is mounted in front of the receiving part, on which a botzhazhimny conveyor is mounted, made with the possibility of feeding the botzhazhimnymi leafs of the tops to the topper removal conveyor, and equipped with plasto destroyers for soil destruction. Then the tops, without getting into the elevators and conveyors of the combine in full, will not hamper the root and root separation from the lumps of soil, while maintaining its commercial quality and will not lose its volume, rubbing on the elevators and on the rare-bar conveyor during harvesting.

A comparable analysis with the prototype shows that the claimed design of a self-propelled universal harvester for harvesting potatoes and Jerusalem artichoke differs in that a front topping mechanism is mounted in front of the receiving part of the potato harvester, on which a toggle conveyor is mounted, which is configured to feed the toggle canvases to the topper conveyor, and equipped with plasto-destructors for soil destruction at the beginning of the technological line of the root-harvesting process.

Thus, the claimed design of a self-propelled universal harvester for harvesting potatoes and Jerusalem artichoke meets the criteria of the invention of "NEW".

The prior art does not reveal a tool that is inherent in all the features of the invention, expressed by the adjusted formula, and also not identified solutions containing features that distinguish the claimed invention from the closest analogue (see Petrov G.D. Self-propelled potato harvesters KSK-4, M. , Agropromizdat, 1986, p.14-17).

Comparison of the claimed solution not only with the prototype, but also with other technical solutions in this technical field did not allow to reveal in them the features that distinguish the claimed solution from the prototype, which gives the right to conclude that the criterion is "SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCE".

Figure 1 shows a diagram of a General view of a self-propelled universal harvester for harvesting potatoes and Jerusalem artichoke - side view;

Figure 2 is a hydraulic diagram of the harvester;

Figure 3 is a drive circuit of the driving drums of the knife-cutting cloths;

Figure 4 - diagram of the front topper mechanism - top view;

Figure 5 - on the frame of the plastocracker;

Figure 6 is a diagram of the frame of the front forklift conveyor with forklift webs.

The device of a self-propelled universal harvester for harvesting potatoes and Jerusalem artichoke will look as follows.

Self-propelled universal harvester (figure 1), having a receiving part, including digging discs 1, ploughshare 2, main elevator 3, narrowing screw 4, second elevator 5, remote conveyor 6, intermediate conveyor 7, slide of the rear topping mechanism 8, rod conveyor 9 , clamping web of the rear topping mechanism 10, tuber-tear bar of the rear topping mechanism 11, bucket conveyor 12, potato hopper 13, conveyor loading hopper for tubers 14, unloading conveyor 15, skeleton of the combine 16, front top Dahl botvozazhimnym conveyor mechanism with botvozazhimayuschimi webs equipped plastorazrushitelyami consisting of a frame 17 (Figure 4) which is connected to the backbone through the harvester 16 and the articulation 18 is welded to the eyelet 16 harvester backbone 19.

Raising and lowering the frame 17 is carried out by a hydro-cylinder 20. To maintain the front topper mechanism in working position, its frame 17 is equipped with support wheels 21. Also on the frame 17 are installed: plastouche destroyers 22 with an eccentric vibrator 23, which is driven into rotation by a bevel gear 24 (Fig. 4 ) with a long shaft 25 connected via a cardan mechanism 26 to the kinematic circuit of the combine drive (not shown in the diagram), or, as an option, an eccentric vibrator 23 can be connected to the drive shaft 27, topper transport pa 28. The drive shaft 27 is rotated by a hydraulic motor 29.

Plasto-destroyer 22 is attached to the frame 17 of the front topping mechanism (Fig. 5) using eyelets 30 and a connecting pin 31 welded to it. Plasto-destroyer 22 receives oscillatory movements from an eccentric vibrator 23, mounted on the shaft 32, which enters the eye 33, of the lead 34, welded to the plastomer destroyer 22.

Botvosazhivaemye cloths 35 are installed on the botvosazhimoy conveyor of the front of the topping mechanism. The keyless conveyor is made in the form of a frame mounted on a frame 17 (Fig. 6), which consists of a drive 36 and a driven 37 drums having roller ends at the edges (which are not numbered in Fig. 3 and Fig. 6), the upper 38 and bottom 39 spacers, tuber-tear bar 40 in the form of a runner located parallel to the soil surface so that the knife-cutting canvases 35 do not slide down vertically from the drums 36 and 37, there are roller denser holders 41 on the frame so that the tops (stalks) of Jerusalem artichoke are better caught by the knife-cutting polo tnami 35, at the upper part of the driven drum 37 is installed grip 42 in the form of a rod-shaped screw. The conveyor belt of the haulm conveyor 28, as having a standard solution, is not shown in FIG. 4 so as not to cover other parts and assemblies of the front haulage mechanism, but only the drive shaft 27 and the web-supporting drum 43 at the fold of the web are shown.

The kinematic diagram of the drive of the driving drums 36 is as follows (Fig. 3): the driving drums 36, with their roller ends, enter the upper bearing assembly 44 to which the upper frame strut 38 is attached. The lower end of the drive drum 36 enters the bearing assembly (not shown in FIG.), Which is mounted on the cover 45 of the gearbox 46, which is built inside the frame 17, under the cover a rigid bevel gear 47 is mounted on the lower roller end, and its second pair is mounted on a shaft 48, which runs in the center of the gear compartment 46 and rests on the baffles 49. The shaft 48 is fixed from axial displacements by the nut 50 on one side and rigidly fixed in the hub 53 of the support wheel 21, which rotates in the thrust bearing 51, to ory closed by a cover 52. On the outer side of the hub 54. The cover 53 is closed packings are not reflected in the diagram.

Hydraulic binding of the hydraulic cylinder 20 for raising and lowering the frame 17 of the front topping mechanism and the hydraulic motor 29 for driving the drive shaft 27 of the topping conveyor 28 to the hydraulic system of the combine (Fig. 2) is performed as follows.

The hydraulic system of the harvester after connecting the hydraulic cylinder 20 and the hydraulic motor 29, the front topping mechanism with a knife-cutting blade equipped with plasto-breakers, is shown in Fig. 2 and consists of the following elements: 55 - hydraulic pump, 56 - oil reservoir, 57 - steering hydraulic pump, 58 and 59 - filters, 60 and 61 - safety valves, 62 - double-acting hydraulic cylinder, 63 - special distributor, 64 - metering pump, 65 - hydraulic distributor, 66 - unloading conveyor drive hydraulic motor 15, 67 - control hydraulic cylinder the receiving part, 68 - the hydraulic cylinder for controlling the inclined section of the unloading conveyor 15, 70 - the clutch hydraulic cylinder, 20 - the hydraulic cylinder for raising and lowering the frame 17 of the front topper removal mechanism with the anti-cutter sheets, 29 - hydraulic drive motor of the drive shaft 27 of the topping conveyor 28, 71 - the electromagnetic valve blocking the operation of the hydraulic cylinder 67, 72 - the electromagnetic valve blocking the operation of the hydraulic cylinder 20, 73 - the electromagnetic valve blocking the operation of the hydraulic motor 66, 74 - netic valve blocking operation of the hydraulic motor 29.

Solenoid valves 71, 72, 73 and 74 are controlled by starting toggle switches installed in the driver's cab on the control panel (not shown in the diagram).

From the hydraulic circuit of the harvester (figure 2) shows that the hydraulic cylinder 20 is connected in parallel with the hydraulic cylinder 67 control the receiving part. The hydraulic cylinder 20 and the hydraulic cylinder 67 are controlled by a common lever of the hydraulic distributor 65, and the hydraulic motor 29 of the drive of the drive shaft 27 of the topping conveyor 28 is connected in parallel with the hydraulic motor 66 of the drive of the unloading conveyor 15 and are also controlled by the common lever of the hydraulic distributor 65. If it is necessary to turn on the parallelized hydraulic cylinders or hydraulic motors in operation, they unlocked: by the corresponding starting toggle switch, the required electromagnetic valve from 71, 72, 73, or 74, which previously blocked the flow, opens Aslan and unlocked working body begins to act.

The work of a self-propelled universal harvester for harvesting potatoes and Jerusalem artichoke will occur as follows. The engine of the combine works, the hydraulic circuit is also included. The receiving part of the harvester and the front topping mechanism with botanically-cutting canvases, equipped with plasto destroyers, are in the raised position. The driver starts the harvester in a gon and sends it to the rows of Jerusalem artichoke. It adjusts the unloading conveyors 15 and the tops 28 for the necessary slope, includes all the mechanisms of the technological line of the root-and-root harvesting process, lowers the front top-picking mechanism with the knife-cutting blades, equipped with plasto destroyers, the receiving part of the combine and includes the necessary speed of the unit. The plastomer destroyer 22, under the action of the force of the combine harvester, is introduced under the tuberous layer and, with its vibrations received from the eccentric vibrator 23, loosens the tuberous soil layer, releasing the rhizome of the tops (stems) of Jerusalem artichoke. And at this time, its above-ground part is captured by the tops of the tops 35 and rises up along the path of the tops of the tops 35, moving along the horizontally arranged parallel tuber separation rods 40 along the gap between them, equal to the thickness of the smallest tuber that needs to be torn from the rhizome (approximately equal to 20 mm) , with them (tuber separation rods) the tops are freed from tubers. Having reached the blade support 41, located under the botanical blade 35, perpendicular to their movement, the stems are freed from tubers that remained hanging on long threads. So the tops are completely freed from tubers, even if they hung on long threads.

Released from the tubers of the tops, the tops and leaves 35 are fed to the horizontal part of the transport belt of the tops conveyor 28 (which is not conventionally shown in FIGS. 2, 4). Then the tops of the tops conveyor 28 is carried outside the front of the tops to the vehicle in the hopper for tops (not shown) or on the soil in the rolls.

Tubers of loosened tuberous rows left in the soil or on the soil after the front topper removal mechanism with botine-cutting canvases equipped with plasto-destructors are removed by the root-crop harvesting line, which has remained unchanged (see the description of the root-harvesting process in the training manual Petrova G.D. and Kareva potato E.B. combines KSK-4, M., Agropromizdat, 1986).

When switching a self-propelled universal harvester from harvesting Jerusalem artichoke to harvesting potatoes, the front topper picker with botanical harvesting cloths equipped with plastic breakers can be removed from the harvester, or you can harvest potatoes with it to improve the quality of its harvesting.

Claims (1)

A self-propelled universal potato harvester for harvesting potatoes and Jerusalem artichoke having a receiving part including digging discs, a ploughshare, a main elevator, a narrowing screw, a second elevator, a remote conveyor, an intermediate conveyor, a slide of the rear topping mechanism, a bar conveyor, a clamping blade, tuber-peel rods conveyor, hopper, unloading conveyor, characterized in that in front of its receiving part there is a front topping mechanism with the possibility of feeding they canvases on the tops of the take-out conveyor, and the front topping mechanism is equipped with horizontally located tuber-tear-off rods and plasto-destroyers.

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