RU2591455C1 - Combine for harvesting tuberous roots - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture; machine building.

SUBSTANCE: combine comprises a frame on which are mounted an oscillating ploughshare and a separator. Frame is fixed to tractor side rails and has in lower part a hinged ploughshare, connected to side pieces via a spring compensator, coupled with inclined bar conveyor, upper branch of which rests on cams. Inclined conveyor is coupled with horizontal bar conveyor, upper branch of which has eccentric shakers. End of horizontal bar conveyor is arranged in lower inner cavity of drum, having cross-bars and longitudinal bars. In upper part of bladed drum there is a sack chute for loading of tuberous roots in vehicles. In front part of tractor there is a drum cutting tool, rear upper part of which is enveloped by casing. Drum cutting tool is coupled with seed discharging transporter tops and rests on adjustable gauge wheels. Drum apparatus and shipping conveyor are mounted on pivot arm with height adjustment by hydraulic cylinder. Shipping conveyor is coupled with vehicle body. Ploughshare has two blades with sharpening angle 45…50°. Blades are undulating, wave is made along radius of circle. Blades of cutting drum to remove tops are arranged on cylindrical drum along spiral lines with installation of blades at an angle 45…50° to horizontal plane. Screw lines of cutting drum in one half have a left-sided direction, and in other half right-sided direction.

EFFECT: providing complex mechanisation of harvesting and separation of tuberous roots from tops and soil with loading of tuberous roots in vehicles.

1 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The claimed invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to machines for harvesting beets, carrots, potatoes.

A known machine for harvesting root crops, containing a frame mounted on the support wheels, carrying a two-row harvesting share, a screening bar conveyor located behind it, over which a flow guide is installed in series with an offset along the length of the conveyor, and a swather adjacent to the rear end of the bar conveyor, while guides the flow are made in the form of plates, cantileverly attached to the side walls of the frame through arched elastic brackets, and are installed on both sides along d angle to the longitudinal axis of the conveyor, and the swath is made of metal rings of different diameters, installed by overlapping rings of smaller diameter in the form of a truncated cone sliding along the axis with a cut sector facing the bar conveyor, while the rings are interconnected via common guides with the possibility of axial movement and the arcuate elastic bracket of each flow guide is equipped with an adjusting mechanism in the form of a wedge spacer element, configured to change the angle a guide to the longitudinal axis of the conveyor, the guides are telescopic sliding systems in the form of metal tubes or profiles, the working surfaces of the flow guide and the inner surface of the truncated cone are covered with elastic material (RU, utility model 122 552 U1, IPC A01D 3/00).

The disadvantages of this utility model include low operational reliability, low quality separation of root crops from the soil.

A known machine for harvesting root crops, containing a frame with support wheels, sequential ploughshare and sieve, formed from longitudinal rods, and a drive, while in order to improve the quality of the process of separating root crops from soil and the leaves of the tops, reduce traction resistance of the machine and reduce product losses during cleaning, the longitudinal rods are kinematically connected by the rear part of the drive shaft by means of eccentric pins located in antiphase relative to each other, and the front part with the longitudinal In these directions, they are mounted on an axis with rollers with the ability to reciprocate in a plane parallel to the surface of the earth, and are rigidly fixed through one with a share, and in the gap between the rods on the same drive shaft there are rigidly beater with backward curved blades, and the rods in the middle part has longitudinal cuts in which there are placed beaters with forward-curved blades, assembled in a single block on an axis receiving rotation from the same drive shaft, longitudinal rods in the rear part are bent downward at an angle Ohm, equal to the angle of rolling of root crops (RU, patent for the invention 2246199 C2, IPC A01D 15/04).

The disadvantages of this machine include the complexity of the design, low reliability, insufficiently complete separation of root crops and soil, the need for preliminary mowing of tops.

Known harvester for harvesting root crops, containing a frame resting on the chassis and carrying sequentially arranged topping device and disk digger, as well as a cleaning and conveying device and a hopper, the topping device made in the form of a rotor placed in the casing with a horizontal axis of rotation located across the harvested axis row, while the frame contains a device for mounting the combine harvester on the tractor, and the chassis is made in the form of a single support wheel located under the hopper moreover, the cleaning-transport device is made in the form of a multi-auger screw, along the generatrix of which the crate is located, while the axis of rotation of the screw is placed at an acute angle to the horizontal in a vertical plane parallel to the axis of the rotor of the topper device, and in the lead-in part of the screw, the battens are attached to the ski, made in the form of a sector relative to which with a gap of 20-50 mm, a receiving device is fixed coaxially with the screw to its turns in the form of a surface of a truncated cone, facing a smaller base to the disk vomu spherical Kopachev (RU patent 2272394 C1, A01D 27/04).

The disadvantages of this combine include the complexity of the design, low reliability, lack of the ability to completely separate root crops and soil.

A known machine for harvesting root crops, including a frame on which an oscillating ploughshare and a separator are fixed, and an oscillating ploughshare consists of a series of keys installed with a gap and inclined at an angle to the horizon with the possibility of plane-parallel oscillatory motion with an amplitude increasing from the center of the row of keys to it peripherals, with each key equipped with two adjustable eccentrics with a rear eccentric speed greater than the front one, and the front eccentric support at the mobile, and used as a separator coulter keys (RU, patent 2467548 C1, IPC A01D 17/08, A01D 15/04).

The disadvantages of this machine include the need for preliminary mowing of tops, poor quality of separation of root crops and soil, the lack of the possibility of simultaneous loading of peeled root crops in a vehicle.

This machine is accepted by us as the closest analogue.

The problem to which the invention is directed is the complete integrated mechanization of harvesting, mowing and loading tops in vehicles, the complete separation of root crops from the soil, and the loading of root crops into vehicles.

EFFECT: complex mechanization of harvesting with separation of root crops from tops and soil with loading of root crops into vehicles.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that the harvester for harvesting root crops, including a frame on which an oscillating ploughshare and a separator are fixed, according to the invention, the frame is fixed to the longitudinal side members of the tractor and has a pivotally mounted share in the lower part connected to the sidewalls through a spring compensator coupled to an inclined a bar conveyor, the upper branch of which is supported by eccentrics, an inclined bar conveyor is interfaced with a horizontal bar conveyor, the upper branch is a cat Each one has eccentric shakers, the end of the horizontal bar conveyor is located in the lower inner cavity of the drum having transverse slats and longitudinal rods, a pitched tray is provided in the upper part of the blade drum for loading root crops into vehicles, a drum cutting apparatus is installed in front of the tractor, and the rear upper part which is covered by a casing, the drum cutting apparatus is interfaced with the shipping conveyor of the tops and has a support for copy-height adjustable wheels, a drum cutting apparatus and a shipping conveyor are mounted on a hinge bracket that is height-adjustable by a hydraulic cylinder, the shipping conveyor is paired with the vehicle body, the share has two blades with an angle of sharpening of 45 ... 50 °, the blades are made wavy, the wave is made along the radius of the circle, the knives cutting drum to remove the tops are placed on a cylindrical drum along helical lines with the installation of knives at an angle of 45 ... 50 ° to the horizontal plane, while the helical lines are in one half f left-side orientation, and in the other half - right.

The analysis of the prior art by the applicant, including a search by patent and scientific and technical sources and the identification of sources containing information about analogues of the claimed invention, allowed to establish that the applicant did not find an analogue characterized by all the features of the claimed invention. Therefore, the claimed invention meets the requirement of "Novelty" under applicable law.

The invention is illustrated by drawings.

In FIG. 1 shows a harvester for harvesting root crops, side view.

In FIG. 2 is a view A in FIG. one.

In FIG. 3 is a section BB in FIG. 2.

In FIG. 4 - drum cutting apparatus, side view.

In FIG. 5 is a diagram of the placement of knives on a drum cutting apparatus (one helix on the right and left half of the knife drum is shown).

The harvester for harvesting root crops includes a self-propelled chassis T-15M gi 1, on the longitudinal side members 2 of which a frame 3 is fixed, gearboxes 4, 5 connected by a front universal joint 6.

A share 7 is articulated to the frame, the angle of inclination of which to the horizontal plane is fixed to the side member 2 with adjustable sidewalls 8. The upper part of the share 7 is coupled to an inclined rod conveyor 9, the upper branch of which is supported by an eccentric 10.

The drive of the rod conveyor 9 is made from the gearbox 4 through a chain gear 11.

The rod conveyor 9 is interfaced with the rod conveyor 12, the upper branch of which is supported by the eccentrics 13. The end of the rod conveyor 12 is placed in the inner cavity of the drum conveyor 14 having transverse slats 15 and longitudinal rods 16. A pitched tray 17 is provided at the top of the drum conveyor 14 for loading root crops into vehicles.

A drum cutting apparatus 18 is installed at the front of the self-propelled chassis, the upper back of which is enclosed by a casing 19. The drum cutting apparatus 18 is coupled to the discharge conveyor 20 and is supported by height-adjustable copy wheels 21. The drum cutting apparatus 18 and the discharge conveyor 20 are mounted on a hinge an arm 22, for adjustment of which a hydraulic cylinder 23 is provided for height. The discharge conveyor 20 is interfaced with the vehicle body 24. The ploughshare 7 has two blades with a taper angle of 45 ... 50 ° to ensure cutting of the soil with sliding. The blades 25 are made wavy, while the wave 26 is made along the radius of the circle. Knives 27 of the cutting apparatus 18 are placed on a cylindrical drum along helical lines with an installation angle of knives 40 ... 50 ° to the horizontal plane. In this case, the direction of the helical lines in the right and left half of the knife drum is oncoming.

The share 7 is pivotally connected to the sidewalls 8 through a spring compensator 28.

The harvester for harvesting root crops works as follows.

When moving on the surface of the field, the drum cutting apparatus 18 cuts the tops and directs it to the shipping conveyor, which loads the cut tops into the body 24 of a nearby vehicle. The copy wheels 21 contribute to the destruction of the upper soil layer and provide the necessary height of the tops of the cut.

The opposite direction of the helical lines on which the knives 27 of the drum cutting apparatus are located contribute to the shift of the cut tops to the middle of the cutting apparatus.

The plowshares 7 are buried below the depth of the root crops and raise the upper layer of soil.

In this case, due to the difference in soil hardness, the ploughshare vibrates, which is facilitated by a spring compensator. Waves 26 ploughshare contribute to the destruction of the upper layer of soil, and the angles of sharpening plowshares 7 provide cutting of the soil with sliding. The vibrational effect of plowshares 7 on the upper soil layer provides a decrease in traction resistance when plowshares act on the upper soil layer.

The destroyed top layer of soil together with root crops enters the inclined bar conveyor 9. Eccentrics 10 shake the upper branch of the bar conveyor 9, which ensures the separation of soil from root crops.

When moving the mixture of root crops and soil along the rod conveyor 12, the eccentrics 13 shake its branches and separate the soil from the root crops.

The final separation of root crops and soil is carried out in a drum conveyor 14, during rotation of which root crops are mixed and the remaining soil wakes up between the rods 16.

Purified root crops from the soil are raised by transverse slats 15 and fed to the ramp tray 17, which provides the loading of root crops into a nearby moving vehicle.

The use of a drum cutting apparatus 18 with a shipping conveyor, the use of a vibration share 7, the use of eccentric shakers and a drum conveyor provide the claimed technical result.

Claims (1)

Harvester for harvesting root crops, including a frame on which an oscillating ploughshare and a separator are fixed, characterized in that the frame is fixed to the longitudinal side members of the tractor and has a hinged ploughshare in the lower part connected to the sidewalls through a spring compensator coupled to an inclined bar conveyor, the upper which is supported by eccentrics, the inclined bar conveyor is interfaced with a horizontal bar conveyor, the upper branch of which has eccentric shakers, the end of the burn the on-line bar conveyor is located in the lower inner cavity of the drum having transverse bars and longitudinal rods, a ramp tray is provided in the upper part of the blade drum for loading root crops into vehicles, a drum cutting apparatus is installed in the front of the tractor, the rear upper part of which is covered by a casing, and a drum cutting the device is interfaced with a shipping conveyor of tops and has a support on the wheels of copy which are regulated on height, the drum cutting device and a shipping tra The conveyor is mounted on a hinge bracket that is height-adjustable by a hydraulic cylinder, the shipping conveyor is interfaced to the vehicle body, the share has two blades with a sharpening angle of 45 ... 50 °, the blades are made wavy, the wave is made along the radius of the circle, the knives of the cutting drum to remove the tops are placed on a cylindrical drum along helical lines with the installation of knives at an angle of 45 ... 50 ° to the horizontal plane, while the helical lines of the cutting drum in one half are left-handed, and in the other half - right-handed.

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