RU2453088C1 - Method of control soil compaction with propulsive units of agricultural tractors - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: method involves loosening the soil with front and rear rippers mounted on the frame of the tractor, and located respectively in front of and behind the propulsive units. First, the front rippers loosen the soil level that is below the stubble part of cultivated plants located in the soil. Then the front rippers loosen the soil level located next to the loosened layer and below it. The thickness of these layers, respectively, is equal to the length and half the length of the stubble part of cultivated plants located in the soil. In the edges of tracks of propulsive units of the tractor in the surface soil layer the through vertical slots are made to a depth equal to the length of the stubble part of cultivated plants located in the soil.

EFFECT: invention enables to improve the quality of loosening of compacted soil and reduce the depth of soil compaction with propulsive units of agricultural tractors.

2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, and in particular to methods of combating soil compaction by the engines of agricultural tractors.

A known method of combating soil compaction by movers of agricultural tractors [Method of combating soil compaction by movers of agricultural tractors. Patent RU No. 2268562. Publ. 01/27/2006, bull. No. 03], containing loosening the soil with rippers installed on the tractor frame behind the movers, as well as loosening the soil with rippers installed on the tractor frame in front of the movers.

The disadvantage of this method is the incomplete loosening of compacted soil due to the relatively low bearing capacity of the surface of the soil layer loosened in front of the movers. This reduces the effect of decreasing the depth of compacted soil by tractor propulsion in a known method, because soil compaction penetrates significantly below the loosened layer due to its excessive deformation.

The purpose of the invention is to improve the quality of loosening of compacted soil and reducing the depth of compaction of the soil by the movers of agricultural tractors.

The goal is achieved by the fact that the front cultivators first loosen the soil layer located below the stubble part of cultivated plants located in the soil, and then the soil layer located next to the loosened layer and below it. The thickness of the above layers, respectively, is equal to the length and half the length of the stubble part of cultivated plants located in the soil. At the same time, vertical vertical cuts are formed along the edges of the tracks of tractor movers in the surface soil layer to a depth equal to the length of the stubble part of cultivated plants located in the soil.

The claimed method can be implemented using the appropriate device.

Figure 1 shows the proposed device; figure 2 is the same, view A.

The device is made in the form of front 3 and rear rippers 4 mounted on the front 1 and rear linkages 2, equipped with support wheels 5 mounted by struts 6 on the front linkage 1 and the rear linkage 2. The linkages 1 and 2 are pivotally connected to the tractor frame 7 8 and equipped with hydraulic cylinders 9 for translating them into working and transport position.

At the upper level of the front cultivators 3 mounted forward swept pairs of flat horizontal knives 10 relative to the last, with a mortar angle that ensures cutting the soil and self-cleaning of the front cultivators 3. The front cultivators 3 are shifted down relative to the support wheels 5 to a depth of 1 ÷ 2.5 the length of the stubble of cultivated plants in the soil. Front rippers 3 are mounted on racks 11, which are made in the form of vertically arranged flat knives. The rear rippers 4 are made in the form of needle discs.

The arrow-shaped pairs of flat horizontal knives 10 and the front cultivators 3 are spaced in the direction of movement of the tractor 8 to a distance that excludes unloading, clogging of the soil of the front cultivators 3 and provides minimal soil resistance.

The method is as follows.

Hydraulic cylinders 9 front 1 and rear linkages 2 with front 3 and rear rippers 4 mounted on them, respectively, are transferred to the working position. When the agricultural tractor 8 moves, swept pairs of flat horizontal knives 10 loosen the soil layer located below the stubble of cultivated plants located in the soil. The thickness of this layer is equal to the length of the stubble part of cultivated plants located in the soil.

Then the deeper front cultivators 3 loosen the soil layer located next to the already loosened layer and below it. In this case, the thickness of the 3 layers loosened by the front cultivators is equal to half the length of the stubble part of cultivated plants located in the soil.

The racks 11 of the front cultivators 3, made in the form of flat knives, moving along the edges of the traces of the movers of the tractor 8 in the surface soil layer, form through vertical slots to a depth equal to the length of the stubble of the cultivated plants located in the soil. This keeps the surface soil layer located between the uprights 11 from destruction.

The movers of the tractor 8 load the soil, following the front cultivators 3, each resting on a loosened subsurface layer through a surface loosened, connected by plant residues. Moreover, the compaction of the soil in the subsurface layer and the depth of propagation of the compaction below this layer will be less than in the known method. This is due to the fact that in the proposed method, the weight of the tractor acts on the surface unbound loosened soil layer bound by plant residues, having an increased bearing capacity.

After the passage of the tractor 8, the rear cultivators 4 provide high-quality loosening and alignment of traces of propulsors. Clogging of the rear cultivators with plant residues is excluded due to their implementation in the form of needle discs.

After the operation of the hydraulic cylinders 9, the front 1 and rear linkages 2 with the front 3 and rear rippers 4 mounted on them, respectively, are transferred to the transport position.

Soil loosening by front cultivators in its subsurface layer makes it possible to preserve the upper (surface) non-loosened layer containing the stubble of cultivated plants. This provides increased relative to the prototype bearing capacity of the upper soil layer, because tractor movers act on a loosened layer through an un loosened soil layer connected by plant residues.

The result is less compression of the loosened soil layer by the tractor propulsion, which, accordingly, provides less soil compaction by the tractor propulsion.

The rear cultivators made in the form of needle discs after the tractor pass ensure high-quality loosening and leveling of traces of propulsors.

This together solves the task - improving the quality of loosening of compacted soil and reducing the depth of compaction of the soil by the engines of agricultural tractors.

Claims (1)

A method of controlling soil compaction by agricultural tractor movers, comprising loosening the soil by front and rear cultivators mounted on the tractor frame, located in front of the movers and behind the movers, characterized in that the front cultivators first loosen the soil layer located below the stubble part of cultivated plants located in the soil, and then a soil layer located next to the loosened layer and below it, and the thickness of these layers is respectively equal to the length and half lengths located in the soil stubble parts of cultivated plants, while at the edges of traces of tractor propellers in the surface soil layer form through vertical slots to a depth equal to the length in the soil part of the crop stubble.

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