RU2268562C2 - Method for controlling of soil compaction by agricultural tractor propellers - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture, in particular, controlling of soil compaction during performing of agricultural processes for crop cultivation.

SUBSTANCE: method involves providing strips of mellowed soil by means of mellowing devices mounted on tractor frame in front of tractor propellers during advancement of agricultural tractor. Mellowing devices following propellers mellow and level soil behind thereof.

EFFECT: reduced depth of soil compaction by tractor propellers.

1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, and in particular to methods of combating soil compaction by the engines of agricultural tractors.

Known methods / 1 /, / 2 / to combat soil compaction, compacted by the movers of agricultural tractors, comprising loosening the soil with rippers mounted on the tractor frame behind the movers.

A disadvantage of the known methods is the significant difference between the depth of the soil compacted by the movers of tractor tractors and the depth of its loosening, which impairs the growth of cultivated cultivated plants, especially with a deep root system, forced to develop in the soil layer compacted by movers. In addition, a soil layer compacted by movers over the years of operation of the soil settles and causes, as a compacted cushion, an even greater compaction of the soil located above it during subsequent passes of tractor movers. As a result, over the years, the agrotechnical properties of the soil are irreversibly reduced. Reducing the difference between the depth of compaction of the soil and the depth of cultivation by excessive destruction of the cultivators in the known methods causes a progressive (non-linear) increase in the load on the cultivators and the elements of their connection with the frame of the machine. Which, accordingly, leads to excessive massiveness of structural elements and can cause almost unacceptable energy costs with this use of known methods. A decrease in the total load on the cultivators due to their rarer installation relative to each other leads to the formation of large lumps of uncompacted soil.

A known method of loosening and closing up traces of the wheels of tractors / 3 /, comprising cutting and dumping the soil with buried dumps with plowshares mounted in front of the movers, and partial loosening of the dumped soil and dumping it back with bars with teeth mounted behind the movers, shifted relative to the latter to external to the sides.

The disadvantage of the known method / 3 / is the same as that of the above methods / 1 /, / 2 /, and quantitatively even more significant, because the tractor wheels go on a compacted sole, from which dumps with plowshares dumped the soil, so a layer of compacted soil is formed to an even lower level.

The known method / 4 / for loosening the soil with rippers installed on the tractor frame behind the movers, and knives installed in front of the rippers and also behind the movers.

The known method / 4 / reduces the clump of loosened soil, but does not reduce the depth of soil compaction by the movers of an agricultural tractor.

The objective of the invention is to reduce the depth of compaction of the soil by the movers of the agricultural tractor.

The solution to the problem is achieved by the following set of features of the proposed method. The proposed method, as well as the known one, contains loosening of compacted soil in the tracks with cultivators mounted on the tractor frame behind the movers.

In contrast to the known method, in the proposed method, the soil is also loosened with baking powder installed on the tractor frame in front of the propulsors.

The features of the proposed method and the technical result achieved are causally related as follows.

When the agricultural tractor is moving, the cultivators mounted on the tractor frame in front of the movers form strips of loosened soil in front of the movers. Then the tractor movers compact these strips, but the compaction of the soil located under the loosened strip will penetrate to a lesser depth than when the movers pass through the non-loosened strip, because part of the work of the tractor weight force transmitted through the propulsors is expended in compressing the loosened strip. Then the cultivators mounted behind the propellers loosen the soil in the tractor tracks.

At the same time, the degree of crumbling of soil compacted by movers increases due to disruption of soil bonds by cultivators installed in front of movers, which is an additional technical result of the invention.

The drawing schematically shows the installation on an agricultural tractor of cultivators used to implement the method.

In front of the propulsors 2 of the tractor 3, the subsurface cultivators 4 are installed by means of an attachment device 6.

Behind the movers 2 of the tractor 3, the rip-off cultivators 1 are installed by means of the attachment 5. The attachments 5 and 6 with the frame of the tractor 3 are hinged and equipped with hydraulic cylinders 7 for lifting the attachments.

On the mounted devices 5 and 6, support wheels 8 are installed, equipped with adjusting nuts 9, screwed onto the struts 10 of the wheels.

The method is as follows. When the tractor 3 moves, the cultivators 4 form in front of the tractor movers 2 strips of loosened soil. Movers 2 compact these strips, but compaction of the soil located under the loosened strip will penetrate to a lesser depth than when movers pass through uncleared soil, because part of the work of the tractor’s weight force transmitted through propulsors is expended in compressing the soil of the loosened strip. Then the rippers 1 located behind the movers 2 loosen the strips sealed by the movers. At the same time, cultivators 4, breaking ties in the soil, increase the degree of crumbling of the soil with cultivators 1.

The depth of cultivation by cultivators 1 and cultivators 4 is set by means of adjusting nuts 9 of the support wheels 8. The method reduces the penetration depth of the soil layer compacted by the propellers of the machine, increases the degree of crumbling, is applicable for harrowing, cultivation, rolling, sowing.

Bibliographic data

1. USSR author's certificate No. 1029842, cl. A 01 B 37/00, 1983.

2. USSR author's certificate No. 1093271, cl. A 01 B 37/00, 1984.

3. Copyright certificate of the USSR No. 544577, cl. A 01 B 37/00, 1977.

4. RF patent No. 2142681, cl. A 01 B 37/00, 1999 (prototype).

Claims (1)

A method of combating soil compaction with agricultural tractor movers, comprising loosening the soil with cultivators mounted on the tractor frame behind the movers, characterized in that the soil is also loosened with cultivators mounted on the tractor frame in front of the movers.