RU2447285C1 - Continuous drill and blast method to produce minerals in spiral entries by non-filling devices - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mining.

SUBSTANCE: method to produce a mineral is carried out by continuous grinding of ore by the continuous drill and blast method in stepped spiral entries with subsequent withdrawal of the mineral. The tunnelling cycle of a drill and blast tunnel is carried out from a finished entry with a previous turn to the side of future tunnelling of this entry by means of serial operations of the drill and blast method, as spiral entries advance, with completion of a tunnelling operation within a complete turn by transfer of blasted rock, where blasting took place at considerable distance into a released space with continuous extraction of the mineral.

EFFECT: increased efficiency, reduced prime cost in production of minerals, higher safety.

5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the mining industry, relates to a method for mining, devices for its execution, mining safety and can be used in coal and other mining industries.

With any method of extracting solid minerals from the bowels of the earth, they, together with the covering or opening rocks of the mine workings, are previously destroyed for the possibility of movement.

The main economical way of this crushing of minerals and rock of mine workings is a blasting method, which includes sequentially drilling wells or holes, loading them with explosive material, blasting with crushing, and then transporting the broken rock or mineral from the face with multiple repetitions of this sinking cycle.

Each process of this method has its own various technological features both in terms of duration and type of mechanisms used:

- drilling of wells and boreholes is carried out by drilling rigs with the possibility of movement to the face and along the face;

- the process of loading wells is accompanied by the need to deliver explosives to the place of laying and the free area of the face without drilling rigs;

- explosive blasting requires removal from the face to a safe distance of the mechanisms and equipment, maintenance personnel, followed by ventilation;

- sorting with loading and transportation of blasted rock, minerals is carried out using loading and transport machines, also requires free access to the face, the change of which makes it difficult to organize an effective continuous flow method of drilling and blasting.

In open pits, mineral extraction with its full extraction is carried out by continuous grinding using the blasting method of the entire allocated volume in parts from a horizontal external surface for the convenience of drilling and loading operations with it and face mining, access roads to which have direct or spiral ramps from technological roads, also performed in a straight, curve, serpentine or spiral pattern, limited by the inclined sides of the mine (1. Potapov MG Quarry transport. Mineral resources. 1985, p. 124).

High productivity and low cost is ensured, along with the use of a large unit capacity, the continuity of drilling and blasting operations, due to the large territory with the creation of a wide front of operations and the alternation of production processes on it. Nevertheless, mining operations are suspended for the time of relocation of equipment, rock explosion and minerals (2. Kilyachkov AP Mining. Nedra, 1989, p.231).

In case of loss of profitability due to the increasing volume of the moving rock mass and the shoulder of the transport component, they switch to the underground mining method, the mine workings of which have limited space with their long lengths, which make it difficult to maneuver special machines with the creation of a wide front of operations, therefore operations (drilling holes, loading holes, blasting explosives, ventilating and bringing the face to a safe state, loading and transporting rock, erecting a permanent roof support, etc.) Slaughtering technologies are being driven alternately, which accounts for one of the main reasons for the low productivity of limited underground mining and the high cost of production with incomplete extraction of minerals (3. Petrov A.I. Mining walker. Subsoil. 1991, p. 48 )

In coal mines, blasting in mines involves a risk of an outbreak of methane and coal dust, ignition of coal seams, and costly safety measures increase the cost of production and do not exclude such accidents, because explosive or mechanical breaking of coal with intense methane emission and formation of coal dust in any case is carried out directly in the open space of the mine.

There are known complexes for continuous mining operations with mechanisms and equipment installed on it, continuously breaking the rock or mineral from the bottom throughout the production cross section mechanically, which is less productive than mechanical drilling of wells of significantly smaller size with the subsequent destruction of the remaining massif by an explosion, with continuous loading of broken rock and mineral from slaughter through itself into vehicles located at the back, whose work is cyclical due to of the place of unloading of a mineral or rock, which makes the work of the whole complex unproductive (3. p. 48).

There is a known method of mining, carried out by one inclined mine working, consisting of a stepped series of interconnected horizontal workings (chambers) by continuous crushing of the developed mass using the blasting method, followed by sorting and transportation.

The advantage over the open method is the reduction of the transport component to the size of horizontal chambers and the total inclined output.

The disadvantage is the low productivity of the cyclic movement of the faces of the horizontal workings into the developed array by the blasting method, consisting of several successive operations with the corresponding suspension of the advancement of the faces, of which the most problematic is the explosive breaking of the rock or mineral, requiring increased safety measures due to the proximity of the faces and insignificant charge power and the corresponding slight advancement of the face for one sinking cycle (4. RU 2367793 C1, 5. RU 2367794 C1).

The purpose of the invention is to increase productivity and reduce costs in mining operations by continuous continuous flowing the most productive drilling and blasting tunneling method with increased safety by the absence of explosive breaking of the developed array in the cavity of the mine working and in the area where people and devices are located.

To achieve this goal, it is enough to change the direction of movement of the horizontal mine working and direct it not directly to the developed array, but to move along the developed array in spirals along previously previously loosened continuous explosive blasting of the mine working, in this case, the front of the tunneling works will be split using a drilling and blasting method in space when they are carried out at a time with continuous progression, infinite along the selected field, along the array:

- drilling of wells or pits is carried out horizontally to the side of the future mining, in contrast to vertical drilling from above with the open method or horizontal drilling into the butt with the underground method, i.e. the drilling process is transferred to the third angular side, which practically does not change the conditions;

- charges are put into wells at the same time as drilling works as the development progresses and the front of work is freed from the previous drilling operation, while when conducting mining at the bottom, it is necessary to change equipment with an increase in productivity;

- the process of blasting with breaking the rock and with the formation of a new mine is carried out with sufficient advancement of the mine, such as the removal of the equipment of the previous processes from the face to a safe distance at the end face of the mine, but without stopping the drilling processes and their charging;

- the process of preparing a new front for drilling and blasting operations is carried out by moving the blasted rock to the drilled mine with cleaning and exposing the sides of the new mine also at a sufficient safe distance from the place of explosive blasting without interrupting previous processes in the same way as the rock is transshipped from the new mine to the worked one with simultaneous reclamation with the open method of mining, but at a much shorter distance by adjoining the workings of a much smaller size.

A continuous sinking cycle is carried out sequentially simultaneously with the formation of the mine working by explosive blasting with pre-stacked charges from the positions of another passed with a sequential round-shift transition of one mine to another and has an adjacent character for the continuity of the work being carried out, therefore, the adjacent sides of the passed and formed mining are common throughout the cycle , the trajectory of which is a tightly compressed spiral spring or several springs with their placement between two turns, and they can be either curvilinear or rectilinear (6. Skorokhodov EA General Technical Reference. Mechanical Engineering, 1990, p. 45, 46) and have no end or beginning in the allotted field, in contrast to the development of parts with the completion of work at the end and their resumption at the beginning of each block.

When mining the horizon, the lower one, which is located under the bulk rock of the previous passages, with the need to leave a safety pillar, as in underground mining, from which it is problematic to extract minerals, is worked out, therefore it is more efficient to mine the deposit immediately to the entire depth of the mineral or in large parts.

The described continuous method of a driving cycle is capable of developing stepwise methods of mining, disclosed in the description of the inventions in RU 2367793 C1 and RU 2367794 C1 (4 and 5), where they change the direction of advancement of a number of horizontal step workings, limited on one side by a bulk dump, and on the other hand, by the stepped massif under development, also in a horizontal spiral, as well as the single mine described above with the necessary additional requirement that each higher mine not fall asleep izhestoyaschuyu not only on the part of the blade, but also on ways to promote developments with the implementation of uninterrupted driving cycle synchronously this series:

- wells or pits are drilled into the sides of the newly formed step workings as they are exposed by drilling rigs from a number of devices, where each is protected by a higher one with overlap by the amount of slope of the loosened rock taking into account the total slope of the step workings and the blade, which limits the height of the sides ;

- the laying of charges with remote blasting is carried out in the finished wells from the advancement device without interrupting the drilling process, and the delivery of charges to the place of laying is carried out independently through the general inclined production;

- the blasting process with the formation of a new mine takes place with a sufficient distance of devices from this place with a reserve of time for any possible order of blasting of unlimited volume and size during the ongoing process of drilling wells and laying charges in them, whereas in the open method for the duration of the blast due to In open space, other work is suspended with the removal of equipment and machines of other processes to a safe distance, and with the underground method, the release of bottom hole space with by drilling and blasting operations of other processes, and in the proposed embodiment, the explosion occurs in the environment of previously broken rock, which prevents the propagation of the blast wave and flying pieces of rock, and in coal mines additionally spreads methane and coal dust through the mine, while simultaneously blocking air access to coal, which completely prevents the possibility of an outbreak of methane and coal dust without fire safety measures (preliminary degassing of formations, ventilation, dust suppression, etc.) that do not guarantee approved accidents, and even the forced or sudden burst of methane released and coal dust from exploding subsequent charges at this safe distance in an enclosed space, as well as to prevent methane from spreading through the upper and lower openings, is completely beneficial and safe, to ensure they do not fall into work areas;

- reloading the chipped rock from the mine to the dump with re-filling it with the formation of supporting sites allows the side of the dump to be opposite from the direction of movement and does not allow lateral support to avoid jamming of the device and occurs in parallel without stopping the previous three consecutive drilling and blasting operations, t. to. the front of drilling and laying operations is located on the adjacent side and is freed up as this process of releasing the development and advancement of the device is completed, in contrast to the mandatory completion of the release of the face and bottom hole for the resumption of drilling operations.

The devices are promoted along the loose rock by transferring it from the side or bottom of the blasted rock, the slope of which should not fill the device through itself into the resulting lower dump of the cleared space, the slope angle of which should also not fill the device due to overlap, so the upper device should overlap lower with a possible backfill blade rear fencing shield with the simultaneous requirement of a wide front of work on both sides with a minimum transport distance Phenomenon, while direct passage of the stepped row through the developed array, the overlap is required only from the side, which is carried out by the stepwise displacement of the devices along the ledges of the blade, therefore, this form of overlap is required so that it overlaps immediately from three sides.

On the side of the device, they lean on the supporting platforms of the ledges of the previously formed blade with the previous turn, giving it an inclined side with a safe slope angle, and the action of the side of the ledge in case of accidental sliding should act as small as possible with the creation of less pressure to avoid falling asleep and jamming of devices, t .to. the pressure will act across the movement, unlike the prototype, moving between the vertical sides of the solid array and the protective side shields of devices that do not touch the side sides of the horizontal workings and where the angle of inclination of the total inclined workout can be less than the safe slope angle due to possible backfill in the direction of movement, while in the proposed embodiment, this total angle cannot exceed the safe angle of inclination of the side by displacing it on each supporting platform with the same ozhnym overpressure during the movement.

If during direct dead-end penetration of the array of the device, they abutted to the bottom in order to prevent falling asleep of the bottomhole site, then in the proposed embodiment, on the contrary, the devices on the other side should not be in contact with the array being developed for promotion, which is quite feasible, because explosive blasting with the formation of a mine happened long ago and at a sufficient distance with the acquisition of a roof and sides of a stable position.

At the same time, two operations of a sinking cycle are performed in the side of the future development - drilling wells and laying charges, therefore, the length of the device in this section should be longer to conduct these operations together than when sequentially performing these operations in a dead end of an underground mine.

With a stepwise arrangement of devices, the upper one should overlap the lower one taking into account the slope angles of the sides of the loosened mass, in contrast to the vertical sides of the undestroyed massif, the collapse of which is unlikely, because their sizes are commensurate with the dimensions of the vertical face and with which they do not carry out any operations, and in order to avoid accidental spilling of rock from the upper device, the sides of the device should be parallel to the sides of the excavation that, when mutually parallel offset, do not overlap each other by the angle of repose, like the back sides, therefore, the sides of the proposed device should occupy an intermediate position between the parallel sides and the rear perpendicular side.

These requirements are met by devices of a triangular or trapezoidal shape in the horizontal plane, moreover, isosceles or without sides at right angles to the direction of advancement, because in this case, the stepwise displacement of the devices on this side will not cause an increase in the overlap of the downstream one, where the reduced mold area compared to the rectangular one is compensated by an increase in the length of three sides with an extension of the front of the work performed and a decrease in the length from the side of the dump blade, which reduces the transport distance and reduces the probable pressure from him, while with a direct pass, the side of the support blade is the working area with which it is being formed, and therefore the direct use of step poison device designed to conduct a deadlock, not workable for the conduct of mining spiral.

The increased length of the sides leading the face and the dump allows you to increase the front of operations with an increase in productivity and an increase in the cross section of the mine working by forming it outside the devices with the possibility of explosive phased formation of the required profile and volume, as happens when maintaining a dead end with a delay or sequence of blasting of different the power of charges limited to the working zone of the bottomhole section and the sequence of mining operations.

The general inclined working along with the horizontal ones moves in the array as it is worked out, and if there are no problems with its direct exit to the surface, then with underground continuous mining there is a need to build a round working, which moved along with the inclined and had access to the surface, which It is carried out by advanced penetration of the upper and lower horizontal workings without falling asleep, which are connected to previously laid horizontal workings laid by a drillman in a new way with deadlock.

The development of an array with a mining of minerals can be carried out both by one spiral horizontal excavation, and several parallel spiral horizontal excavations with an increase in power, where the devices conduct a continuous drilling and blasting cycle paired with the device of an adjacent coil of parallel spiral excavation after it, provided that the explosive breaking of rock of several workings are carried out between them at a sufficient distance and will not cause emergency situations and will not reduce security.

The further essence of the method with a device for its implementation is explained using the drawings, where:

figure 1 - spiral mining and a stepped row of devices of non-filled shape across the advancement;

figure 2 is a view along the progress;

figure 3 is a top view with the shape of the device;

figure 4 is a schematic diagram of a method;

figure 5 is a General view of the workings in the mine.

A stepped series of devices 1 (Figs. 1, 2, 3 — rectangular projections) in horizontal spiral workings 2 with a set of mining machines and drilling and blasting equipment, including drilling 3 and charging units 4, loading 5 and transport 6 devices, is located in the mine workings 2 between the vertical side 7 under the back ledges 8 of the developed array 9, under which there are movable shield ceilings 10, fixed to the wide side 11 of the device 1, which also has bores at the vertical side 7 of the array 9 3 and charging installations 4, and a bulk dump 12 with a support of sliding supports 13 to the supporting platforms of the formed ledge 14, the slope angle 15 of the side 16 of which does not fall on the lower-formed ledges 14 of the lower devices 1, on the supporting platforms of which through the intermediate supporting racks 17 of the lower devices 1 relate superior with the possibility of relative movement between themselves, where from the smaller side 18 under the devices 1 above the side 16 of the ledge 14 are installed transport devices 6 drilling and blasting cycle.

The upper device 19 of the upper output 20 of the stepped row is movable relative to the roof 21 of the protective layer 22 of the array 9 of the upper spiral output 20 by applying hydraulic struts 23 and carrying out ceiling drilling and loading operations with the expansion of the development zone and leaving a parallel spiral unfilled mine output 24 or has direct access to the surface.

The lower device 25 of the lower spiral mine 26 of the stepped row is made with the possibility of expanding the front of work for conducting parallel spiral non-fill mine workings 27 under the developed array 9.

On the front side 28, in the direction of the stepped row of devices 1, 19, and 25 along the turn, there are blockages of blasted rock 29 and mineral 30, the triangular or trapezoidal shape of the floors of devices 1, 19, and 25 of which, when they are mutually displaced, overlap each other by the value of the slope angle 15 reloaded rock 29 from the front side 28 to the blade 12.

Extraction of mineral 30 is carried out through a common inclined mine.

The development of the field begins with the initial mining operations from an inclined stepped helical direction in descending or ascending order, and horizontal spiral workings from the central part or from the perimeter of the field are led to a predetermined depth.

The operation of the method is demonstrated by visual isometric images of figures 4 and 5.

Drilling rigs 3 drill horizontal wells 31 to a depth of the future development 32 of the future turn, which is equal to the effective width of the devices 1 into the array under development 9, followed by the installation of charges 33 with a remote fuse with an endless repetition of processes along a developed array 9 along a spiral path 34 together with devices 1, which are promoted as rock 29 is transported by loading 5 and transport 6 devices to dump 12 with the supply of mineral 30 through a common pubic, wherein the lower and upper wells 31 are made in the blank excavations 24 and 27 and the vertical hole 31 - in the safety layer 22 array 9.

With a sufficient distance of devices 1, 19 and 25 from the place of laying charges 33, they are activated remotely with breaking the rock and the formation of a new spiral output 2, 20 or 26 and a new side surface of the developed array 9, into which, after exposing the device from its platform, they will be made again drilling and backfilling during continuous transfer blown up by a previous or forward walking passage in a spiral through the device with the release of this formed mine with its subsequent re-filling is already empty breed 29 minutes with extraction of minerals 30, while the waste rock 29 shortage is taken from the previous spiral blade 12 passes.

After mining the upper horizons of the field, they switch to the lower horizons with the construction or deepening of mine shafts 35 and 36 and new horizontal workings 37 and 38, which are connected to the spiral workings 20 and 27, laid respectively by the upper and lower devices 19 and 25 of the stepped row, with the upper horizontal spiral mine 20 is laid under the protective layer 22 of array 9, which is subsequently destroyed along with the explosive formation of the remaining mine workings, and the lower 38 is connected to a spiral mountain work 26, laid under the charged array 9 prepared for the explosion, therefore, before mining, this mine 26 is transferred further under the array 9 by advanced blasting with the formation of a new cavity of this mine by moving the blasted rock 29 into the cavity of the previous spiral excavation of the previous turn under the charged array 9 with the subsequent blasting it, in which there will not be falling asleep of the spiral lower working 27 with a simultaneous increase in its length while reducing the direct horizontal working and 38 to the width of the mine with preservation of the two-way exit from the general inclined mine and the stepped row of devices 1, 19, and 25, thus leading spiral adjoining horizontal mine workings 2, 20, and 26 with an infinite continuation of turns - in a continuous efficient safe drilling and blasting method, which will ensure complete mining 30, as in the open method, but more efficiently and save more than one mining life.

Information sources

1. Potapov M.G. Career transport. Bosom. 1985

2. Kilyachkov A.P. Mining engineering. Nedra, 1989

3. Petrov A.I. Mine walker. Bosom. 1991 year

4. RU 2367793 C1 - prototype.

5. RU 2367794 C1.

6. Skorokhodov EA General technical reference book. Engineering, 1990

Claims (1)

A method of mining, carried out through an inclined step mining working as a result of the transfer of rock crushed by drilling and blasting under an undestroyed rock mass into the liberated space of horizontal workings as they move to form a dump of rock mass, the formed steps of which serve as a reference platform for mining devices made with the possibility of horizontal mobility between each other and communication between themselves in a vertical plane with mechanisms and machines mi drilling and blasting cycles of mining, characterized in that the development of the field is carried out by continuous grinding by continuous cycles of the blasting method of spiral-stepped mine workings, limited on one side by the rock mass of the previous turn, on the opposite side by the side of the developed massif of the future turn, from the adjacent sides loosened rock with minerals and dump with the formation of the next round by conducting operations of drilling wells in the side of the developed array with after by installing charges in them as the spiral mine moves along the exposed side of the mine by transferring the blasted rock with the charges of the previous pass to the vacant space with mineral extraction and further moving away from the place of explosive rock breaking with continuous repetition of drilling and blasting operations in spiral-stepped workings, drilling and loading of wells is carried out using drilling and blasting equipment and machines installed on the wide side of each device, adjacent to the developed array, with a support on the opposite side of the rock mass blade stage preceding turn or passing, the upper device is adapted to the shifting relative to the roof, and the lower device is adapted to expand the work front.

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