RU2471988C1 - Method for combined mining of fields - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mining.

SUBSTANCE: method includes opening of a field with underground mines, developing some resources by open mining operations, transport of ore along underground mines of underlying horizon with its delivery to the surface. To mine ore resources under a pit on a transport horizon exit mines are tunnelled, and resources are broken off by layers in an ascending order. From vertical wells into each layer side horizontal or inclined shafts are drilled, and explosive charges are placed into them, which are drilled from the bottom or ledges of the pit. A flexible cover is placed onto the pit bottom upon completion of open mining works.

EFFECT: invention makes it possible to increase efficiency and to enhance safety of mining operations when finishing the underground part of the field.

6 cl, 6 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the mining industry and can be used in the combined development of deposits of kimberlite pipes in deep quarries.

There is a method of combined development of deposits, which consists in the simultaneous or sequential mining of deposits by open and underground methods (Kaplunov DR, Kalmykov VN, Rylnikova MV Combined geotechnology. M.: Publishing House "Ore and Metals", 2003, p. 230).

The disadvantage of this method is the need to leave for a long time significant ore reserves in the quarry pillar, as well as a number of restrictions on the choice of development systems for the underground part of the deposit, due to the accumulation of significant volumes of fluids in the space of the worked quarry.

A known method of the combined development of mineral deposits (patent RU No. 2331767, publ. 20.08.2008). The method includes opening the horizons of the quarry, maintaining open to the maximum depth and underground work, transporting the rock mass through transport berms and underground transport workings. The side of the quarry below the depth with which the combined refinement is being conducted is formed without transport berms. Transportation in the combined refinement area is initially carried out at temporary exits, which then pay off and transport the rock mass through underground mine workings. Underground transport workings are held until the beginning of the repayment of temporary exits.

The disadvantage of this method is the need to leave for a long time significant ore reserves in the quarry pillar, as well as a number of restrictions on the choice of development systems for the underground part of the deposit, due to the accumulation of significant volumes of fluids in the space of the worked quarry.

There is a method of mining the transition zone during open-underground mining of mineral deposits (patent RU No. 2360113, publ. 27.06.2009). The method consists in dividing the field’s section into poles, excavating these poles by falling under the protection of the production faces by overlapping a special structure (shield), lowering, following the movement of the face, constructing a “wall in the ground” at the boundary between the spent and to be worked out columns, replacing the pillar between pillars from minerals, flooring at the bottom of the quarry over the spent column of a metal mesh, feeding through it into the worked-out space of the rock formed during the extraction of minerals in an open way bom, with the addition of local binders.

The disadvantage of this method is the need to leave for a long time significant ore reserves in the quarry pillar, as well as a number of restrictions on the choice of development systems for the underground part of the deposit, due to the accumulation of significant volumes of fluids in the space of the worked quarry.

A known method of the combined development of kimberlite pipes (patent RU No. 2386812, publ. 04/20/2010). At the 1st stage, the reserves of the pipe are opened, the surface part of the pipe socket is removed by open cast mining, and a near-surface enclosing artificial massif is formed by the method of layer-by-layer filling in the worked out space. At the 2nd stage, reserves are mined under his protection by dividing the ore body part being machined vertically into mining units by horizontal artificial enclosing massifs, constructing vertical artificial enclosing massifs along their outer contour, and excavating the reserves of treatment blocks by known geotechnologies. At the 3rd stage, the reserves of the conical part of the bell are worked out. With insufficient stability of the ore mass within the socket, the second and third stages are interchanged in time and first the conical part of the reserves of the socket is worked out, and then its cylindrical part.

The disadvantage of this method is the need to leave for a long time significant ore reserves in the quarry pillar, as well as a number of restrictions on the choice of development systems for the underground part of the deposit, due to the accumulation of significant volumes of fluids in the space of the worked quarry.

A known method of combined development of mineral deposits (patent RU No. 2400625, publ. 09/27/2010). The method includes opening the open pit horizons, simultaneously conducting open pit mining and underground mining, deepening the pit to the maximum depth, transporting the rock mass through transport berms and underground transport workings. At the same time, an airtight pillow is created at the bottom of the quarry and overburden is poured over the quarry, after which a barrier waterproofing artificial pillar and two reinforcing artificial pillars are created. Moreover, in the center of the ore body there is a car slope for moving self-propelled equipment and transporting goods. Also, within each of the reinforcing artificial pillars there are ore passages that have failures with auto-deviation.

The disadvantage of this method is the need to leave for a long time significant ore reserves in the quarry pillar, as well as a number of restrictions on the choice of development systems for the underground part of the deposit, due to the accumulation of significant volumes of fluids in the space of the worked quarry.

There is a method of combined field development RB Yuna, adopted as a prototype (patent RU No. 2132950, publ. 10.07.1999). The method involves the opening of a deposit by underground mines, development of the main reserves by open cast mining with the formation of safety berms on the ledges of the quarry. In terms of reserves, each horizon is mined by blasting downhill wells in the direction of the sides of the quarry with the formation of safety prisms at its design contour, which are blasted at the final stage of work on the horizon with the formation of a vertical or close to vertical slope within the horizon. The beaten-off rock mass from the destruction of the safety prisms is transferred to the underground transport workings of the underlying horizon, and then removed to the surface. The rocks of the marginal massif are reinforced by injection and / or installation of previously directed anchors.

The disadvantage of this method is the low productivity and the risk of mining during mining of the underground part of the field, due to the accumulation of significant volumes of fluids in the space of the spent quarry.

The technical result of the invention is to increase productivity and increase the safety of mining during the completion of the underground part of the field.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in the method of combined development of deposits, including opening a deposit by underground workings, mining part of the reserves by open cast mining, transporting ore through underground workings of the underlying horizon and delivering it to the surface, according to the invention, for mining ore reserves under a quarry on the transport horizon, production output, and the breakdown of reserves is carried out in layers in an ascending order, lateral horizontal or horizontal wells are drilled from vertical wells into each layer inclined trunks and place explosive charges in them, which are drilled from the bottom or ledges of the quarry, and a flexible overlap is laid on the bottom of the quarry after completion of open pit mining.

Lateral horizontal shafts of vertical wells can be made parallel to each other and drilled from several vertical wells.

Lateral horizontal shafts of vertical wells can be made radially directed and drilled from one vertical well.

Lateral inclined shafts of vertical wells can be made parallel to each other and drilled from several vertical wells.

Lateral inclined shafts of vertical wells can be made radially directed and drilled from one vertical well.

If necessary, the lateral horizontal trunks of vertical wells can be fastened with pipes of easily destructible material.

The method of combined field development is illustrated by schemes (for example, a kimberlite pipe): Fig. 1 shows a vertical section of a kimberlite pipe when drilling vertical wells and lateral horizontal well bores from the side of the quarry; Fig. 2 shows a horizontal section along line AA during side drilling horizontal shafts from one vertical well, FIG. 3 shows a horizontal section along the line AA when drilling horizontal lateral shafts from several vertical wells, FIG. 4 shows a vertical section cut of a kimberlite pipe when drilling side inclined boreholes from the bottom of the quarry, figure 5 shows a horizontal section along the BB line when drilling side inclined shafts from several vertical wells, figure 6 shows a horizontal section along the BB line when drilling side deviated shafts from one vertical well, where:

1 - kimberlite pipe;

2 - sides of the quarry;

3 - vertical opening workings;

4 - underground workings of the transport horizon;

5 - vertical trunks (trunk) of wells drilled from the side of the quarry;

6 - lateral horizontal or inclined trunks of vertical wells 5;

7 - direction of mining ore reserves under the quarry.

Mining ore reserves under open pits is a difficult task from the point of view of mining safety due to the accumulation of significant fluid reserves in the mining space, which leads to a significant increase in the cost of ore mined and a sharp decrease in work productivity. To increase productivity and safety of work, drilling of blast hole layers can be carried out from the surface, and for loading and transport operations on the underlying horizon, use self-propelled equipment with remote control. Also, video surveillance systems and seismic and geomechanical monitoring are installed on the underlying (transport) horizon. Thus, the risk of creating emergencies with the presence of people will be practically eliminated. At the same time, the productivity of mining the ore body reserves sharply increases with a reduction in cost due to the absence of the need for mandatory laying work under the bottom of the quarry. Moreover, after mining ore reserves under the quarry, the empty space will be filled with rock mass due to the displacement and collapse of the quarry sides. Conducting mining operations in ascending order ensures minimal water inflow from the quarry, as until the upper part of the quarry reserves is broken, the whole ore will remain between the quarry and the underground mine. To increase the safety of mining operations after the end of opencast mining, a flexible ceiling can be laid on the bottom of the quarry (not shown conditionally in the drawing).

The method of combined field development is as follows. A deposit is opened, for example, a kimberlite pipe 1 with vertical opening workings 3 and underground workings of the transport horizon 4. It is mined by open cast mining with the formation of safety berms on the ledges of opencast mine 2. If necessary, ore is passed through ore passages (not shown conventionally in the drawing) to underground workings of the transport horizon 4 with issuance to the surface by vertical openings 3. After mining of the deposit 1 is completed by quarry 2, ore reserves are mined for them. To do this, on the underlying (transport) horizon 4 there are production developments, for example, trenches or funnels for self-propelled equipment (not shown conditionally). For loading and delivery of ore you can use self-propelled loading and delivery machines with remote control (not conventionally shown in the drawing). The ore is broken off in layers by placing explosive charges in lateral horizontal or inclined shafts of 6 vertical wells 5. Moreover, these wells 5 are drilled from one of the lower stable ledges of the quarry or from the bottom of the quarry. Lateral horizontal or inclined shafts 6 are drilled in layers on a certain grid from several vertical wells 5 with a parallel arrangement in a horizontal plane or from one vertical well 5 with a radial arrangement in one plane. The drilling grid and vertical distance are determined experimentally, experimentally, or analytically, taking into account the physical and mechanical properties of the ore. Lateral horizontal or inclined shafts 6 of wells 5 and are charged with explosive only within the ore body. The ore reserves are broken in layers in ascending order (7). After the completion of open pit mining, it is possible to lay the flexible overlap at the bottom of the quarry, necessary for partial containment of fluids (quicksanding) during the development of deep horizons. If necessary, the lateral horizontal or inclined trunks 6 are fixed by installing pipes of easily destructible material, for example, polymers. As a flexible floor, you can use both a metal netting and a polymer net, and a tarpaulin, depending on the loading conditions of the floor.

The use of this method of combined field development provides the following advantages:

- productivity increase;

- improving the safety of mining operations when finalizing underground deposits.

Claims (6)

1. A method of combined development of deposits, including opening a deposit by underground workings, mining part of the reserves by open cast mining, transporting ore through underground workings of the underlying horizon and delivering it to the surface, characterized in that for the mining of ore reserves under a quarry, production workings are carried out at the transport horizon, and reserves are blasted in layers in ascending order, from horizontal wells horizontal and inclined sidetracks are drilled into each layer and explosive charges are placed in them aPTT substances that are drilled from the bottom of the quarry, or ledges, and on the bottom of the pit after conducting open pit mining flexible plank floor. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the lateral horizontal trunks of vertical wells in the layer are parallel to each other and are drilled from several vertical wells. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the lateral horizontal trunks of vertical wells in the layer are made radially directed and drilled from one vertical well. 4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the side inclined shafts of vertical wells in the layer are parallel to each other and are drilled from several vertical wells. 5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the side inclined shafts of vertical wells in the layer are made radially directed and drilled from one vertical well. 6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the lateral horizontal trunks of vertical wells are fixed with pipes of readily destructible material.

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