RU2445220C2 - Rack car with support platforms moving between transporting position and position of motion between cars, and train consisting of said cars - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: transport.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to rack cars. Car or car part with swinging devices 2 and 3 comprises top and bottom bearing platforms 9 and 10, respectively, to make top and bottom floors to carry vehicles that may displace vertically, or have their section displacing, between transportation position and that of loading/unloading and visa versa so that, in loading/unloading position, at least bottom bearing platform 9 makes transit passage between cars for carried vehicle. Bottom bearing platform 10 is subdivided into, at least, two bottom end parts 12 and 13, each being arranged above aforesaid swinging devices 2 and 3, and central part 11 that moves vertically. Mechanical linkage between swinging devices 2 and 3 is made up of coupling structure consisting of bearing railroad structure 14 moving vertically or detachable from car chassis. Composite car consists of two railroad complexes resting on common swinging device. Train consists of above described cars.

EFFECT: simplified loading/unloading.

17 cl, 19 dwg

Description

The present invention relates to rolling stock, in particular to a wagon for the railway transportation of road vehicles.

The invention also relates to the composition of wagons forming a train for the railway transportation of road vehicles with two planes of car entry to their place of transportation during loading and unloading, and these two planes become reference planes during transportation.

Railway transportation of road cars to two floors is carried out mainly by wagons with two fixed loading planes, with each car being brought by the driver to his place of transportation. To this end, we studied the design of the car, not hindering the opening of doors, namely the driver’s door.

Due to railway restrictions, it is not possible to transport cars with a single interior space or small trucks on ordinary cars with fixed loading planes or those where only one of the two planes is movable.

There are, of course, wagons with lower ground clearance, providing a lower level of two-story ceilings, which allows you to win ten and even twenty centimeters of usable height to load cars of several larger sizes.

Unfortunately, this advantage is associated with various inconveniences that make this option substantially less interesting.

We are talking, in particular, about dimensional restrictions that do not allow cars with a single internal space or small utility vehicles: vans and light trucks.

There are also cars with two fixed floors, which have a lower fixed floor in the lower floor. This configuration allows cars of larger sizes to be taken to the lower floor, but, unfortunately, to the detriment of the upper floor. The consequence of this is heterogeneous loading, when cars with a single space are loaded onto one plane, and smaller cars onto the other plane, which rarely suits car manufacturers and sellers.

This possibility is provided by inclined entry platforms and transition to elevated areas, for example, via jumps at the level of the wagon trolley. The result is not only increased labor intensity and a slowdown in the operations of installing cars in place and their evacuation, but also a real security risk and risk of damage to the lower body elements for cars with low ground clearance or with a ledge or spoiler in front. Indeed, these cars can not overcome too short platforms or with a large inclination without flawed contact. The dimensional limitations of these wagons and cars with a single space provide only weak transportation opportunities due to the reduced number of cars per wagon.

From the patent FR No. 2654055 COSTAMASNAGA, single-storey loading wagons with reduced movable overlap between the elevated loading position and the maximum permissible lower position are known.

Such an arrangement without a top floor is intended for very voluminous cars: trucks, heavy vehicles, engines with high ground clearance. It allows transportation, while remaining in railway dimensions, and facilitates loading onto the supporting plane at a high level for these operations, when this level can be the level of the platform or the edge of an inclined platform.

Unfortunately, there is no way to transport these cars on two floors. Indeed, their only plane does not allow them to integrate with another type of carriage, for example, two-level ones.

In addition, these wagons specifically designed for trucks are completely unsuitable for carriage. Indeed, it is well known that the truck cab door is at a suitable height so that the driver can get out of it or climb into it without the aid of struts supporting the means of lifting from the loading plane, as shown in the figures of this application.

The present invention relates specifically to two-story rail transportation of road vehicles with sizes above average, such as cars with a single internal space, light trucks, compact vans and generally small utility vehicles.

The invention is also intended to facilitate and accelerate maneuvers and movements during loading and unloading by installing two ways of travel at the level of communication of one car with another, for passing cars to their place of transportation, as well as their evacuation.

It is designed for loading and rail transportation of this type of road car in two floors, facilitating easy and quick two-story loading and unloading, as well as a simple conversion maneuver for transportation and unloading.

The invention also aims to ensure the entry and exit of road vehicles using their own forces during loading and unloading, carried out by moving from one car to another along the planes of movement - one lower, another upper, located in line from one car to another.

The same planes support the vehicles in the transport position, and they are movable in the vertical direction between the high loading / unloading position and the transport position.

This twofold objective is achieved by the present invention, which relates to a carriage for railroad transportation of road vehicles and a train composed of a sequence of such carriages, each carriage consisting of a railway structure and two supporting planes of travel and carriage, moving vertically between a high loading or unloading position in line from one wagon to another and low transportation position.

This implies the use of the above funds with their many advantages.

First of all, it becomes possible to transport road cars on two floors, the dimensions of which until now have not allowed them to be delivered on two floors within the railway dimensions.

Further, loading and unloading operations turn out to be simple and quick due to the almost coplanar closure of the planes along the wagon, as well as from one wagon to another without a significant difference in levels. In addition, there are no structures or equipment that could interfere with the driver’s door opening.

It is possible to arrange a sequence of wagons with heterogeneous loading of road cars without losing the advantages of two paths during loading and unloading operations.

There is no shortage of opening the driver’s door too small due to the presence of any racks nearby.

Finally, maneuvers for converting from one configuration to another are quick and easy.

Other characteristics and advantages of the invention are set forth in the following description, which is given as an example and is accompanied by drawings in which:

- figure 1 is a schematic General view, representing in longitudinal section the main components of the train for transportation of road vehicles in the transportation position, to illustrate the basic principle of the invention;

- figure 2 is a schematic General view, representing in longitudinal section the main components of the train for transporting road vehicles in the loading or unloading position, to illustrate the basic principle of the invention;

- figure 3 is a schematic side view and in section of two cars according to the first embodiment in the configuration of the carriage;

- figure 4 is a schematic view identical to the view in figure 3, in the configuration of loading / unloading;

- figure 5 is a schematic side view and in section of two cars according to the second embodiment in the configuration of the carriage;

- Fig.6 is a schematic view identical to the view of Fig.5, in the configuration of loading / unloading;

- Fig.7 is a schematic side view and in section of two cars according to the third embodiment in the configuration of the carriage;

- Fig. 8 is a schematic view identical to that of Fig. 7, in the loading / unloading configuration;

- Fig.9 is a schematic side view and in section of two cars according to the fourth embodiment in the transportation configuration, this embodiment has a folding structure;

- figure 10 is a schematic view identical to the view in figure 9, in the configuration of the loading / unloading;

- 11 is a schematic side view and in section, showing the car and the railway structure located in the fourth embodiment;

- Fig. 12 is a schematic side view and in section of two cars according to the fifth embodiment in the transportation configuration, this embodiment has a folding structure;

- Fig.13 is a schematic view identical to that of Fig.12, in the loading / unloading configuration;

- Fig.14 is a schematic side view and in section, showing the car and the railway structure located in the fifth embodiment;

- FIGS. 15 and 16 are schematic side and cross-sectional views illustrating a variant of a car with three axles, with a supporting structure of the type shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, respectively, in the configuration of transportation and loading / unloading;

- Fig.17 ÷ 19 schematic side views showing an example of an inclined entry platform with hinges at the edges in three positions, respectively: transportation - with an inclination forward, and horizontal, and then with an inclination back to serve as an inclined entrance from the platform or from another car .

The present invention relates to the field of rail transportation of road vehicles.

It applies to all road vehicles, but especially to those whose sizes range from medium-sized touring cars to trucks, more precisely - cars with a single internal space, vans and light trucks, and in a more general sense - all utility vehicles of small and medium size.

In the present invention, an inventive principle is illustrated in FIGS. 1 and 2.

In the field of rail transportation of road vehicles, a wagon, or part of a wagon, or a train 1 in general, is provided, mounted on two axles, or two axle blocks or bogies 2 and 3 with a buffer coupling, connecting rod, hinges or other coupling means 4. On these blocks , on each edge of the car 5 or 6 there is an end platform or an intermediate platform, respectively 7 or 8.

The wagon contains an upper bearing plane 9 as a support during transportation and inter-car movement of road vehicles, which is movable in the vertical direction between the lower position of the carriage and the upper position for loading or unloading.

The wagon also contains a lower component bearing plane 10, which serves as a support for transportation and travel in the loading / unloading configuration, consisting of at least one movable part 11, moving between the lower position and the upper position, and end plates 12 and 13, fixed or movable. Part 11 is, for example, central and movable in the vertical direction between the upper position, in which it is in line with the upper zones of the end platforms 7 and 8, and therefore with the end plates 12 and 13, and the lower transportation position.

This movable part 11 is preferably located between the two end platforms or between the end platform 7 or 8 and the intermediate platform - in the case of part of the carriage or triaxial carriage.

The movements of the two bearing planes - upper 9 and lower 10 - are coordinated or independent.

Bearing planes or parts thereof may be solid like a bridge or composed of several plates, fixed or movable, for example, tilted.

According to the presented embodiment, the lower bearing plane 10 is formed by the central movable part 11 and two independent end plates 12 and 13, which are made tilted above the end platforms 7 and 8.

The central movable part 11 is installed in line with the end plates 12 and 13 in the loading / unloading configuration and is lowered to the lowest level in the transport position.

The supporting railway structure 14 provides mechanical connectivity of the car and serves as a support for moving the bearing planes 9 and 10 or their vertically movable part 11. Through this supporting railway structure 14 all traction loads and dynamic loads associated with the passage pass. This rail structure 14 is schematically shown by double strokes in FIGS. 1 and 2.

Below, with reference to FIGS. 3-14, several embodiments are described illustrating the general principle of the invention set forth above.

As shown in the figures, this supporting rail structure 14 may take various forms depending on the options, but it always contains struts 15 and 16. Accordingly, it is numbered in various ways.

It can be fixed or movable vertically and even separable and folding. It contains a railway mechanical complex, which serves as a support for the bearing plane or planes 9 and 10 of travel and transportation, moving vertically. These movements are associated with movements of the bearing planes 9 and 10 or are independent of them.

One of the main is the option presented in figure 3 and 4.

The embodiment shown on the right side of FIGS. 3 and 4 is based on the general principle of the invention described above, according to which the upper travel and transportation plane 9 and the central part 11 of the lower bearing plane 10 are moved vertically between the high loading / unloading position and the lower transportation position, and vice versa.

When considering figure 4, it can be noted that the bearing planes of passage and transportation of 9 and 10 of two consecutive wagons are located in the loading / unloading configuration, in the upper position and continuously in line, so that each plane forms its own driving level and is almost horizontal, one at the bottom , the other at the top, in all cases in line with the planes of adjacent cars, for cars to pass from one car to another through the inter-car transition.

These bearing planes of passage and transportation 9 and 10 are then again lowered to the transportation position.

Two examples of use in transportation are presented in figure 3.

The right side of this figure shows the transportation of tourist cars. The lower part 10 is again omitted by its movable part 11, i.e. with the exception of the edges 5 and 6 remaining at the top, thus reaching the lower level of the supporting structure, while the upper plane 9 is completely lowered.

The left side of this figure shows the transportation of light trucks or small vans. Due to their height, which is greater than the height of tourist cars, the central part (11) of the lower plane of passage 10 is retracted or shifted to the lower position and is no longer used, while the upper plane 9 occupies the lower position of transportation of these trucks or vans. Thus, it is impossible to implement a two-story complex for loading and transporting this type of car. In this embodiment, the central part of the lower loading plane 10 is in the lower position relative to the position of the car on the right, but does not carry any vehicle.

The bearing planes of passage and transportation 9 and 10 in their central part 11 are involved in the movement of vertical movement by means of lifting and lowering, provided, for example, in the racks 15 and 16 of the supporting structure 17 specifically for this option. These lifting devices can also be outdoor. This supporting structure 17 is fixed in this main embodiment and contains the lower and upper spars 18 and 19.

This basic option is a good example of the use of freight with mixed loading, i.e. different in the same car, but also different from one car to another, allowing an inter-car transition for cars before being transported in other cars.

The second option is presented in figure 5 and 6.

This option is simple. It includes two planes of passage and transportation, the upper and lower 9 and 10, and a simplified railway structure 20 formed by the lower side members 18 of the chassis and on each side by two guide racks 21 and 22, which are characteristic of this option, but differ from the racks of the previous design . These guiding means may or may not contain integrated means of lifting along the rails or other means of guiding along the mechanical connection profiles 23 and 24 provided along the edges of the platforms 7 and 8. This simplified supporting rail structure 20 also contains guide posts 25 and 26 of the upper bearing passage 9 and carriages which differ from racks 15 and 16. These guide posts 25 and 26 may have lifting means integrated or external.

The end bearing platforms 7 and 8 are also equipped, as in the previous case, with end plates 12 and 13, allowing in the shown position of this bearing railway structure to realize a continuous line of plates with intercar ways to move cars to their transportation position and vice versa and to ensure that the car is held in position transportation without interfering with the upper loading plane.

You can see that the ability to tilt the extreme plates 12 and 13 allows you to free up additional volume on one, on the other, or on both ends of the car.

It should also be noted that nothing prevents the driver from opening the door, at least in the loading / unloading position.

Loads associated with the passage of vehicles are perceived by the supporting railway structure and guiding and / or locking means in its lowered position. To this end, a mechanical bond with the edges is guaranteed by a mechanical fixation adapted to this level.

This supporting structure 20 is equipped with its own guide means in the racks 21 and 22, so as to provide independent vertical movement of the guide means of the bearing planes 9 and 10 along the columns 25 and 26.

Thus, there are two separate movements of vertical movement. First, the movement of the complex simplified supporting railway structure 20 along the guide profiles and mechanical connection 23 and 24 through the racks 21 and 22, and then the independent movement of the upper plane 9 by the guiding means of the columns 25 and 26 with or without integrated lifting means.

In this way, the loading / unloading configuration can be adopted by lifting the supporting rail structure 20 to its upper position and also leading the central part 11 of the lower plane 10 to the upper loading and unloading position together with the structure 20.

For the configuration of transportation, the position of the bearing planes 9 and 10 of passage and transportation will depend on the type of vehicles transported.

We can talk about special tourist cars 27 (the right side of figure 5). In this case, the upper plane of passage and transportation remains in the upper position, and the supporting railway structure goes into the lower position.

We can also talk about cars with a single internal space or small utility vehicles 28, such as, for example, small vans or light trucks, presented on the left side of FIG. In this case, the upper plane 9 of passage and transportation goes to the level of the extreme platforms, and the lower plane 10 is removed, while the extreme plates 12 and 13 remain at the edges of the car, but its central part 11 goes to the lower position.

This option also provides a good example of the use of carriage during loading, which differs from one car to another, and even within the same car, allowing for inter-car moving for cars that must be transported in other cars.

The following describes the third option with reference to Fig.7 and 8.

This embodiment relates to another supporting rail structure 29, but also generally movable along a slide or vertical rails in columns 23 and 24 mounted on the inner edge of each of the end platforms 7 and 8. This supporting structure 29 also has struts 21 and 22, which limit it in length, while the upper plane 9 and the Central part 11 of the lower plane 10 are moved with the supporting structure 29.

This supporting structure 29 has lower spars 18 with a length close to the length of the central part 11 of the lower plane 9, and upper spars 30 are longer.

Here, as before, the supporting railway structure 29 comprises a mechanical connection housing for the car between two end platforms 7 and 8. All traction and dynamic loads associated with moving vehicles are perceived by this supporting structure and guiding and / or fixing means that provide mechanical connection with end devices.

The load-bearing end platforms 7 and 8 are also equipped, as in the previous embodiment, with end plates 12 and 13, which make it possible to realize a continuous line of plates in the shown position of this load-bearing railway structure 9, forming the paths for moving cars to their transportation position and vice versa, and provide keeping cars in the transportation position without interfering with the upper loading plane.

As before, the plates or end platforms 12 and 13 at the edges 5 and 6 of the car can be tilted, which allows you to release additional volume on one, on the other, or on both ends of the car.

It should be noted that nothing prevents the opening of at least the driver’s door in the loading / unloading position.

In order to ensure the placement of these slightly higher vehicles on the end platforms during transportation, the ends of the upper and lower planes of passage and transportation can be tilted.

Next, the options shown in FIGS. 9–11 and FIGS. 12–14, related to a folding railway structure, are considered — options arising from those already described.

This is a first embodiment with a folding structure of a supporting folding railway structure 31 shown separately in FIG. 11, i.e. detachable from the chassis of the car. In this figure, the chassis of the car 1 is shown schematically. It consists of end platforms 7 and 8 and side members 32, forming a flat continuous surface along the car, through which traction loads and loads associated with moving vehicles pass. This collapsible load bearing rail structure 31 is of the same type as the structure described above. We are talking about a carrier chassis with a central part in the frame, crossed by a folding carrier structure 31, and in this chassis, using the appropriate means, a transition is made from the level in the position of the inter-car crossing (Fig. 10) to the level in the transport position (Fig. 9).

In this position, the railway structure intersects the carcass so that its bottom is at the lowest level allowed in the transportation position.

In the shown moving position for loading / unloading (Fig. 10), the lower bearing plane of passage and transportation 10, i.e. the plane on which the lower floor cars are located in the transportation position is a continuous linear plane composed of the plates forming it.

Such a device allows to realize on the lower floor the lower way of inter-car moving of cars at the loading / unloading stage.

The bearing railway structure 31 of this embodiment is a single mechanical complex, formed, for example, by a set of mechanical elements that make up the lower and upper supporting structure, fixing the corresponding bearing planes 9 and 10. Various loads of traction and passage are transmitted by the side members 32 of the car.

In all cases, as in previous versions, means are provided for raising and lowering the supporting railway structure. They can be external or internal and operate at the level of the guide posts or otherwise.

Plates or end platforms 12 and 13 at the edges 5 and 6 of the car can be tilted, which allows you to free up additional volume on one, on the other, or on both ends of the car.

The fifth embodiment, shown in FIGS. 12 to 14, follows from another embodiment, namely the embodiment shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, in that the load-bearing rail structure 33 is collapsible in its entirety. Spars 32 of the car connect edges 5 and 6. Other characteristics are identical. Therefore, there is no need for a new description.

A variant of a wagon with three bearing rolling complexes or three axles, such as the wagon shown as an example in Figs. 15 and 16, from an inventive point of view can be considered as a double wagon. We are talking about a double carriage, since it contains double nodes of all fixed assets, namely, the upper 9 and lower 10 planes of passage and transportation, bearing the railway structure 14 (here the bearing railway structure is identical to the structure of the embodiment in Figs. 3 and 4), end platforms 7 and 8 and their fixed or tilted end plates 12 and 13, as well as columns and racks 15 and 16 with drive means (built-in or not) for raising or lowering the planes 9 and 10 of passage and transportation.

If we talk about a complete railway complex of a car type in the proper sense of the word, then each of its two ends contains a hitch 4 with an adjacent car on a connecting rod or buffer, while at the level of the common central axis 34 there is only a simple articulated connection, such as 35.

The presented double carriage actually consists of two adjacent railway rolling complexes 36 and 37, which at the inner ends of the complexes 36 and 37 have a common axis 34 and nodes of the functional combination of all fixed assets.

In general, for most options, at least one of the bearing planes 9 or 10 has at least one of its ends 5 or 6, at least one upper tilt platform 38, which allows you to import each car in an inclined position, freeing up a substantial usable space 39 at least at one end of the car, and also serving as a platform of inclined entry to the upper plane from one of the ends of the car (Fig. 19).

It must be clarified that the end plates 12 and 13 can be tilted, namely forward, in order to further increase the available volume.

Thus, in this space, which has temporarily increased, a larger car roof can be received; in addition, a car that is longer and even taller can be adopted.

Referring to Fig.17 ÷ 19, it can be noted that the platform of the upper edge 38 of the upper bearing plane 9 can be tilted forward (Fig.17) in the transport position, thereby increasing the useful space of the transport 39, and this can be combined with an additional increase in the net volume for feed forward lower plate.

The platforms of the upper edge 38 can also be tilted back to the loading position (Fig. 19) to access the apron, either departing from the apron, or departing from another car.

The support column 40 ensures that the tilted platform of the upper edge 38 is held in an inclined position along its tilt movement when lowering or lifting in accordance with the movement of the upper plane 9.

Installation in the platform position of the upper edge 38 and the plates of the lower edge 12 or 13 can be combined with the movements of raising / lowering the railway structure and / or the upper bearing plane 9 of the passage and transportation.

On Fig takes into account the gain in useful volume of loading due to the inclination of the platform of the upper edge 38 and the corresponding lower plate 13 in the configuration of the transportation.

In the case of variants with a folding railway structure, in principle, there is no car loaded onto the lower edge.

Claims (17)

1. A wagon or part of a wagon located at least between two successive rolling devices (2) and (3), comprising upper (9) and lower (10) bearing planes, forming respectively the upper floor and lower floor for the carriage of road vehicles intended for their retention during carriage and intercar transportation during loading and unloading operations, characterized in that:
- the upper (9) and lower (10) bearing planes holding the road cars during transportation and during the inter-car crossing can be shifted vertically as a whole or only part of them between the transportation position and the loading / unloading position and vice versa, so that in the loading / unloading, at least the lower bearing plane (10) constituted a coplanar extension from one car to another, forming at least one transit passage between the cars as a way of movement of road vehicles to their place of transportation and vice versa;
- the lower bearing plane (10) is subdivided into at least three parts, which include two lower end parts (12) and (13), each of which is located on top of the rolling devices (2) and (3), and the central part (11) movable in the vertical direction;
- the binder structure provides a mechanical connection between the successive rolling devices (2) and (3), the binder structure being a supporting railway structure (14) of the bearing planes, and wherein:
the supporting railway structure can move vertically between the lower position of the carriage and the upper position of inter-car movement during loading / unloading operations or the supporting railway structure can be separated from the chassis of the car. 2. A wagon according to claim 1, characterized in that the carrier planes are attached to the carrier structure (14), which is only movable in the vertical direction. 3. A wagon according to claim 2, characterized in that in the transportation configuration, the upper bearing plane (9) and the central part (11) of the lower bearing plane (10) of passage and transportation are set to their lower position using a connecting structure or a bearing railway structure ( fourteen). 4. The wagon according to claim 1, characterized in that the upper bearing plane (9) and the central part (11) of the lower bearing plane (10) can move independently of the motions of the connecting structure or the bearing railway structure (14). 5. The wagon according to claim 1, characterized in that for transportation the upper bearing plane (9) and the central part (11) of the lower bearing plane are set to the lower position using a connecting structure or a bearing railway structure (14). 6. The wagon according to claim 1, characterized in that the supporting railway structure (14) constitutes an independent functional mechanical complex. 7. The wagon according to the preceding paragraph, characterized in that the supporting railway structure (14) comprises means for raising and lowering the bearing planes of automobiles. 8. The car according to claim 1, characterized in that the supporting railway structure (31), which is separated from the binder structure or from the chassis of the car, is folding. 9. The wagon according to claim 1, characterized in that the bottom of the supporting railway structure (14) is in the lowest position permissible in the transportation configuration and coplanar with end planes in the loading / unloading configuration. 10. A wagon according to claim 9, characterized in that its chassis consists of two end platforms (7) and (8) and side members (32), forming a flat surface, continuous in the frame along the wagon, through which traction and load loads pass, associated with the passage of cars. 11. A wagon according to claim 10, characterized in that its chassis is intersected by a folding load-bearing railway structure (31). 12. The wagon according to claim 11, characterized in that the supporting structure (14) in a fixed manner holds the supporting planes (9) and (10). 13. The wagon according to claim 12, characterized in that the upper bearing plane (9) of passage and transportation is combined or superimposed on the lower bearing plane (10) of passage and transportation in the transportation position. 14. The wagon according to claim 13, characterized in that at least one of the loading planes is equipped at least at one of its ends with an articulated platform (38), or (12), or (13) that provides retention car or its access to the bearing plane. 15. The car according to 14, characterized in that the bearing plane (9) and (10) are located between the edges of the car and the intermediate bearing railway rolling complex. 16. A composite carriage, characterized in that it consists of two railway complexes (36) and (37) and contains double nodes of all fixed assets, including the upper (9) and lower (10) passage and transportation planes bearing the railway structure (14 ), end platforms (7) and (8) and their fixed or tilted end plates (12) and (13), moreover, these complexes (36) and (37) are interconnected by a swivel and rest on the level of the inner edge of each of them to the common rolling device (34) and moreover, the bearing railway structure (14) can change atsya vertically between a lower position and an upper transport position intercar movement during operations of loading / unloading. 17. The sequence of wagons specified in any of the preceding paragraphs, which forms, using the bearing planes (9) and (10), the upper path and the lower path from one car to another for transported or transported cars, respectively, at the time of loading or unloading and transportation planes in the transportation configuration.

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