RU2444695C1 - Method of ammunition inerting - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: weapons and ammunition.

SUBSTANCE: proposed method comprises feeding pre-extruded cylindrical granules of carbon dioxide on the surface of explosive. Said granules are produced in screw granulator that allows extruding granules with diameter d=1.7-3.5 mm and length l=(1-3)d. Obtained flow of granules is fed onto explosive surface. Granules of carbon dioxide get on explosive surface to provoke "thermal shock" due to difference in temperatures. Said granules get quickly sublimated into CO₂ gas to increase the previous volume, thus, causing micro blast on explosive surface that destructs it.

EFFECT: higher efficiency.

3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to methods for the demilitarization of ammunition (PSU) to be disposed of, and is intended for the extraction of explosive components (BB), their subsequent processing into products and the further use of materials of structural elements and shells of BP cleared of explosives in industry.

An example of the implementation of the extraction of explosives from PSU cases is the demilitarization method (RF patent No. 2142419 F42B 33/00, 1999), according to which a high-speed flow of water ice granules formed by mixing water and aerosol flows passing through the refrigerant is fed to the explosive surface.

The disadvantage of this method is the excessive amount of moisture generated by the melting of ice granules in the recovered explosives, and the impossibility of its use in industry without preliminary technological operations.

The closest analogue of the invention is a method for discharging ammunition (RF patent No. 2142420, F42B 33/00, 1999), in which a preformed aqueous aerosol stream is supplied to the surface of the explosive product, and a stream of carbon dioxide granules is fed into the zone of its interaction with the explosive surface.

The disadvantage of this method is that the resulting granules of carbon dioxide will have arbitrary transverse dimensions, and when they are dispersed in the air stream, their partial sublimation will occur. Higher density explosives will be able to be extracted by supplying a water stream to the surface of the explosives, but there will be no possibility of its use in industry without preliminary dehydration technological operations. Moreover, the interaction of granules with explosives will not give the required performance.

The technical task of the present invention is to expand the range of morally and physically obsolete PSUs that must be disposed of in this way and increase the cleaning performance of PSU casings from explosives while ensuring continuity and environmental friendliness of the PSU demilitarization process and reduce the cost of restoring an utilized explosive for its further use.

The problem is solved in that on the surface of the explosive serves a stream of carbon dioxide granules. In this case, carbon dioxide crystals are pre-compacted by pressing, fragmented into granules to give them a cylindrical shape with a diameter d = 1.7 ÷ 3.5 mm, and cut them along the length within l = (1 ÷ 3) d, and in the process of interaction with explosive granules sublimate the substance.

The invention is illustrated by drawings.

In Fig.1 shows a device for discharging BP;

Figure 2 presents a view And figure 1

Figure 3 presents a view B of figure 1

The BP demilitarization device comprises a compressor 1 supplying air through an air duct 2 through a Laval nozzle 3, a spray nozzle 4, through which carbon dioxide crystals 6, a fine-mesh reflective grid 7, a screw granulator 8, which consists of a screw 9, are supplied from a cylinder with liquid carbon dioxide 5. the housing 10 and the conical seal 11, the openings of the die 12 and the movable knife 13, and are used for compaction by pressing and fragmentation of carbon dioxide granules of the required size, a funnel 14 for collecting granules 15. From the mixer 16 are picked up by the air flow through to the duct 17, the granules fall onto the surface of the BB 18 BP 19. A container 20 is intended to collect the extracted BB.

The method of demilitarization is as follows. From the compressor 1 through the duct 2, the air flow is supplied to the Laval nozzle 3, passing the Laval nozzle, the air is cooled to a temperature of -78.5 ° C, at the same time from the cylinder with liquid carbon dioxide 5 through the spray nozzle 4, liquid carbon dioxide is fed into the Laval nozzle 3. When a cooled stream of air and liquid carbon dioxide are mixed in a Laval nozzle 3, carbon dioxide crystals 6 are formed, which, flying out of the Laval nozzle, hit a finely reflective grid 7 and settle in the screw granulator 8. The mass of carbon dioxide crystals moved by the screw 9 is compacted between the body 10 and taper seal 11. The compressed mass squeezed out by the screw 9 passes through the openings of the die 12, forming granules 15 with a diameter of d = 1.7 ÷ 3.5 mm, which are cut off with a movable knife 13 of a length within l = (1 ÷ 3) d and fall into the funnelfor collecting pellets 14. Chilled air is fed into the mixer 16 through the duct 17, dispersing the pellets 15 to a speed of 300 m / s. Granules 15, picked up by chilled air, fall on the surface of BB 18 BP 19. Then BB 18 is poured into a container 20.

The formed flow of granules is fed onto the explosive surface at a speed of 300 m / s, while the carbon dioxide granules have a temperature of -79 ° C. On the surface of explosives which, compared with the granules at a temperature significantly higher, and due to this difference in temperature is provoked "thermal shock" - dry ice is very rapidly converted to carbon dioxide CO ₂ and increases in volume approximately 500 times. This process is a kind of microexplosion on the explosive surface, which destroys the explosive surface. Granules of carbon dioxide are sublimated, that is, they pass from a solid state to a gaseous state bypassing the liquid phase.

A significant advantage of the proposed method is that after the demineralization of the BP there is no wet sediment in the recovered explosives, which makes this method simple and convenient. Carbon dioxide granules, sublimating, return to the atmosphere, making this method of demarcation a harmless process for the environment. The method is an environmentally friendly process. The method allows to increase the performance of demilitarization due to the formation of granules of a given diameter and required length for a certain type of explosive. Granules having a large diameter d = 3.5 mm and a length l = (1 ÷ 3) d make it possible to obtain large kinetic energy of microexplosion due to their large size and, therefore, large destructive force, which makes it possible to disunite explosives with a high density. Granules with a smaller diameter d = 1.7 mm and a shorter length l = (1 ÷ 3) d have less destructive force, because when interacting with explosives, they increase less in volume, because their initial volume is less, which means that the destructive force will be less, so they are designed to extract explosives of lower density.

At the same time, the effect of carbon dioxide granules on the explosive charge is inert from the point of view of the chemical reaction, i.e. does not lead to changes in the chemical formula of explosives and, accordingly, to a change in its physical properties.

Example

A high-explosive artillery shell to be disposed of, 203 mm caliber, containing 23.4 kg of TNT, was opened from the side of the warhead by unscrewing it. Then, the formed velocity flow of carbon dioxide granules d = 3 mm and a length l = 3 mm was applied to the explosive surface. As a result, the demapping process takes 40 seconds. The collected explosives in an unchanged chemical composition were ready for reuse.

Using this invention, it is safe and environmentally friendly with high performance to dispose of large-caliber PSUs without significant restrictions on the type, material and bodies, explosive charges and gunpowder.

Claims (1)

A method of demilitarizing ammunition, comprising supplying carbon dioxide granules to the surface of an explosive, characterized in that carbon dioxide crystals are pre-compacted by compression, fragmented into granules to give them a cylindrical shape with a diameter of d = 1.7 ÷ 3.5 mm and cut them along the length l within the limits of l = (1 ÷ 3) d, and in the process of interaction with the explosive granules sublimate.

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