RU2081389C1 - Method of ammunition uncharging - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: ammunition. SUBSTANCE: the method consists in periodic application of static loads to the bursting charge by a rotary shear tool; the magnitudes of stresses arising in the charge must be by an order of magnitude lower of the critical stresses causing a burst transformation of the bursting charge. EFFECT: enhanced safety. 3 dwg

Description

 The invention relates both to the field of conversion of technical means and devices used in defense technology (ammunition and their elements), and to the equipment industry, in particular, to processes for correcting technological defects when filling ammunition with explosive explosives (explosives) in an inseparable way of equipping.

 Known methods of demilitarization by undermining ammunition (BP) or burning a bursting charge (RE) from it / 1 /. These methods lead to an irretrievable loss of explosives (explosives) or explosive compositions (CC), which is equipped with power supply, and in case of undermining to the destruction of almost all elements of power supply. At the same time, unsustainable costs for the destruction of BP are added to environmental pollution.

 There is a method of demilitarization by smelting of a bursting charge from a BP chamber with hot steam. The method is suitable only for the extraction of explosive compositions containing at least 40-50% of the fusible component. As a rule, the explosives and aircraft extracted in this process are destroyed, since the costs of bringing them in accordance with the requirements of GOSTs (GOST) are comparable with the cost of newly manufactured products.

 Known methods of demilitarizing a BP by breaking explosive charges in a BP chamber using a jet of water, a solvent, or a BVV melt. A common disadvantage of this group of methods is that recoverable water-based substances substantially change their physical, physical, mechanical, energy, and technological properties. In this case, the subsequent extraction, purification, processing of BWV from the used liquid media will require significant costs. The main disadvantage of the above methods of unloading is that the overwhelming part of them was designed to cool the PS from explosives, and not for the possible complete utilization of all elements of the shot.

 A known method of extracting explosive charge from the body of the warhead. The essence of this method is the destruction of the RE under the influence of internal pressure created in the existing or specially made cavity of the RE PS. For this, a segment of a detonating cord having a certain length is inserted into the RE cavity. The remaining free space of the cavity is filled with water and then the detonating cord is initiated.

The disadvantages of this method of unloading is:
extremely limited scope, since the method can be used to demarcate a small nomenclature of BP of a certain design;
the ability to use this method only for warheads equipped with a specific plasticized aircraft;
extremely high explosiveness of the unloading process, associated with the action of a detonation pulse directly on the RE, for example, if the detonating cord is located in sufficient proximity to the RE surface. In this regard, demilitarization in this way, for example, of warheads of missile shots having a mass of RE hundreds of kilograms, can be carried out only in polygon conditions;
significant polydispersity of the recovered aircraft from macroscopic RP to microparticles of the starting components, which requires additional explosions and fire hazardous crushing and product classification operations during the reprocessing of such aircraft;
difficulty in collecting and catching polydisperse explosive material.

 Thus, using existing demilitarization methods, it is impossible to extract explosives and aircraft with the aim of reusing them from most of the PS range (artillery shells, mines, torpedoes, etc.) due to differences in PS designs, their calibers, and the properties of RP materials.

 The objective of the invention is to develop an environmentally and technologically safe method for the demilitarization of ammunition of various designs, equipped with any methods and regular aircraft, without changing the physical, physico-mechanical, energy properties of the recovered aircraft with the aim of reusing the aircraft and other elements of the PS.

 The problem is solved by the method of unloading the BP by force acting on the RE; moreover, the force is exerted by a rotary shearing tool with periodic static loads applied to it, and the values of the stresses arising in the charge should be an order of magnitude higher than the critical ones, leading to the explosive transformation of the RE.

 A schematic diagram of the method for discharging BP 1 and the used shearing tool 2 are shown in FIG. 1.2 The method is based on local and layer-by-layer destruction of RE 3, located in the ammunition body 4, when the faces of the 5 (Fig. 2) cleaving tool 2 are introduced into the surface layer of the explosive material. Local destruction of the RE material is carried out under the influence of periodically applied static loads R. Destruction of the entire the surface of the RE layer of unit thickness is provided due to the periodic rotation of the cleaving tool (or projectile) by a certain angle, when the cleaving faces do not touch the surface of the RE, that is, in the absence of mobile contacts. Why organize a vertical reciprocating movement with a small amplitude cleaving tool or projectile.

 The rotation angle of the shearing tool (or projectile) is selected empirically for each type of explosive (BC) according to the completeness of spalling of the RE layer of unit thickness. This thickness depends on the design of the cleaving faces, the physicomechanical properties of the specific material of the PP, the level of applied loads.

 The thickness of a single layer is determined empirically. Moreover, its limit value, necessary to achieve the maximum possible performance of this method of demarcation, will be limited by the depth of introduction of the cleaving faces, at which they are jammed in the material RZ.

 Loosened RP material is constantly removed from the BP chamber by any suitable method (periodic or continuous precipitation, vacuum suction, etc.). The shearing tool 2 used for layer-by-layer destruction (Fig. 1.2) consists of a metal rod 6 (Fig.2) and fixedly mounted bronze shaped knives 7 with cleaving faces 5 with a surface roughness of 0.32-0.63 or a cleaving a nozzle of a different design (hollow sleeve, one-sided wedge, etc.), but providing a manifestation of a shearing effect during mechanical action on the surface of the RE. The geometric dimensions of the working tool (l, l, d, D, B) will be determined by the caliber, the design of the discharged object, the diameter of the projectile point, and the structural design of this method of unloading.

 The safety of the demilitarization process by this method will be ensured by the fact that the destruction of the rare-earth is carried out in an adjustable mode by a non-ferrous metal shearing tool with periodic application to the latter of static loads not exceeding the critical stresses leading to the explosive transformation of explosive materials / 5 /. The level of static loads used to break down is determined by the mechanical strength of specific REs, the values of which, as you know, are an order of magnitude lower than the pressures used in practice when BP is equipped with mechanical compaction methods.

 The practical implementation of this demarcation method is possible both with the help of a commercially available press equipment with minimal structural changes, as well as in less complex, but purposefully designed plants.

 For example, in the case of using a serial batch press used in the equipment industry, model 2150, the simplified kinematic diagram of which is shown in FIG. 3, the preparation and process of demineralization are as follows. The discharged BP 1 (shell, mine, etc.) is fixed motionless to the slider 8 vertically, point down, and the shearing tool 2 is fixed motionless to the center of the hopper 9, designed to collect the raining sun. The latter with a fixed cleaving tool is installed on the transport trolley 10. Then, all operations are performed in the usual sequence for this press. The hydraulic backpressure system 11 is adjusted to provide the required pressure value of the shearing tool on the RE: gauge pressure should not exceed 0.2-1.0 MPa. The electromechanical connecting rod-crank drive 12, providing reciprocating movement of the ammunition 1 relative to the cleaving tool 2, is set to 30-40 double strokes per minute and to introduce the faces of the cleaving tool into the RE monolith to a depth of 5-10 mm (unit thickness layer). The sinus mechanism 13 of the press is debugged at the required angle of rotation of the cleaving tool (not more than 10-15).

Directly the process of unloading BP small and medium caliber proceeds in the following sequence. Trolley 10 with a hopper and a cleaving tool is rolled into the pressing position. At the same time, the shearing tool 2 is installed strictly coaxially and opposite the BP 1 fixed at the top. Then, using the pneumatic cylinders 14, the PS is lowered until the cut of the RE with the shearing edges of the tool 2 is contacted. The electric drive 12 of the press is turned on and the shearing edges are introduced to a predetermined depth (5-10 mm) in RE. In this case, the RE material at the contact points and in the adjacent areas is crumbled and poured into the hopper 9. During the subsequent (return movement) of the PSU up, the hopper with the working tool is rotated by a predetermined angle (10-15 ^o ) and then again carried out (with translational movement) their clamping contact, at which the sun again crumbles, but from neighboring areas of the same charge layer. The rotation angle should be such that for one full revolution of the working tool around its axis, the entire single charge layer (5-10 mm deep) is destroyed, and the VM spills out into the receiving hopper 9. In the same sequence, during continuous operation of the press, the entire RE layer is painted behind the layer.

 The presence in this press of a node 15 for the controlled movement of the slider 8 (and, consequently, the power supply unit) in the horizontal direction in accordance with the profile of the longitudinal section of the power supply chamber allows the explosive material to be chipped from undercut zones.

 At the end of the demarcation process, the transport trolley 5 with the product is rolled out of the cabin where the press is installed.

 The dispersion of the obtained VM in this case substantially depends on its physicochemical, physicomechanical properties, demarcation modes, rare-earth temperature, and other factors that can be purposefully used. For example, when reloading REs from sufficiently plastic explosives, it is possible to use pre-cooled PSUs. Here, cooling is used to give them the necessary degree of crushability. Naturally, for very strong and fragile REs it may be appropriate, on the contrary, to heat the shells.

 The proposed demarcation method was successfully tested on standard BPs (23 mm HE and 100 mm HE shells) and model samples equipped with TG-20 compositions (filling), based on phlegmatized RDX (pressing) and simulating formulations (portioned pressing). When using the parameters and modes of the demarcation process described above, all of the indicated REs were removed at room temperature from metal housings in a dispersed form. The performance of the installation described above varies depending on the caliber of the objects of unloading and can reach 200-300 kg / h.

 Thus, the proposed method, in comparison with the known ones, is environmentally and technically safer; it is applicable for unloading most of the BP nomenclature with extracting VMs from them without changing their physical, physicomechanical, energy properties, which allows reusing energy fillers (EXPLOSIVES and AC) and other BP elements for the manufacture of products for the national economy (perforators, charges for crushing oversized, cumulative cutters, etc.), as well as for reuse in defense from rales.

Claims (1)

 A method of demilitarizing ammunition by force acting on a bursting charge, characterized in that the force acting on the surface of the bursting charge is carried out by a rotary shearing tool with periodic application of static loads to it, and the magnitudes of the stresses arising in the charge must be an order of magnitude lower than the critical ones, leading to explosive transformation of the bursting charge.

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