RU2442308C1 - Ameliorants and mineral fertilizers distributor - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: distributor includes a body frame installed on the undercarriage, a hydraulic system, a distributing unit in the form of rotating disks with blades located angle-wise to each other, and a flow deflector to feed the fertilizer to each disk separately. The distributor contains a dismountable housing. The housing is firmly fixed to the back part of the body frame. The body frame is made in such a way that it is possible to change the slope angle with the help of a hydraulic cylinder. The inside of the dismountable housing has a feeding operating element in the form of the screw conveyor. The screw conveyor is situated athwart the side of the body frame and is fastened to the side walls of the dismountable housing with the help of bearings. The flow deflector for the fertilizer is attached to the back part of the housing. The disks of the distributing units are installed so that they can be rotated in different directions with the help of motor groups connected to the disks drive-shaft, and are attached to the bottom of the dismountable housing with the help of the supports.

EFFECT: increase in the uniformity of fertilizers application.

2 cl, 7 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery and is intended for the transportation and spreading of bulk mineral fertilizers and ameliorants.

Known mixer spreader of mineral fertilizers (AS No. 2349070 C1, IPC АСС 15/00, published March 20, 2009), which consists of a hopper including compartments formed by partitions and equipped with metering dampers, the bottom of the hopper with unloading windows, a perforated conveyor covering the bottom of the hopper and containing the flooring under its lower branch, a screw mixing device and centrifugal spreaders.

The disadvantages of this spreader are the complexity of its design and increased energy consumption for the technological process due to the presence of supply conveyors under each section of the hopper, the inability to adjust the dose of fertilizer.

The prototype of the claimed technical solution is a fertilizer spreader (AC No. 2323563 C1, MPK А01С 17/00, А01С 15/00, publ. 10.05.2008), which contains a body, a running system, a drive of working bodies, a conveyor, scattering devices, a guide, hydraulic system. A conveyor is used to supply fertilizer to the spreading organ.

Consider a mineral fertilizer spreader has the following disadvantages:

- low utilization during the year due to the narrow specialization of the mineral fertilizer spreader;

- the complexity of the design due to the presence of the conveyor, supplying fertilizer to the scattering device.

The aim of the invention is the expansion of the technological capabilities of the vehicle, in particular the body, as well as increasing soil fertility by uniformly applying mineral fertilizers to the soil and improving their solubility in the soil.

This goal is achieved by the fact that in the spreader of mineral fertilizers containing a body on the undercarriage, a hydraulic system, a spreading device in the form of mounted rotating disks with vanes located at an angle to each other, a flow guide having a flow divider for feeding fertilizer to each disk separately , unlike the prototype, contains a removable housing rigidly attached to the rear of the body, made with the possibility of changing the angle using a hydraulic cylinder, inside the removable housing and a feed working element is installed in the form of a screw located perpendicular to the side of the body and attached with bearings to the side walls of the removable housing, a flow guide is attached to the rear of the removable housing, and the spreader disks are mounted to rotate in different directions using hydraulic motors connected with a drive shaft of disks and attached with brackets to the bottom of the removable housing. The rotation of the discs in different directions allows you to more evenly spread mineral fertilizers and ameliorants on the field surface. The turns of the auger of the feed working body are made in different directions relative to the center, and in the middle part of the auger, plates are installed parallel to each other for uniform feeding of fertilizer into the flow guide, which allows destroying the lumpy structure of fronts and improves the solubility of fertilizers in the soil.

The implementation of the technological process, unlike the prototype, is possible without a chain-slatted mechanism for feeding material by changing the angle of elevation of the vehicle body.

A new set of features with the achievement of a new economic effect is the expansion of the technological capabilities of vehicles by using them as spreaders of bulk mineral fertilizers and ameliorants, which will reduce the costs associated with their operation and the acquisition of highly specialized spreaders of mineral fertilizers in farms of grain and livestock production, as well as increasing soil fertility due to the uniform distribution of mineral fertilizers in the field and improve p fouling of aq ble mineral fertilizers in the soil is not known and does not follow explicitly from the prior art, which allows to conclude that the technical solution to the criterion "novelty" and "inventive step".

Figure 1 shows a diagram of a spreader of mineral fertilizers and ameliorants (side view), figure 2 is a top view of the spreader, figure 3 is a removable housing, figure 4 is a flow guide with a spreading device (rear view), figure 2 .5 - spreading disc (top view), in Fig.6 - spreading disc (side view), Fig.7 - bolt connection.

The spreader of loose mineral fertilizers and ameliorants consists of a body 1, a removable body of figure 3, attached rigidly to the rear of the body 1, a flow guide 5, a spreading device. The flow guide 5 has a flow divider for supplying fertilizer to each disk separately and is attached to the rear of the removable housing of FIG. 3.

Inside the removable housing of FIG. 3, a feeding working member 17 is mounted, mounted on the side walls of the removable housing of FIG. 3 using bearings 8 and perpendicular to the side of the body 1. The feeding working member 17 is made in the form of a screw 3, the turns of which are located in different directions relative to center, and in the middle part of the screw 3, plates 4 are installed parallel to each other for uniformly supplying fertilizer to the flow guide 5, while the screw is rotated using a plate hydraulic motor 2 (Fig. 3) equipped with casing 10. The drive of the feed working body 17 (figure 3) consists of a clutch 11 (figure 3), which transfers energy from the hydraulic motor 2 to the shaft of the feed working body 17 (figure 3). The plate hydraulic motor 2 is fixed with tabs 12 (Fig. 7) in the drive casing by means of a bolt connection 13 and is connected to the hydraulic system of the tractor by hydraulic tubes 14 (Fig. 1), while the change in the application rate of loose mineral fertilizers and ameliorants is regulated by manual adjustment of the plate hydraulic motor 2 (FIG. 3) at a specific speed.

The design of the spreading device is made of two mounted disks 15 rotating in different directions (Fig. 5), on the surface of which the blades 9 are rigidly fixed and placed at an angle of 90 ° to each other, while the disks are driven into rotation from the tractor hydraulic system using two independent hydraulic motors 16 (Fig.6), connected by a spline connection 7 with the drive shaft of the disk. The disks are rigidly mounted on the shaft of the hydraulic motor 16 (Fig.6), which, in turn, is fixed to the bottom of the housing of the spreading device by means of brackets 6 (Fig.6), while the disk is located at an angle of 15-25 ° to the horizontal for uniform distribution of mineral fertilizers along the surface of the field at the time of lifting the body.

The spreader of loose mineral fertilizers and ameliorants works as follows. A removable housing of FIG. 3 is attached to the vehicle body 1 and filled with mineral fertilizers or ameliorants. After loading the body, the trailer is transported to the field, the drive motor of the feeding device 2 is turned on, and two hydraulic motors of the drive of the spreading discs 15 are used by the tractor hydraulic system, after which the spreading of mineral fertilizers begins. The torque from the hydraulic motor 2 is transmitted to the shaft of the feed screw 3, which feeds the bulk material into the flow guide 5 and distributes the bulk material to the spreading discs 15, which, due to the centrifugal force, disperse the fertilizers or ameliorants. As the volume of material in the body 1 decreases, the bulk of the body 1 is gradually lifted by means of a hydraulic cylinder during the spreading of loose mineral fertilizer or ameliorants.

At the end of the spreading of loose mineral fertilizer or ameliorant, the removable housing of figure 3 is removed, and the trailer is used for other transport operations.

Expanding the range of use of the vehicle, in particular the body, allows its use in various works. Using it as a spreader of bulk mineral fertilizers and ameliorants reduces the need for vehicles, increases productivity and reduces the cost of applying bulk mineral fertilizers and ameliorants, and also increases soil fertility, due to the uniform distribution of mineral fertilizers across the field and improved solubility of mineral fertilizers in the soil . Using a vehicle, in particular a body, as a spreader of loose mineral fertilizers and ameliorants will reduce costs by 1.5-2 times in comparison with the basic spreaders of mineral fertilizers.

Claims (2)

1. A spreader of loose mineral fertilizers and ameliorants, comprising a body mounted on the undercarriage system, a hydraulic system, a spreader in the form of rotating disks with vanes located at an angle to each other, a flow guide having a flow divider for feeding fertilizer to each disk separately, characterized in that contains a removable housing rigidly attached to the rear of the body, made with the possibility of changing the angle using a hydraulic cylinder, inside the removable housing is installed feeding the working body in the form of a screw located perpendicular to the side of the body and attached with bearings to the side walls of the removable housing, the flow guide is attached to the rear part, and the spreading device disks are mounted for rotation in different directions using hydraulic motors connected to the drive shaft drives and brackets attached to the bottom of the removable housing. 2. The spreader of loose mineral fertilizers and ameliorants according to claim 1, characterized in that the turns of the screw of the feed working body are made in different directions relative to the center, and plates are installed in the middle part of the screw parallel to each other for uniform feeding of fertilizer into the flow guide.

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