RU2349070C1 - Device for mixing and distribution of mineral fertilisers - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agricultural industry.

SUBSTANCE: device for mixing and distribution of mineral fertilisers comprises a bin mounted onto the frame and including partitioned sections equipped with metering valve. The device further comprises a bin bottom furnished with unloading ports, perforated conveyor enclosing the bottom of the bin and incorporating a deck plate arranged above a bottom belt of said conveyor, screw mixer and spinner spreaders. The bin sections are formed by two transverse partitions and at least one longitudinal partition. The mixer is positioned between the bin transverse partitions under the perforated conveyor deck plate crosswise to axial axis of said conveyor. The deck plate is furnished with an unloading port arranged above the mixer, the said unloading port matching the unloading port made in the bin bottom. Metered fertiliser is fed to the mixer from the rear part of the bin, as seen in the direction of movement, by the upper belt of said perforated conveyor through the unloading ports in the bin bottom and deck plate, and from the face part of the bin - by the lower conveyor belt through the unloading port in the deck plate. The proposed device is equipped with an unloading inclined screw conveyor mounted onto the bin by means of a pivotal rotary mechanism such that to enable unloading fertiliser mixture both lengthwise and broadwise the bin. The device provided in the present invention further incorporates a load-transfer device to transfer fertiliser mixture from unloading conveyor to spinner spreaders.

EFFECT: improved performances of the device due to better mixing and expanded potentialities.

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Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to machines for mixing and applying mixtures of mineral fertilizers.

Known mobile fertilizer mixing machines designed for the preparation of mixtures of solid mineral fertilizers and their shipment, for example in the body of mobile reloaders. They include a sectional hopper, each section of which has metering dampers and a feed conveyor, an assembly and shipping conveyors, between which a mixing device is placed (ed. Certificate of the USSR No. 1501948, class A01C 15/00, 1987).

The disadvantage of such fertilizer mixing machines is the complexity of their design and increased energy consumption due to the presence of supply conveyors under each section of the hopper. In addition, this type of machine is adapted to work only in stationary conditions, for example, in warehouses of mineral fertilizers.

Known mobile mixer-loaders of mineral fertilizers for mixing and transferring fertilizer mixtures into machines for their application. They contain a body divided into longitudinal compartments equipped with metering dampers, a movable bottom in the form of belt conveyors, a screw mixer placed across the body, and a shipping conveyor with an additional mixer in its end part (ed. USSR certificate No. 515488, class А01С 15 / 00, 1971) or a mixer, combined with the shaft of the auger type loading conveyor (ed. Certificate of the USSR No. 559674, class A01C 15/00, 1975).

The disadvantage of this type of mixer-loaders is their relatively low operational reliability associated with the possible lateral displacement of the conveyor belts and the need for periodic centering relative to the longitudinal axis. It is also difficult to load the body compartments with the mixture components, since when loading the middle compartment with a bucket loader, it is possible to partially pour material into the extreme compartments. At the same time, when placing the mixer in the end part of the shipping conveyor and its short length, it is difficult to achieve high-quality mixing of fertilizers, since the axial velocity of the material in the mixer must be consistent with its speed along the axis of the shipping conveyor, otherwise the mixer may clog.

A common drawback of the considered two groups of fertilizer mixing machines is their narrow specialization, which limits the wider use of machines in seasonal and short-term periods of fertilizer application.

Also known is a mixer-spreader of mineral fertilizers containing a body mounted on the chassis with side sides and a mobile sieve, divided by transverse partitions into compartments with unloading windows and metering dampers, under which belt feeders are located, mixer augers and centrifugal spreaders located along the body (auto view USSR No. 936841, class A01C 17/00, 1981).

The disadvantage of this mixer-spreader is the bulkiness and complexity of its design due to the presence of three separate belt feeders. In addition, the placement of propellant spreaders under the frame of the car body does not allow for uniform distribution of the mixture over the entire width of the strip sown on the surface of the field of fat.

The closest in technical essence to the present invention is a mixer-spreader of mineral fertilizers (ed. Certificate of the USSR No. 747448, class АСС 15/12, 1978), including a hopper mounted on the chassis, consisting of three compartments formed by transverse partitions and equipped with metering dampers, the bottom of the hopper with windows, a perforated conveyor with a deck under its lower branch, a screw mixing device and centrifugal spreaders.

The disadvantage of this machine is that it does not provide the required uniformity of the fertilizer mixture for a given content of nutrients in it. This is explained by the fact that the flow of mixture components produced by the lower branch of the conveyor has the form of a “puff cake” in cross section, and the screw mixer, which feeds the material to centrifugal spreaders, moving it over short distances, does not provide high-quality mixing of the components. As a result, the uniformity of distribution on the surface of the field of nutrients and, accordingly, the effectiveness of the use of fertilizer mixtures are reduced.

At the same time, the machine has limited functional capabilities, in particular, it cannot be used for the advance preparation of the required brands of fertilizer mixtures and their transshipment in vehicles or other fertilizer machines. This is due, on the one hand, to the fact that in the final section of the perforated conveyor all components of the mixture are moved to the mixer screw only by the lower branch of the conveyor, as a result of which the machine has limited productivity, acceptable only for the purpose of introducing small doses of fertilizer mixtures, and on the other hand, the absence in the design of the machine of the shipping device.

In addition, when the bunker compartments of the machine are formed, only the transverse partitions limit the number of components to be mixed, since the dimensions of the compartments must provide the possibility of loading them with a bucket loader, and the total length of the compartments is limited by the length of the machine chassis.

The objective of the invention is to increase the operational and technical characteristics of the machine by improving the quality of mixing fertilizers and expanding its functionality.

The task is achieved by the fact that in the mixer-spreader of mineral fertilizers, including a hopper mounted on the chassis, consisting of compartments formed by partitions and equipped with metering dampers, a hopper bottom with discharge windows, a perforated conveyor covering the hopper bottom and containing a floor under its lower branch, screw mixing device and centrifugal spreaders, according to the invention, the hopper compartments are formed by two transverse and at least one longitudinal partition, and cm A mixing device is placed between the transverse partitions of the hopper under the perforated conveyor deck across its longitudinal axis, while an unloading window is made in the deck above the mixing device, combined with an unloading window in the bottom of the hopper, and metered fertilizers are fed into the mixing device from the back of the hopper the upper branch of the perforated conveyor through the discharge windows in the bottom and flooring, and from the front of the hopper - the lower branch through the discharge window in the floor e, wherein the mixer-dispenser is provided with a shipping inclined conveyor screw type, fixed at its hopper by slewing device, with shipment mixed fertilizers both along and transverse to the hopper and the transfer device for supplying mixed fertilizers of shipping the conveyor to the centrifugal spreader. The hopper consists of three compartments formed by two transverse and longitudinal partitions. The hopper may consist of four compartments formed by two transverse and two longitudinal partitions.

Figure 1 shows a General view of the proposed mixer-spreader of mineral fertilizers; figure 2 is the same in plan; figure 3 is the same, rear view; figure 4 shows a diagram of the supply of fertilizer components to the mixing device.

The mixer-spreader contains a hopper 1 mounted on the chassis, consisting of three compartments 2, 3 and 4, formed by two transverse 5, 6 and one longitudinal 7 partitions and equipped with metering dampers with their drive mechanisms 8, the bottom 9 of the hopper with an unloading window 10, perforated conveyor 11, covering the bottom of the hopper, deck 12, placed under the lower branch of the perforated conveyor, a mixing device 13, placed under the deck across the perforated conveyor between the transverse walls of the hopper, th inclined screw conveyor 14, working bodies for introducing fertilizer mixtures, for example, in the form of centrifugal spreaders 15 and a reloading device 16 for feeding fertilizer mixtures from the shipping conveyor to centrifugal spreaders.

In the flooring 12, an unloading window 17 is provided, located above the loading part of the mixing device and combined with the unloading window in the bottom of the hopper.

The mixing device 13 is made in the form of a twin roll screw mixer enclosed in a U-shaped casing. The inclined shipping conveyor 14 is mounted on the hopper by means of a pivoting device 18 made in the form of a rod pivotally attached at one end to the hopper and pivotally connected at the other end to the casing of the conveyor. The reloading device 16 is a bending overflow pipe.

The hopper 1 in its front along the movement of the part may be provided with a second longitudinal partition. In this version, it will contain 4 compartments with metering flaps for the preparation of 4 component fertilizer mixtures.

The drive of the working bodies of the mixer-spreader is carried out from the hydraulic system and (or) the tractor PTO.

The mixer spreader operates as follows.

The components of the fertilizer mixture are loaded into the compartments 2, 3 and 4 of the hopper 1. Before putting into operation, the metering flaps are set to the required positions using the drive mechanism 8 thereof, at which a predetermined ratio of the components of the mineral fertilizers and the dose of the fertilizer are provided. In this case, the discharge conveyor 14 is located along the body, the conveyor loading tray is under the cantilever part of the mixing device 13, and the conveyor discharge pipe is above the transfer device 16 (Figs. 1, 2).

During the operation of the mixer-spreader, fertilizers from the compartments 3 and 4 of the rear part of the hopper with the upper branch of the perforated conveyor 11 move along the bottom 9 of the hopper and are poured into the receiving part (chamber) of the mixing device 13 through the unloading windows 10 and 17 in the flooring. perforated conveyor from the compartment 2 of the front of the hopper, initially poured from the end of the bottom to the flooring 12 and moves the lower branch of the perforated conveyor in the opposite direction, and then through the unloading a window 17 in the flooring is also poured into the receiving part of the mixing device (figure 4).

In the mixing device, the fertilizers are mixed and simultaneously moved across the body to the inclined shipping conveyor 14, which additionally mixes the mixture and delivers it to the reloading device. The transfer device sends the mixture to the spreading tools.

If necessary, the shipment of fertilizer mixtures in the bodies of vehicles, in the fertilizer hoppers of fertilizer machines or other containers, i.e. in variants of using the mixer-spreader as a mixer-transporter-reloader or a mobile fertilizer mixing machine, the shipping conveyor 14 is installed across the mixer-spreader with the help of a rotary support device 18 (Fig. 3).

In the proposed mixer-spreader, the mixing process is carried out at three stages of fertilizer promotion: when two fertilizer streams moving towards each other are poured into the loading part of the mixing device; when fertilizers move in the casing of the mixing device with a relatively low axial speed under the influence of two screws interconnected with each other and, finally, when the mixture is shipped by means of an inclined screw conveyor. Due to this, a higher quality of mixing of mineral fertilizers is achieved, the uniformity of fertilizer mixtures and the effectiveness of their application are increased.

The design of the mixer-spreader allows you to use it as a mixer-transporter-loader of fertilizer mixture, delivering the mixture components to the field, preparing a given brand of fertilizer mixture and transferring it to the bodies of specialized fertilizer applicators or fertilizer bunkers of combined seeders, as well as stationary or a mobile fertilizer mixing machine for the advance preparation of specified brands of fertilizer mixtures in the conditions of warehouses of farms-land users and enterprises for agrochemical services to agriculture. The use of the mixer-spreader in these purposes does not require substantial improvement. For these purposes, it is enough to increase its productivity by increasing the speed of the perforated conveyor, turn off the drive of the working bodies for introducing the fertilizer mixture, and set the shipping conveyor in the working position. When using the mixer-spreader as a fertilizer machine, the drive of its working bodies can be electromechanical.

In addition, the layout of the compartments of the hopper of the fertilizer spreader-mixer allows for the preparation of 4 component mixtures of mineral fertilizers, for example, with alkaline filler, to prevent caking of the fertilizer mixtures during storage due to an additional longitudinal partition and a metering flap in the forward part of the hopper. At the same time, the machine provides the ability to load its compartments without increasing the length of the chassis using frontal bucket loaders.

Thus, in comparison with the known technical solutions, the proposed mixer-spreader has advanced functionality and is a more versatile means of mechanizing the preparation and introduction of fertilizer mixtures. Moreover, due to the simultaneous use of both branches of the perforated conveyor for feeding metered fertilizers to the mixing device, the proposed mixer-spreader has higher productivity and, accordingly, the possibility of introducing fertilizer mixtures in large doses.

Claims (3)

1. Mixer-spreader of mineral fertilizers, including a hopper mounted on the chassis, consisting of compartments formed by partitions and equipped with metering dampers, a hopper bottom with unloading windows, a perforated conveyor covering the hopper bottom and containing flooring under its lower branch, a screw mixing device and centrifugal spreaders, characterized in that the bunker compartments are formed by two transverse and at least one longitudinal partition, and the mixing device is placed between the hopper baffles under the perforated conveyor deck across its longitudinal axis, while in the deck above the mixing device an unloading window is made, combined with the unloading window in the bottom of the hopper, and metered fertilizers are fed into the mixing device from the rear part of the hopper along the movement of the upper section of the perforated conveyor through the unloading windows in the bottom and flooring, and from the front of the hopper - the lower branch through the unloading window in the flooring, and the mixer-spreader is equipped with It is equipped with an inclined screw conveyor of a screw type mounted on its hopper by means of a slewing rotary device with the possibility of shipment of fertilizer mixtures both along and across the hopper, and an overload device for feeding the fertilizer mixture from the conveyor conveyor to centrifugal spreaders. 2. The mixer-spreader according to claim 1, characterized in that the hopper consists of three compartments formed by two transverse and longitudinal partitions. 3. The mixer-spreader according to claim 1, characterized in that the hopper consists of four compartments formed by two transverse and two longitudinal partitions.

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