RU2440265C2 - Semitrailer wheels steering system - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: transport.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to machine building. Proposed system may be mounted on vehicle body. It comprises wheel frame with side members and cross beams to support rotary mechanism including system of tie rods and levers coupled to turn. Rotary mechanism is secured to turn toward wheel frame. Besides, said system comprises supporting lifting mechanism, mechanism of reversing system into neutral position and mechanism to transmit semitrailer wheels turn direction. Wheel frame additionally comprises crossbar to secure rotary mechanism and to support axle with central hub provided with braking mechanism. Rotary mechanism frame is rigidly secured on said central hub, coupled with supporting lifting mechanism and mechanism of reversing system into neutral position. Said mechanism to transmit semitrailer wheels turn direction is mounted on wheel frame crossbar and coupled with semitrailer wheels.

EFFECT: better controllability.

6 cl, 12 dwg

Description

The invention relates to transport engineering and is intended, in particular, for use with heavy transport semi-trailers having a group of single wheels.

A device for controlling the wheels of a semitrailer of a vehicle by ed. St. No. 1049323 [1], comprising a drawbar and a parallelogram frame with two drawbars parallel to the drawbar, connected by hinges with a vertical axis on one side to the drawbar, and on the other hand, with a two-arm lever mounted on the drawbar with the possibility of rotation and connected eccentrically with a link to the drawbar, which is pivotally connected to the axle of the steered wheels of the semi-trailer. In order to increase the stability of controllability of the semitrailer by movement, the traction of the parallelogram frame is additionally equipped with horizontal hinges located on the same axis as the drawbar hinge, and the two-arm lever is mounted on the drawbar between the horizontal hinge and the drawbar attachment point to the semi-trailer frame, while the axle of the traction beam, horizontal hinges and shoulders the levers are located in one plane, and the drawbar is rigidly connected to the frame of the semi-trailer.

However, the known device is not intended to control the wheels of a heavy semi-trailer.

A device for controlling the wheels of a semi-trailer according to ed. St. 856883, 1979.11.16 [2]. To achieve the objective of the invention is to improve the operational properties of the semi-trailer by improving maneuverability when moving forward and reverse and reducing dynamic loads in a cable drive, the device is equipped with spring-loaded stops installed in the holes of the pivot arm, made in the form of grooves, and the control system is made in the form of two control valves , the first of which is mechanically controlled hydraulically connected to the hydraulic pump and to the end cavities of the second valve, ying hydraulically controlled, the latter being hydraulically connected to the hydraulic pump, hydraulic reservoir and said hydraulic cylinder, a cavity through which the inductors are connected with the end cavities of the second control valve, wherein the valve body and connected respectively with the last semi-trailer and the tractor frame.

However, all the wheel control devices of the semi-trailers known from the prior art (until about 2000) are not designed to control the wheels of a heavy semi-trailer, and are not adapted to withstand the maximum payloads.

Currently, there is a steady and growing demand for heavy transport. At the same time, approximately 20% of heavy transport trailers are heavy duty trailers for transporting heavy goods. These trailers need a double-pitch wheel system in which the front and rear axles of the trailer are equipped with adjacent pairs of double-pitch wheels to withstand excessive loads. Most (80%) heavy trailers are designed to withstand maximum payloads using a group of single-wheel wheels. On most trailers, wheels are mounted on the transverse axes, grouped in front and behind the trailer to provide control of trailer rotation and reduced tire abrasion. However, trailers of this type have limited maneuverability. The location of the tires in the middle of the trailer is unacceptable, since the tires will experience rolling resistance on the road at every turn of the trailer, which will lead to great tire wear as well as road wear. In addition, tires located in the middle of the trailer will be unable to successfully pass mounds and other bumps on the road without destroying the entire suspension of the trailer. If the trailer rests only on the wheels front and rear, then the trailer chassis extending between the drive axle in front of the trailer and the rear axle must be strong enough to withstand payloads in the middle of the trailer where there is no wheel support.

From the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2244616 [3] it is known to control the rotation of the tool, including two control the rotation of the node, mounted rotatably on each of the front and rear parts of the wheel frame and made to actuate for independent displacement of the front and rear parts across the body vehicle.

The turning control units are linear support actuators having a reciprocating piston, and such pistons are mounted on the frame by means of a swivel joint. The support for the hinge of the wheel suspension, designed to be located between two rotary elements, contains a cylindrical sleeve support defining the central axis and having open ends with curved belts. The known device is designed to increase maneuverability and provide greater payload and less tire wear on heavy trailers. However, for use in heavy-duty semi-trailers, the well-known turning control tool has redundancy and complexity.

According to the totality of the features, the turning control means according to the patent No. 2244616 [3] is selected as the closest analogue.

The technical result of the claimed invention is the creation of a steering system for the rotation of the wheels of the semitrailer, providing passage of turns of the tractor and semitrailer along one trajectory. In this case, it is possible to increase the base length of semitrailers, increase the number of links of the road train without the risk of the latter leaving the lane. A significant difference between the claimed control system and the known technical solutions is that it is not connected to the tractor, but is autonomously mounted on the frame of the semi-trailer, which eliminates the additional aggregation with the tractor.

The invention is illustrated by drawings.

Figure 1 - diagram of the inventive system when not working (marching) position of the rotary device.

Figure 2 - diagram of the inventive system when the working position of the rotary device.

Figure 3 - diagram of the inventive system when driving straight.

Figure 4 - diagram of the inventive system when turning to the left.

Figure 5 - diagram of the inventive system when turning to the right.

6 is a diagram of the mechanisms of the inventive system.

7 is a diagram of the supporting-lifting mechanism.

Fig. 8 is a diagram of a locking mechanism.

Fig.9 - frame design: 9A - V-shaped frame 7; 9b - frame 4 of the rotary mechanism; 9c - subframe 6.

Figure 10 - diagram of the mechanism of the external bipod.

11 is a diagram of the mechanism of the internal bipod.

12 is a diagram of the mutual arrangement of the bipod of the turning direction transfer mechanism (MPNP) to the wheels of the semi-trailer.

Explanation of the position of the rotary device:

1 - additional traverse

2 - axis

3 - brake drum

4 - rotary mechanism frame

5 - jet thrust

6 - subframe

-образная рама7 - lifting

-shaped frame

8 - lifting axle

9 - swivel wheels

10 - pneumatic booster bipod

11 - lever for manual control

12 - pneumatic cylinders

13 - lifting fork

14 - crane

15 - roller

16 - shock absorber

17 - spar

18 - thrust

19 - bracket

20 - finger

21 - external bipod

22 - inner bipod

23 - semitrailer wheels

24 - thrust

25 - pneumatic cylinder

26 - pneumatic cylinder lifting fork

27 - pneumatic cylinder

28 - pneumatic cylinder

29 - crane

30 - ∧-shaped traverse

31 - pneumocrane ∧-shaped traverse 30

32 - groove ∧-shaped traverse

33 - pneumocrane.

The inventive control system of the wheels of the semi-trailer is made with the possibility of installation on the body of a vehicle (semi-trailer) containing a wheel frame with spars and traverses.

The system includes a rotary mechanism, including a lifting and lifting mechanism, a mechanism for returning the system to a neutral position, and a mechanism for transmitting the direction of rotation (MPNP) to the wheels of the semi-trailer.

A wheel frame with spars and traverses serves as a support for the rotary mechanism (figure 3). For this, it contains an additional traverse 1 (Fig. 3), an axis 2 (Fig. 7) fixed to it with a central hub (not indicated), equipped with a brake mechanism in the form of a brake drum 3 (Fig. 7). A rotary frame 4 (Fig. 9b) is rigidly fixed on the central hub, to which a lifting and lifting mechanism and a mechanism for returning the system to a neutral position are connected.

-образной (фиг.9а), снабженную подъемной осью 8 и поворотными колесами 9, а также рычагами 11 для ручного управления. Подъемная

-образная рама 7 шарнирно соединена с поворотной рамой 4 и подрамником 6 (фиг.9в), который, в свою очередь, шарнирно соединен через пневмоцилиндр 25, реактивную тягу 5 и

-образную раму 7 с поворотной рамой 4 (фиг.7). Работу опорно-подъемного механизма обеспечивают также пневмоцилиндры 12 (фиг.7) и амортизаторы 16 (фиг.7), шарнирно и попарно закрепленные на поворотной раме 4. Кроме того, на поворотной раме установлены два пневмокрана 14 и 29.Supporting and lifting mechanism (Fig.7) contains a lifting frame 7, which can be performed

-shaped (figa), equipped with a lifting axle 8 and swivel wheels 9, as well as levers 11 for manual control. Lifting

-shaped frame 7 is pivotally connected to a rotary frame 4 and a subframe 6 (Fig. 9c), which, in turn, is pivotally connected through a pneumatic cylinder 25, a jet rod 5 and

-shaped frame 7 with a rotatable frame 4 (Fig.7). The operation of the support and lifting mechanism is also provided by pneumatic cylinders 12 (Fig. 7) and shock absorbers 16 (Fig. 7), pivotally and in pairs mounted on the rotary frame 4. In addition, two pneumatic cranes 14 and 29 are installed on the rotary frame.

The mechanism for returning the system to the neutral position (Figs. 7, 8) includes a lifting fork 13 pivotally mounted on the swing frame 4 and equipped with a pneumatic cylinder 26. A roller 15 is fixed on top of the fork 13. Moreover, ∧- is fixed between the side members 17 above the fork 13; traverse 30 with a groove 32, equipped with a pneumatic crane 31.

The mechanism for transmitting the direction of rotation (MPNP) to the wheels of the semi-trailer is made in the form of an external 21 and an internal 22 bipod (Fig.6, 10, 11, 12), rigidly fixed through the bracket 19 on the spar 17 (Fig.12). The connection can be made through the finger 20, passing through the bracket 19 and rigidly connecting the outer 21 and inner 22 bipod. The inner bipod 22 is connected by a link 24 to the pivoting frame 4. The link 24 is equipped with a pneumatic crane 33. The outer bipod 21 in its middle part is connected by a link 18 to the wheels 23 of the semi-trailer. On the top of the bipod 21, two pneumatic amplifiers 10 are pivotally fixed, which are pivotally mounted to the spar 17.

Description of the operation of the mechanisms of the control system of the wheels of the semi-trailer.

The rotary mechanism has two control positions: neutral (figure 1) and working (figure 2). When the mechanism is in the neutral position, the road train moves with a locked wheel control system. When the mechanism is brought into working position, the road train has the ability to maneuver by controlling the wheels of the semi-trailer.

The wheel control system of the semi-trailer is as follows.

-образная рама 7 опускается вниз, опираясь колесами 9, соединенными осью 8, на дорожное полотно. Поворотный механизм имеет возможность свободного вращения на оси 2, повторяя траекторию движения тягача. При движении прямо (фиг.3) колеса полуприцепа 23 и колеса 9 поворотного механизма находятся на одной прямой линии. При повороте налево (фиг.4) и повороте направо (фиг.5) колеса полуприцепа и колеса 9 поворотного механизма оказываются на разных линиях.The driver from the control panel sends a signal to the pneumatic cock 14 (Fig.6) to supply air to the pneumatic cylinders 12, in parallel, the air pressure in the pneumatic cylinders 25 and 26 is turned off. As a result of the operation of the pneumatic cylinders 12

-shaped frame 7 is lowered down, resting on wheels 9 connected by an axis 8 on the roadway. The rotary mechanism has the possibility of free rotation on the axis 2, repeating the trajectory of the tractor. When driving straight (Fig. 3), the wheels of the semi-trailer 23 and the wheels 9 of the rotary mechanism are in one straight line. When turning left (Fig. 4) and turning right (Fig. 5), the wheels of the semi-trailer and the wheels 9 of the rotary mechanism are on different lines.

The rotational movement of the rotary mechanism through the rod 24 is converted into a longitudinal movement of the bipod 22, which mirrors the movement of the bipod 21 through the finger 20 located in the bracket 19. The bipod 21 transmits the movement to the rod 18, which controls the rotation of the wheels 23.

The transmission of movement to the thrust 18 is provided by the reinforcement of the pneumatic cylinders 10 located on the external bipod 21 with the commands of the pneumatic crane 33 located on the thrust 24.

In the case of maximum (emergency) rotation of the rotary mechanism in one direction or another, the pneumatic valve 14 accidentally relieves air pressure from the pneumatic cylinders 12 to facilitate lateral sliding of the wheels 9 on the axis 8. When the rotary mechanism returns to its original position, the pneumatic valve 14 resumes the air supply to the pneumatic cylinders 12.

-образной рамы 7. Поднимаясь,

-образная рама 7 нажимает на пневмокран 29, который подает давление в пневмоцилиндр 26, который, в свою очередь, поднимает вилку 13. Поднимаясь, вилка 13 упирается роликом 15 в ∧-образную траверсу 30. Ролик 15 начинает двигаться по поверхности ∧-образной траверсы 30, одновременно поворачивая весь поворотный механизм при помощи пневмоусиления по вышеописанной схеме, то есть через пневмокран 33 и пневмоцилиндры 10. Ролик 15, поднимаясь вверх, попадает в паз 22 и нажимает на пневмокран 31, который включает тормозной барабан 3. Таким образом, весь поворотный механизм блокируется в нейтральном положении.The mechanism for returning the rotary system to the neutral position and its blocking works as follows. Upon receipt of a signal from the control panel of the mechanism of the rotary wheels to return to the neutral position, the pneumatic valve 14 turns off the pneumatic cylinders 12 and turns on the pneumatic cylinder 25

-shaped frame 7. Rising,

-shaped frame 7 presses the pneumatic valve 29, which supplies pressure to the pneumatic cylinder 26, which, in turn, lifts the fork 13. When rising, the fork 13 abuts the roller 15 against the ∧-shaped traverse 30. The roller 15 begins to move along the surface of the ∧-shaped traverse 30, while turning the entire rotary mechanism by pneumatic reinforcement according to the above scheme, that is, through the pneumatic valve 33 and pneumatic cylinders 10. The roller 15, rising up, falls into the groove 22 and presses the pneumatic valve 31, which includes the brake drum 3. Thus, the entire rotary m The mechanism is locked in the neutral position.

When reversing, you can manually, manually, turn the wheels of the semi-trailer 23 using levers 11. To do this, raise the V-shaped frame 7, tearing the wheels 9 connected by an axis 8 from the roadway.

-образную раму 7 и привести механизм поворотных колес в нейтральное положение можно механической лебедкой с последующей блокировкой фиксатором.If necessary (in the absence of air pressure in the pneumatic system), raise

-shaped frame 7 and the mechanism of the swivel wheels can be brought into a neutral position by a mechanical winch with subsequent locking by a lock.

INFORMATION SOURCES

1. Copyright certificate No. 1049323. A device for controlling the wheels of a vehicle semitrailer. Published: 10.23.1983.

2. Copyright certificate No. 856883. Device for controlling the wheels of a semi-trailer Published: 1979.11.16.

3. RF patent №2324616. Steered single wheel unit for trailers. Published 2008.05.20 - the closest analogue.

Claims (6)

1. The control system of the wheels of the semitrailer, made with the possibility of installation on the vehicle body, comprising a wheel frame with spars and traverses, which serves as a support for the rotary mechanism, comprising a system of rods and levers connected with the possibility of rotation, while the rotary mechanism is mounted rotatably attached to the wheel the frame, characterized in that the system further comprises a lifting and lifting mechanism, a mechanism for returning the system to a neutral position and a mechanism for transmitting the direction of rotation of the count the semitrailer itself, while the wheel frame is equipped with an additional traverse for mounting the rotary mechanism, on which an axis is fixed with a central hub equipped with a brake mechanism, and the rotary mechanism frame is rigidly fixed to the central hub, to which the supporting-lifting mechanism and the system return mechanism to the neutral are connected position, and the mechanism for transmitting the direction of rotation to the wheels of the semitrailer is mounted on the spar of the wheel frame and is connected by traction to the wheels of the semitrailer. 2. The control system of the wheels of the semi-trailer according to claim 1, characterized in that the support and lifting mechanism comprises a lifting frame provided with a lifting axle and swivel wheels, as well as levers for manual control, and the lifting frame is pivotally connected to the swing frame and subframe, which, in turn, pivotally connected through a pneumatic cylinder, jet thrust and a frame with a rotary frame. 3. The control system of the wheels of the semi-trailer according to claim 2, characterized in that the lifting frame is made

-shaped. 4. The control system of the wheels of the semi-trailer according to claim 2, characterized in that the support and lifting mechanism contains pneumatic cylinders, shock absorbers and pneumatic valves mounted on a rotary frame, and the pneumatic cylinders and shock absorbers are fixed pivotally and in pairs. 5. The control system of the wheels of the semi-trailer according to claim 1, characterized in that the mechanism for returning the system to the neutral position includes a lifting fork pivotally mounted on a swing frame and equipped with a pneumatic cylinder, and a roller is fixed on the top of the fork, while mounting above the fork between the side members ∧-shaped traverse with a groove equipped with a pneumatic crane. 6. The control system of the wheels of the semi-trailer according to claim 1, characterized in that the mechanism for transmitting the direction of rotation of the wheels of the semi-trailer is made in the form of external and internal bipods, rigidly fixed through the bracket on the side member, while the internal bipod is connected by a rod with a rotary frame, and the rod is equipped with a pneumatic crane and the outer bipod in its middle part is connected by a traction to the wheels of the semi-trailer, while on the top of the outer bipod there are fixed pneumatic cylinders pivotally mounted on the side member of the wheel frame.

Images