RU2438347C1 - Method for feeding broiler chickens - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: food industry.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture, in particular, to a method for feeding poultry. The method involves feeding broiler chickens with a base feed mixture and vitamin-and-mineral premix based on sapropel. The filler in the premix is represented by sapropel with moisture content equal to 20-25%, the sapropel is recovered from the Omsk Region lakes. The premix is introduced in the base feed mixture in an amount of 1%.

EFFECT: invention allows to increase chicken body weight gain, reduce labour intensity of the premix preparation and production expenditures due to reduction of the premix cost, enhance production profitability, improve technological properties.

3 tbl, 1 ex

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to a method for feeding poultry.

Premixes are enrichment mixtures of biologically active substances of microbiological and chemical synthesis (vitamins, macro- and microelements, amino acids, hormones, enzyme preparations, etc.) used to increase the nutritional value of compound feeds and / or to give them a therapeutic or preventive effect. As a medium for the uniform distribution of microadditives and separation of chemically incompatible premix particles, a filler is used - a feed agent that meets the requirements of GOST R 52356-2005. This may be crushed grain and its processed products, meal, feed yeast, etc.

The closest technical solution chosen for the prototype is a standard premix, which contains minerals and vitamins, and bran as moisture content of 8-13% as a filler (see Feeding livestock (reference) / Venediktov AM, Viktorov P.I., Gruzdev N.V. et al. / Under the editorship of Kalashnikov A.P. and Kleimenov N.I. - M .: Rosselkhozizdat, 1988, p. 96).

However, the use of bran as a filler is not cost-effective enough and does not provide high preservation of vitamins.

A known method of feeding poultry using a premix including vitamins A, D ₃ , K, B ₁ , B ₂ , B ₃ , B ₄ , B ₅ , B ₆ , B _s , B ₁₂ , H, C, iron, manganese, zinc , copper, cobalt, iodine, staphak-500 feed antibiotic, selenium, and as a filler - sapropel of the Chebulin deposit of the Novosibirsk region. The well-known premix is introduced into the diet at the level of 4% instead of the corresponding amount of compound feed, while sapropel is a source of biologically active substances, into which the missing amount of vitamins and minerals is additionally added taking into account the biologically active substances found in sapropel itself (see Russian patent for invention RU 2096969 from 05/13/1996).

The disadvantages of this method of feeding include the following.

1. The use of feed antibiotic in the premix reduces the quality of the products and causes addiction to microorganisms. Currently, antibiotics are used only for therapeutic purposes, according to the scheme developed by the veterinary specialist of the economy.

2. Since sapropel has a low nutritional value, replacing 4% of the feed mixture with a premix based on it leads to a decrease in the overall nutritional value of the diet. To meet the needs of poultry in energy and protein, there is a need to increase the proportion of other highly nutritious ingredients of the main feed mixture, which means it increases its cost. In addition, due to differences in the composition of sapropel, not all deposits can compensate for the required amount of vitamins and minerals when entering 4% into the feed mixture, sometimes it may require much more.

3. To determine the amount of biologically active substances introduced into the premix, it is necessary to take into account their content in the sapropel itself, but the composition of the sapropel is not constant and is subject to significant fluctuations depending on the deposits and the depth of occurrence, therefore, constant monitoring of raw materials through expensive biochemical analyzes is required. This significantly increases the complexity of preparing the premix and its cost.

The objective of the invention is to develop a premix that allows you to increase the live weight gain of broiler chickens, reduce the complexity of its manufacture and production costs, improve technological properties.

This problem is solved by using a vitamin-mineral premix based on sapropel with a moisture content of 20-25%, extracted from the lakes of the Omsk region, and the premix is introduced into the main feed mixture in an amount of 1%.

Sapropel deposits in the Omsk region is a homogeneous gelatinous mass, including: nitrogen - 2.28%, phosphorus - 0.69%, calcium - 2.09%, sodium - 0.14%, crude ash - 12.58%, vitamins ( A, E, groups B), microelements (iodine, selenium, manganese, copper, zinc, cobalt), rich amino acid composition (lysine - 0.36, methionine - 0.15, cystine - 0.22, leucine - 0.49 , isoleucine 0.32, phenylalanine 0.34, valine 0.49, arginine 0.37, threonine 0.57, tryptophan 0.15, glycine 0.75, histidine 0.61, alanine - 0.58, tyrosine - 0.39, aspartic acid - 1.08, glutamic acid - 0.74, serine - 0.41%).

A feature of sapropel is that about 65-70% of the moisture in it in its natural state is accounted for by free water, which is poorly retained in the material, and the remaining 30-35% is water physically bound to organic matter. Moreover, the more organic matter in sapropel, the higher its humidity. The tar and ichthyol-like substances dissolved in water, enzymes, antioxidants and hormone-like substances are in an active state, have better bioavailability and have a positive effect on the body even in small quantities. Experiments have shown that feeding wet sapropel to a bird is more effective than dry feeding (see About the possibility of using sapropel in feeding meat chickens. Maltseva N.A., Yakunina N.I., Maltsev A.B. // Collected scientific tr . "Achievements and Actual Problems of Poultry Production in Siberia", 1997, v.4, p.69-71).

Sapropel of higher humidity has better technological characteristics compared to the prototype - it reduces dusting, has a large bulk mass and angle of repose, less fluidity. The use of sapropel with a moisture content of 20-35%, instead of the known method of feeding with a filler humidity of 8-10%, saves resources and reduces the complexity of preparing sapropel.

The proposed method for feeding broiler chickens increases the growth rate by 2.0-7.4%, economic efficiency - by 3-7.2%, reduces feed costs by reducing the cost of premix by 2-3% compared to peers.

Example.

Sapropel deposits in the Omsk region with a humidity of 45-50% were dried to a moisture content of 8-15, 20-25 and 26-35%, crushed for uniformity and used as a filler for experimental premixes. A standard premix on bran with a moisture content of 8-10% was taken as control. The content of biologically active additives in all premixes was the same and corresponded to the recommended input standards for broiler chickens (table 1).

Table 1 The content of vitamins and minerals in the premix Name amount A (retinol), million ME 15.0 D ₃ (calciferol), ppm ME 5,0 E (tocopherol), g 75.0 K, g 4.0 B ₁ (thiamine), g 3.0 B ₂ (riboflavin), g 8.0 B ₃ (pantothenic acid), g 18.0 B ₅ (nicotinic acid), g 60.0 B ₆ (pyridoxine), g 5,0 In _s (folic acid), g 2.0 B ₁₂ (cyancobalamin), g 0,025 Copper g 2.5 Iodine, g 1,0 Iron, g 10.0 Manganese, g 100.0 Zinc, g 80.0 Selenium g 0.15

During storage, premixes were periodically tested for the activity of vitamins A, D ₃ , E and group B. As a result of studies, it was found that the use of sapropel with a moisture content of 8-25% in premixes can increase the resistance to destruction of vitamins, including late shelf life (up to 6 months), while premixes on sapropel with a moisture content of 26-35% are recommended to be used within 2 months after manufacture, since long-term storage leads to a decrease in the safety of fat-soluble vitamins in them.

To determine the effectiveness of using the proposed premixes, studies were conducted on broiler chickens of the Sibiryak-2 cross from the daily to 42 days of age. The experimental design is presented in table 2.

table 2 Experience outline Group Livestock, Goals Feeding feature Control 120 OR with 1% vitamin and mineral premix on bran with a moisture content of 8-13% 1 experienced 120 OR with 1% vitamin and mineral premix on sapropel with a moisture content of 8-15% 2 experienced 120 OR with 1% vitamin and mineral premix on sapropel with a moisture content of 20-25% 3 experienced 120 OR with 1% vitamin and mineral premix on sapropel with a moisture content of 26-35%

Technological parameters of cultivation for all groups were the same. The control and experimental groups were fed with placer feeds balanced in nutrients according to the guidelines for working with poultry of this cross country. Differences in feeding consisted in the fact that the experimental groups received a feed mixture with the declared premixes on sapropel, and the control group received a standard premix on bran. The results of the experiment are presented in table 3.

Table 3 Economic and livestock performance of broiler chickens Indicator Group control 1 experienced 2 experienced 3 experienced Preservation,% 97.5 98.3 98.7 95.4 Live weight, g 2158 2221 2319 2274 The average daily gain, g 50,4 51.9 54,2 53.1 Slaughter yield,% 69.2 69,4 70.3 69.6 The cost of feed per 1 kg of growth, kg 1.96 1.93 1.85 1.82 Profitability,% 15.3 17.8 22.4 22.3 Additional profit,% of control - 32,7 46.3 41.9

From the data of table 3 it is seen that the safety of the livestock during the growing period in all experimental groups was quite high - 95.4-98.7%. The greatest live weight is observed in broiler chickens of the second experimental group - it exceeded the control by 7.4%, and the first and third experimental by 4.4 and 2.0%, respectively. A similar conclusion can be made in terms of daily average growth - the best was the group that received feed mixtures with a premix on sapropel with a humidity of 20-25%.

The lowest feed costs per 1 kg of live weight gain are observed in broilers when premixes are introduced into the feed mixture on sapropel with a moisture content of 20-25 and 26-35% - compared to control broilers, they decreased by 5.6 and 7.1%, respectively.

The highest profitability of broiler meat production was observed in the second and third experimental groups, where the difference with the control and the first experimental groups was 7.2 and 4.7%, respectively. The relatively large live weight and low feed consumption per 1 kg of growth in the second experimental group made it possible to obtain 46.3% more profit than in the control group, and an average of 4.4-13.6% more than in the experimental group.

The results of blood sampling studies and control slaughter data indicate that the biochemical parameters of the broiler chickens of the experimental groups corresponded to the norm during all growing periods, and the optimal content of vitamins A, E and D ₃ in the broiler liver proves the good bioavailability of vitamins from premixes on sapropel. This allows us to conclude that the use of sapropel with a moisture content of 20-25% as the filler is most cost-effective.

The proposed method for feeding broiler chickens, compared with the known one, increases the growth rate by 7.5%, profitability - by 7.2%, profit - 46.3%, reduces feed costs by reducing the cost of premix by 2-3 %

Claims (1)

A method of feeding broiler chickens, including the main feed mixture, a vitamin-mineral premix based on sapropel, characterized in that the filler in the premix uses sapropel with a moisture content of 20-25%, extracted from lakes in the Omsk region, and the premix is introduced into the main feed mixture in an amount of 1 %