RU2437694C1 - Method of fire prevention and suppression in peats and dumps and preservation of petroleum reservoirs - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: fire-fighting means.

SUBSTANCE: method involves installation in an immediate proximity from inflammable reservoirs and/or storages, in a water-filled natural impounded body and/or artificial foundation pit, a suction dredge used to supply a pulp made of mixed water and nonflammable disperse grounds from a body bottom and coast and/or a foundation pit bottom and borders by a branched quick-assembled pipeline system presented by pulp lines; a protective layer of the disperse grounds is deposited on a surface of potential or actual seats of fire; a solid mass of combustible materials is soaked with barring oxygen thereto simultaneously. The pulp lines are lengthened as the protective layer is formed, and simultaneously cavities formed by ignition of combustible materials are washed away. The pulp lines are lengthened both in frontal, and in flange directions with disassembling the pipes of the pre-assembled branches of the pipeline system which are not used for fire suppression, and their transmitting onto new fire fighting areas.

EFFECT: invention provides prevention of self-ignition of the inflammable combustible materials during drought, fast fire extinguishing in case of their ignition, and also organic fuel preservation.

9 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to a method for preventing fire on peat bogs, in landfills of industrial wood waste and garbage, as well as the conservation of hydrocarbon materials.

Scientists from VSEGIGEO [1] promise to destroy peat fires in just 2 years and for 1 billion rubles. Unjustified drainage of swamps in the past has now turned into flooding of peat bogs. Judging by the reports of the Ministry of Emergency Situations, firefighters work in such a motto in the Shatursky, Yegoryevsky, Orekhovo-Zuevsky and Kolomensky districts. It is expected that this program will take three years and will cost the federal budget 25 billion rubles.

A known method of extinguishing fires in burning dumps [2]. The invention can be used to extinguish fires in burning rock dumps, as well as in forests and other inaccessible areas. To effectively extinguish the dumps around the perimeter of the burning dump, create protective fences made of flexible fine-mesh material, fixed on balloons in the upper part and equipped with cargo in the lower part, located in mutually perpendicular directions: one across the direction of the prevailing prevailing winds and two along this direction. In this case, using turbojet installations placed at an angle of 30 ° to the fence, a curtain of exhaust gases is created above the surface of the blade in an amount that ensures the exclusion of fresh air to the source of ignition.

A disadvantage of the known solution is that it does not provide for the prophylactic prevention of foci of ignition of flammable materials.

A known method of extinguishing and preventing fires in landfills and peatlands [3]. The known method involves dividing the landfill area into zones with the allocation of the most dangerous possible sources of ignition, then roads are poured along the entire perimeter of the landfill and along the boundaries of the landfill, then a sequential dumping of non-combustible material in the form of a large-tonnage waste from the heat and power industry - fine ash and slag material, first around potential or real sources of ignition to provide access to them and to create an embankment of non-combustible material around the source of ignition. Then this embankment is pushed into the ignition sites until a layer of finely dispersed ash and slag material is created above these areas. The poured ash layer is compacted to create an airtight coating, and in the future the landfill area is reclaimed.

The well-known solution provides an improvement in the environmental situation in the region and largely eliminates the possibility of ignition of landfills (landfills, peat bogs, etc.) from natural ignitions of flammable materials.

The disadvantages of the known technical solutions are the significant costs of transporting and laying a large number of non-combustible materials, the creation of roads and lintels, and the fact that the dry filling method does not eliminate the possibility of underground burning of dry combustible materials.

The prototype of the invention essentially solved the problem and the total number of essential features is a method of extinguishing forest landscape fires [4].

The invention can be used to extinguish a fire in an area with a complex terrain, a large length and a large area. The solution to the technical problem is aimed at creating a method for localizing and extinguishing large-scale fires through the use of branched, quick-assembled piping systems that supply large volumes of water to a considerable distance into the combustion zone. Fire equipment is delivered to the source of fire, a branched quick-assembled pipeline system is installed, and then water is supplied using a mobile stand-alone pumping station to the source of fire, while in the process of extinguishing the fire, branching of the pipeline system is performed both in the frontal and in the flanking directions, performing in this case, the dismantling of pipes on the originally assembled branches of the pipeline system, not used to extinguish fires and transferring them to new fire fighting areas, and the water is stopped after the complete extinguishing.

The main disadvantages of this method is that it does not provide the fast delivery of water to the fires in the required quantity, nor does it provide for the preventive prevention of the occurrence of fires in places where flammable materials are buried, in particular peat and dumps of combustible waste and garbage.

The technical task of the invention is to ensure the prevention of ignition of combustible materials with minimal economic losses through the use of local non-combustible materials and the use of local water resources to create a low-cost, air-tight coating of the most dangerous areas of occurrence of combustible materials and possible foci of ignition, minimize labor costs when using technical means, and also preventive measures to exclude possible zgorany and extinguishing fire outbreaks when they occur.

The technical task of the invention is solved in that a method for preventing and extinguishing fires in peatlands and landfills, including the use of branched quick-assembled piping systems that supply large volumes of water over significant distances to the fires, for which delivery and installation of the piping system are first carried out, and then served water to the source of ignition using a mobile autonomous pumping station, moreover, in the process of extinguishing a fire, the pipeline system in both the frontal and flanking directions, while dismantling the pipes on the originally assembled branches of the pipeline system, not used to extinguish fires and transferring them to new fire extinguishing areas, and the water supply is stopped after complete fire fighting, according to the invention in close proximity from the areas of occurrence of flammable materials and / or their storage, in a natural reservoir and / or in a pit that is torn and filled with water, a dredger is installed, with the help of which ice formed from a mixture of water and non-combustible dispersed soils from the bottom and banks of a reservoir and / or the bottom and sides of a foundation pit, a protective layer of dispersed soils is washed over a pipeline system made in the form of slurry pipelines on the surface of areas of possible or emerging fire sources, soaked with an array of combustible materials and at the same time they block the air access to them, while the slurry pipelines increase as the protective layer is formed and at the same time wash out the cavities formed as a result of the ignition of combustible materials. After applying a protective layer of non-combustible dispersed soils to areas of flammable materials, the pit is used as a fire reservoir or reservoir of a recreation zone. Waste from CHP plants, plants, ash and slag dumps, i.e. finely dispersed materials are disposed of by transporting them to the pit or moving along slurry pipelines, then they are used as material for washing potential fires or burning peat bogs and landfills. The foundation pit (s), the need for which (which) has been eliminated to extinguish fires, is used to store industrial and household waste, while the bottom and sides of the pit (pits) are waterproofed, for example, by lining with a waterproof film. After washing the protective layer, if necessary, it is leveled and compacted. If necessary, to prevent leakage of pulp and / or water along the lowering of the relief, the area to be washed by the pulp is bunded around the perimeter. A field of peat or other combustible material, preserved by the method of washing the pulp, is opened and, as necessary, mined for hydrocarbon production. A pioneer pit is opened or a pond is used in the immediate vicinity of partially flooded peat bogs and, by providing replenishment of the pit with water from the peat bog, it is washed according to the principle of a closed water circuit by forming drainage ditches between the peat bog and the pit. By blocking the drainage ditches between the peat bog and the pit and / or using a dredger, the degree of watering of the peat bog is regulated. If necessary, to prevent leakage of pulp and / or water along the lowering of the relief, the area to be washed by the pulp is bunded around the perimeter.

The drawing in schematic form shows the territory to be protected from fire and / or extinguishing fires, where pos. 1 indicates the contour of the general fire extinguishing area, circuit 2 shows a pit filled with water, into which a dredger 3 with slurry pipe 4 consisting of links 5 is placed , quick-detachable joints 6 and overhead taps 7, where the section of the washed flammable materials is indicated by pos.8, and the section of unwashed flammable materials by pos.9.

The advantage of the invention over the known technical solutions and prototype is as follows:

- the method ensures the prevention of spontaneous combustion of flammable combustible materials during a drought, as well as the rapid extinguishing of a fire in case of ignition of these materials;

- the implementation of the method involves the use of local non-combustible materials to form a protective layer, as well as water from nearby reservoirs and / or wells, which fill the artificial pit to prevent and extinguish fires. Based on the data of VSEGINGEO [1. p.4-5], in remote areas from the central power supply in areas to fill the pits with water, you can use field boreholes. In Central Russia and, in particular, in the Moscow Region, wells can be used whose depths do not exceed 10 meters and which provide sufficient water withdrawal;

- the method allows you to clean the riverbeds, lakes, ponds and other bodies of water when washing arrays of peat and other flammable materials;

- the method allows for the conservation of deposits of fossil fuels (raw materials), while eliminating the threat of swamping;

- Applicant's experience based on participation in the construction of alluvial dams several kilometers long and up to 40 m high at Sary-Yazinsky, Kopet-Dagsky and other reservoirs in Turkmenistan in the 70-80s. of the last century, allows us to attribute the proposed method to highly effective measures when washing soils in significant volumes for relatively short periods of time.

These essential features of the invention as a whole solve the problem, provide high performance in the prevention of fire prevention measures and high reliability at the minimum cost of funds and manual labor using mostly standard equipment for preventing fires and extinguishing fires.

The present invention provides a high technical level due to the presence of significant distinguishing features in conjunction with well-known technical solutions and has industrial applicability and, therefore, according to the applicant, can be protected by the RF Patent.

INFORMATION SOURCES

1. Krupoderov B.C. Macroeconomic indicators. Moscow Komsomolets No. 25472 dated August 18, 2010

2. RU 2343945 C1, IPC A62C 3/02, E21F 5/00 dated 01/20/2009.

3. RU 2350369 C2, IPC А62С 3/02, В09В 1/00 dated 03/27/2009.

4. RU 2350370 C1, IPC A62C 3/02, dated October 29, 2007 (prototype of the invention).

Claims (9)

1. A method of preventing and extinguishing fires in peat bogs and landfills and preserving hydrocarbon feedstock, including the use of branched quick-assembled piping systems that supply large volumes of water over significant distances to the fires, for which delivery and installation of the pipeline system are first carried out, and then water is supplied to a fire source using a mobile autonomous pumping station, and in the process of extinguishing a fire, the pipeline system is built up as in the frontal m, and in the flank directions, while dismantling the pipes on the originally assembled branches of the pipeline system that are not used to extinguish fires, and transferring them to new fire extinguishing areas, and the water supply is stopped after the fire is completely extinguished, while in the immediate vicinity of the sections the occurrence of flammable materials and / or their storage in a natural reservoir and / or in a pit that is torn and filled with water, a dredger is installed, with the help of which a pulp formed from a mixture of water non-combustible dispersed soils from the bottom and banks of the reservoir and / or bottom and sides of the pit, through a piping system made in the form of slurry pipelines, a protective layer of dispersed soils is washed on the surface of areas of possible or emerging fire sources, soaked is an array of combustible materials and at the same time block the air access to them At the same time, the slurry pipelines increase as the protective layer is formed and at the same time wash the cavities formed as a result of the ignition of combustible materials. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that after washing the protective layer of dispersed soils onto areas of flammable materials, the excavation pit is used as a fire reservoir or reservoir of the recreation zone. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the waste from CHP plants, plants, ash and slag dumps, i.e. finely dispersed materials are disposed of by transporting them to the pit or moving along slurry pipelines, then they are used as material for washing potential fires or burning peat bogs and landfills. 4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the pit (s), the need for (which) to extinguish fires has disappeared, is used to store industrial and household waste, while the bottom and sides of the pit (pits) are waterproofed, for example, by lining with waterproof film. 5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that after applying the protective layer, if necessary, it is leveled and compacted. 6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, if necessary, to prevent leakage of the pulp and / or water along the lowering of the relief, the area covered by the pulp is bunded around the perimeter. 7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the field of peat or other combustible material preserved by the method of washing the pulp, as necessary, is opened and hydrocarbon production is made. 8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the pioneer pit is torn off or a pond is used in the immediate vicinity of partially flooded peat bogs and, by providing recharge of the pit with water from the peat bog, it is washed according to the principle of a closed water circuit by forming drainage ditches between the peat bog and the pit . 9. The method according to p. 8, characterized in that by blocking the drainage ditches between the peat bog and the pit and / or using a dredger, the degree of watering of the peat bog is regulated.

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