CN108547599B - Exploitation system and exploitation method of seabed combustible ice - Google Patents
Exploitation system and exploitation method of seabed combustible ice Download PDFInfo
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- CN108547599B CN108547599B CN201810309589.1A CN201810309589A CN108547599B CN 108547599 B CN108547599 B CN 108547599B CN 201810309589 A CN201810309589 A CN 201810309589A CN 108547599 B CN108547599 B CN 108547599B
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B43/00—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells
- E21B43/01—Methods or apparatus for obtaining oil, gas, water, soluble or meltable materials or a slurry of minerals from wells specially adapted for obtaining from underwater installations
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH DRILLING, e.g. DEEP DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B41/00—Equipment or details not covered by groups E21B15/00 - E21B40/00
- E21B41/0099—Equipment or details not covered by groups E21B15/00 - E21B40/00 specially adapted for drilling for or production of natural hydrate or clathrate gas reservoirs; Drilling through or monitoring of formations containing gas hydrates or clathrates
Abstract
The invention discloses a submarine combustible ice mining system, which comprises a submarine mining mechanism, wherein the submarine mining mechanism is connected with the lower end of a composite continuous pipe through an underground joint, the composite continuous pipe bypasses the continuous pipe and is injected into a lifting mechanism, the upper end of the composite continuous pipe is fixedly connected with a continuous pipe retracting mechanism, and the composite continuous pipe is wound on a winding disc of the continuous pipe retracting mechanism; the upper end of the composite material continuous pipe is connected with the gaseous combustible ice liquefying furnace through a gaseous combustible ice conveying pipeline, and the gaseous combustible ice liquefying furnace is connected with the liquid combustible ice conveying pipeline; and the coiled tubing injection lifting mechanism, the coiled tubing retraction and release mechanism and the gaseous combustible ice liquefaction furnace are arranged on the combustible ice offshore mining platform. The invention can realize the safe exploitation of the seabed combustible ice, and makes it possible for human beings to utilize the seabed combustible ice as new energy. The invention can solve the problem of energy shortage. The invention also discloses a method for exploiting the seabed combustible ice.
Description
Technical Field
The invention relates to a submarine combustible ice mining system. The invention also relates to a method for exploiting the seabed combustible ice.
Background
The combustible ice, namely Natural Gas Hydrate (molecular structural formula CH 4. H2O), is a solid cage-shaped crystalline compound formed by combining water and Natural Gas under certain conditions when the water and the Natural Gas are mixed under medium-high pressure and low temperature, and is distributed in permafrost on the deep sea floor or land area. It is called "combustible ice" because it looks like ice and burns when exposed to fire.
At least three basic conditions are met for forming combustible ice: temperature, pressure and raw materials. Firstly, combustible ice is generated below 0 ℃, and is decomposed once the temperature exceeds 20 ℃, and the seabed temperature is generally kept at about 2-4 ℃, which is most suitable for the formation of the combustible ice; secondly, the pressure needs to be large enough, the combustible ice can be generated at 0 ℃ only by 30 atmospheres, the 30 atmospheres can be easily ensured at the depth of the sea bottom, and the deeper the sea bottom, the higher the pressure is, the more stable the combustible ice is; thirdly, a methane gas source is needed, and the sediment of the seabed ancient organism corpse can generate methane after being decomposed by bacteria, so that a sufficient gas source can be generated. The stratum of the seabed is a porous medium, and under the conditions of temperature, pressure and gas source, combustible ice crystals can be generated in the gaps of the medium.
Therefore, most of combustible ice on the earth is distributed in the ocean, and the resource amount of combustible ice in the ocean is estimated to be more than 100 times that on the land. According to the most conservative statistics, the total amount of methane stored in worldwide ocean bottom combustible ice is about 1.8 billion cubic meters (18000X 1012 m)3) About 1.1 trillion tons (11 x 1012t), and this huge amount of energy is expected as future power for human beings, and is a promising future energy source in the 21 st century. The combustible ice is called "21 st century energy" or "future new energy" by western scholars. 1m3The volume of combustible ice can be roughly decomposed to 164m3Volume of methane gas and 0.8m3Fresh water. To date, the reserves of "combustible ice" that have been explored have been more than twice as large as the reserves of traditional fossil energy sources (coal, oil, natural gas, oil shale, etc.) worldwide in marine and continental formations, with submarine combustible ice reserves sufficient for human use for 1000 years.
However, the discovery of combustible ice has brought new energy prospects to human beings, and also has posed a serious challenge to the human living environment. In order to utilize the combustible ice, the combustible ice needs to be transported from the seabed to the sea surface, the environmental conditions of the combustible ice can be obviously changed in the transportation process, the pressure is reduced, the temperature is increased, methane gas escapes, and the solid combustible ice tends to disintegrate. Not only can the seabed combustible ice be utilized as energy, but also if methane gas in the seabed combustible ice escapes to the atmosphere, the strong greenhouse effect can cause climate abnormity and sea surface rising, and the environment on which human beings live can be seriously threatened. In addition, once the combustible ice solidified in the submarine sediments releases methane gas from the combustible ice due to condition change, the physical properties of the sediments can be changed, the engineering mechanical properties of the submarine sediments are greatly reduced, the seabed is softened, and serious accidents such as large-scale submarine landslide and sea ditch collapse can occur. Thus, if the mining is not proper, the consequences are absolutely catastrophic.
In order to obtain such clean energy, many countries around the world are studying the method of mining natural combustible ice. The current mining methods of combustible ice comprise the following three methods:
thermal stimulation mining method: the natural gas hydrate layer is directly heated to make the temperature of the natural gas hydrate layer exceed the equilibrium temperature of the natural gas hydrate layer, so that the combustible ice is promoted to be decomposed into water and natural gas.
And (3) a reduced pressure mining method: the decompression mining method is a mining method for promoting the decomposition of combustible ice by reducing the pressure.
Chemical reagent injection mining method: by injecting certain chemical reagents into the natural gas hydrate layer, the phase equilibrium condition of the combustible ice deposit is destroyed, and the combustible ice is promoted to be decomposed.
When the combustible ice on the seabed is mined, the heat of the thermal activation mining method and chemical reagents used by the chemical reagent injection mining method pollute seawater, and the ocean is seriously damaged by long-term mining. The decompression mining method has special requirements on the properties of the combustible ice deposit, and the decompression mining method has economic feasibility only when the combustible ice deposit is located near the temperature-pressure balance boundary.
For the above reasons, seabed combustible ice has not been put into large-scale commercial exploitation so far.
Disclosure of Invention
The invention aims to provide a submarine combustible ice mining system, which can realize large-scale commercial mining.
In order to solve the technical problems, the technical solution of the mining system for the seabed combustible ice is as follows:
the device comprises a seabed mining mechanism, wherein the seabed mining mechanism is connected with the lower end of a composite material continuous pipe through an underground joint, the composite material continuous pipe bypasses the continuous pipe and is injected into a lifting mechanism, the upper end of the composite material continuous pipe is fixedly connected with a continuous pipe retracting mechanism, and the composite material continuous pipe is wound on a winding disc of the continuous pipe retracting mechanism; the upper end of the composite material continuous pipe is connected with the gaseous combustible ice liquefying furnace through a gaseous combustible ice conveying pipeline, and the gaseous combustible ice liquefying furnace is connected with the liquid combustible ice conveying pipeline; and the coiled tubing injection lifting mechanism, the coiled tubing retraction and release mechanism and the gaseous combustible ice liquefaction furnace are arranged on the combustible ice offshore mining platform.
Furthermore, the seabed mining mechanism comprises a combustible ice seabed temporary storage container, a first isolation cover and a second isolation cover, wherein the combustible ice seabed temporary storage container is connected with the first isolation cover through a first conveying pipeline; the top of the combustible ice seabed temporary storage container is connected with the underground joint, and the bottom of the combustible ice seabed temporary storage container is connected with a second isolation cover through a second conveying pipeline; the first isolation cover is fixedly connected with the submarine excavator, and the submarine excavator is located in the first isolation cover.
Furthermore, a reversing valve is arranged in the underground joint, the reversing valve divides an inner cavity of the underground joint into a first cavity and a second cavity, the first cavity is connected with a drainage pump through a pipeline, and the second cavity is communicated with a cavity of the combustible ice seabed temporary storage container; when the reversing valve is in a closed state, the first cavity of the underground joint is communicated with the inner cavity of the composite material continuous pipe; when the reversing valve is in an open state, the second cavity of the downhole joint is communicated with the inner cavity of the composite material continuous pipe.
Further, the combustible ice seabed temporary storage container is spherical. The first and/or second cages are dome-shaped.
Further, the number of the seabed mining mechanisms is multiple; each submarine mining mechanism is connected with one end of a branch pipeline through an underground joint respectively, and the other ends of the branch pipelines are connected with the lower end of the composite continuous pipe through pipe joints.
Further, the branch pipeline is a composite material pipe.
Further, a rotating shaft of the continuous pipe retracting mechanism is used as a gaseous combustible ice conveying pipeline; one end of a rotating shaft of the coiled tubing retracting and releasing mechanism is connected with the upper end of the composite coiled tubing through an upper hardware fitting joint; the other end of the rotating shaft of the coiled tubing retracting mechanism is connected with the gaseous combustible ice liquefaction furnace.
The invention also provides a method for exploiting the seabed combustible ice, which adopts the technical scheme that the method comprises the following steps:
excavating a mixture containing combustible ice and silt on the seabed by using a seabed excavator, and collecting the obtained combustible ice mixture in a first isolation cover; conveying the combustible ice mixture in the first isolation cover to a combustible ice seabed temporary storage container positioned on the seabed;
forming a pressure difference between the composite material continuous pipe and the combustible ice seabed temporary storage container, and then communicating the combustible ice seabed temporary storage container with the composite material continuous pipe; under the action of the pressure difference, the combustible ice mixture is gasified in the combustible ice seabed temporary storage container to become low-pressure gaseous combustible ice, rises to the top of the combustible ice seabed temporary storage container and flows into the composite material continuous pipe; the silt in the combustible ice mixture is deposited at the bottom of the combustible ice seabed temporary storage container;
the low-pressure gaseous combustible ice is conveyed from the lower end to the upper end of the composite material continuous pipe, so that the conveying from the seabed to the sea surface is realized; during the conveying process, the composite material continuous pipe is heated, the temperature of low-pressure gaseous combustible ice is gradually increased, the pressure is gradually reduced, and combustible ice gas in the mixture is gradually released;
and the gaseous combustible ice flows into the liquefied furnace of the gaseous combustible ice on the sea surface from the composite material continuous pipe, and is liquefied at high pressure in the liquefied furnace to obtain the liquid combustible ice.
The invention also provides a method for exploiting the seabed combustible ice, which adopts the technical scheme that the method comprises the following steps:
step one, closing a reversing valve in an underground joint to seal a composite material continuous pipe; opening two container switch valves of the combustible ice seabed temporary storage container to enable the combustible ice seabed temporary storage container to be communicated with the first isolation cover, the second isolation cover and the external environment;
secondly, injecting water into the closed composite material continuous pipe; conveying the lower end of the composite continuous pipe to the seabed direction through a continuous pipe injection lifting mechanism until a first dome-type isolation cover and/or a seabed excavator and a second dome-type isolation cover connected with the composite continuous pipe reach the seabed with the combustible ice deposit;
thirdly, enabling a submarine excavator to work, excavating a mixture containing combustible ice and silt on the seabed by the submarine excavator in an area surrounded by the first isolation cover, and chopping the mixture to obtain a combustible ice mixture; collecting the obtained combustible ice mixture in a first isolation cover;
fourthly, opening a container switch valve at the output end of the first conveying pipeline, and conveying the combustible ice mixture in the first isolation cover to a combustible ice seabed temporary storage container positioned on the seabed by an electric submersible pump in the first conveying pipeline;
fifthly, when the combustible ice temporary seabed storage container is filled with the combustible ice mixture, stopping the operation of the seabed excavator; enabling the drainage pump to operate, and enabling the drainage pump to discharge water in the composite material continuous pipe into the sea to realize pressure relief of the composite material continuous pipe; then, a reversing valve in the underground joint is opened, under the action of the pressure difference between the composite material continuous pipe and the ice burning seabed temporary storage container, the combustible ice in the combustible ice seabed temporary storage container is gasified into low-pressure gaseous combustible ice, the combustible ice rises to the top of the combustible ice seabed temporary storage container, and the low-pressure gaseous combustible ice flows into the composite material continuous pipe through the underground joint; the silt in the combustible ice mixture is deposited at the bottom of the combustible ice seabed temporary storage container;
sixthly, heating the composite material continuous pipe through the embedded heating cable to keep the pipe body of the composite material continuous pipe at a temperature of at least 20 ℃; the low-pressure gaseous combustible ice in the combustible ice seabed temporary storage container is conveyed from the lower end to the upper end of the composite material continuous pipe, the temperature of the low-pressure gaseous combustible ice is gradually increased in the conveying process, the pressure is gradually reduced, and combustible ice gas in the mixture is gradually released; finally, the gas combustible ice flows into a gas combustible ice liquefaction furnace through a gas combustible ice conveying pipeline, and high-pressure liquefaction is carried out in the liquefaction furnace to obtain liquid combustible ice;
seventhly, when all the combustible ice in the combustible ice seabed temporary storage container is discharged, only silt remains in the combustible ice seabed temporary storage container; and opening a container switch valve at the input end of the second conveying pipeline, and conveying the silt at the bottom of the combustible ice seabed temporary storage container into the second isolation cover by an electric submersible pump in the second conveying pipeline.
Further, after the submarine excavator excavates the combustible ice deposits in the area surrounded by the first dome-type isolation hood, the controller controls the submarine excavator to walk on the seabed so that the first dome-type isolation hood moves from one area of the first mining block to another area, and the submarine excavator continues to excavate the combustible ice deposits in the other area; the controller controls the second dome type isolation hood to walk on the seabed, so that the walking route of the second dome type isolation hood is the same as that of the seabed excavator, namely the second dome type isolation hood follows the walking route of the seabed excavator, and the back filling of the seabed can be realized by the silt discharged from the second dome type isolation hood.
Further, after the submarine excavator excavates combustible ice deposits in all areas in the first mining block, the lower end of the composite continuous pipe is continuously conveyed downwards through the continuous pipe injection lifting mechanism, so that the submarine excavator and the second isolation hood have the freedom degree of walking on the seabed; then, the controller controls the submarine excavator to walk on the seabed so that the first isolation cover moves from the first mining block to the second mining block, and the submarine excavator excavates the combustible ice mineral deposit in the second mining block; the controller controls the second isolation cover to walk on the seabed, so that the walking route of the second isolation cover is the same as that of the seabed excavator, and the silt discharged from the second isolation cover can backfill the seabed.
The invention can achieve the technical effects that:
in the process of mining the seabed combustible ice deposit, the invention carries out mining and collection at the same time, and because the collection operation is carried out on the seabed, the high-pressure low-temperature condition of the combustible ice is not destroyed, the combustible ice is kept in a solid state, the methane gas escape phenomenon cannot occur, the physical property of the deposit cannot be changed, and the serious accidents of seabed landslide, sea ditch collapse and the like are thoroughly avoided.
After the combustible ice is collected in the closed container, firstly, the pressure is reduced under the low-temperature condition of the seabed, so that the combustible ice is slowly gasified; then, heating treatment is carried out while conveying from the seabed to the sea surface, so that the combustible ice is gradually gasified while conveying; and finally, collecting the gasified combustible ice on the sea surface in a liquefying furnace for high-pressure liquefaction to obtain the liquid combustible ice which can be utilized.
The invention utilizes the high-pressure low-temperature condition of the seabed to the maximum extent, firstly carries out preliminary depressurization treatment under the low-temperature condition of the seabed, and then carries out heating treatment in the process of conveying from the seabed to the sea surface, thereby gradually gasifying the combustible ice, avoiding the phenomenon that methane gas escapes into the atmosphere in the conveying process, thoroughly solving the pollution to the atmosphere and the sea in the mining process, having high mining efficiency and good economic effect.
The invention can realize the safe exploitation of the seabed combustible ice, and makes it possible for human beings to utilize the seabed combustible ice as new energy. The invention can solve the problem of energy shortage.
The invention can be helpful to realize the commercial exploitation of the seabed combustible ice, and the exploitation of the combustible ice is substantially advanced.
Drawings
It is to be understood by those skilled in the art that the following description is only exemplary of the principles of the present invention, which may be applied in numerous ways to achieve many different alternative embodiments. These descriptions are made for the purpose of illustrating the general principles of the present teachings and are not meant to limit the inventive concepts disclosed herein.
The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute a part of this specification, illustrate embodiments of the invention and, together with the general description given above and the detailed description of the drawings given below, serve to explain the principles of the invention.
The invention is described in further detail below with reference to the following figures and detailed description:
FIG. 1 is a schematic view of a subsea combustible ice production system of the present invention;
FIG. 2 is a schematic view of another embodiment of the present invention;
fig. 3 is a schematic view of the state of use of the present invention.
The reference numbers in the figures illustrate:
1 is a seabed mining mechanism, 2 is a downhole joint,
3 is a composite material continuous pipe, 4 is a continuous pipe injection lifting mechanism,
5 is a coiled pipe retracting mechanism, 6 is a gaseous combustible ice liquefaction furnace,
7 is a booster pump, 8 is a combustible ice offshore mining platform,
1-1 is a flammable ice seabed temporary storage container, 1-2 is a first dome type isolation hood,
1-3 is a second dome-shaped isolation cover, 1-4 is a first conveying pipeline,
1-5 is a second conveying pipeline, 1-6 is a submarine excavator,
1-7 and 1-8 are electric submersible pumps,
2-1 is a reversing valve, and 2-2 is a drainage pump.
Detailed Description
In order to make the objects, technical solutions and advantages of the embodiments of the present invention clearer, the technical solutions of the embodiments of the present invention will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the drawings of the embodiments of the present invention. It is to be understood that the embodiments described are only a few embodiments of the present invention, and not all embodiments. All other embodiments, which can be derived by a person skilled in the art from the described embodiments of the invention without any inventive step, are within the scope of protection of the invention. Unless defined otherwise, technical or scientific terms used herein shall have the ordinary meaning as understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention belongs. As used herein, the terms "first," "second," and the like, do not denote any order, quantity, or importance, but rather are used to distinguish one element from another. The word "comprising" and similar words are intended to mean that the elements or items listed before the word cover the elements or items listed after the word and their equivalents, without excluding other elements or items. The terms "connected" or "coupled" and the like are not restricted to physical or mechanical connections, but may include electrical connections, whether direct or indirect.
As shown in fig. 1, the system for exploiting the seabed combustible ice comprises a seabed exploiting mechanism 1, wherein the seabed exploiting mechanism 1 is connected with the lower end of a composite material continuous pipe 3 through a downhole joint 2, the composite material continuous pipe 3 bypasses a continuous pipe injection lifting mechanism 4, the upper end of the composite material continuous pipe 3 is fixedly connected with a continuous pipe retracting mechanism 5, and the composite material continuous pipe 3 is wound on a winding disc of the continuous pipe retracting mechanism 5; the composite material coiled pipe 3 with enough length is stored on a winding disc of the coiled pipe retracting mechanism 5, and the composite material coiled pipe 3 can be lowered to a specified length by the coiled pipe injecting and lifting mechanism 4 according to different mining depths;
the upper end of the composite material continuous pipe 3 is connected with a gaseous combustible ice liquefaction furnace 6 through a gaseous combustible ice conveying pipeline, and the gaseous combustible ice liquefaction furnace 6 is connected with a liquid combustible ice conveying pipeline; a booster pump 7 is arranged on the liquid combustible ice conveying pipeline;
preferably, the rotating shaft of the coiled tubing retracting mechanism 5 is used as a gaseous combustible ice conveying pipeline;
one end of a rotating shaft of the coiled tubing retracting mechanism 5 is connected with the upper end of the composite coiled tubing 3 through an upper hardware fitting joint; the other end of the rotating shaft of the continuous pipe retracting mechanism 5 is connected with a gaseous combustible ice liquefaction furnace 6;
the coiled tubing injection lifting mechanism 4, the coiled tubing retraction and release mechanism 5 and the gaseous combustible ice liquefaction furnace 6 are fixedly arranged on the combustible ice offshore mining platform 8.
The seabed mining mechanism 1 comprises a combustible ice seabed temporary storage container 1-1, a first dome type isolation hood 1-2 and a second dome type isolation hood 1-3, wherein the combustible ice seabed temporary storage container 1-1 is connected with the first dome type isolation hood 1-2 through a first conveying pipeline 1-4; the top of the combustible ice seabed temporary storage container 1-1 is connected with the underground joint 2, and the bottom of the combustible ice seabed temporary storage container 1-1 is connected with a second dome type isolation cover 1-3 through a second conveying pipeline 1-5;
the first dome-shaped isolation cover 1-2 is fixedly connected with a submarine excavator 1-6, the submarine excavator 1-6 is positioned in the cavity of the first dome-shaped isolation cover 1-2, the submarine excavator 1-6 can work in the area surrounded by the first dome-shaped isolation cover 1-2, and combustible ice mixture generated by submarine excavator 1-6 in submarine work can be collected in the first dome-shaped isolation cover 1-2;
the output end of the first conveying pipeline 1-4 is connected with the temporary storage container 1-1 for combustible ice seabed through a container switch valve, and the input end of the second conveying pipeline 1-5 is connected with the temporary storage container 1-1 for combustible ice seabed through another container switch valve;
a reversing valve 2-1 is arranged in the underground joint 2, the reversing valve 2-1 divides an inner cavity of the underground joint 2 into a first cavity and a second cavity, the first cavity is connected with a drainage pump 2-2 through a pipeline, and the second cavity is communicated with a cavity of the combustible ice seabed temporary storage container 1-1; when the reversing valve 2-1 is in a closed state, the first cavity of the underground joint 2 is communicated with the inner cavity of the composite material continuous pipe 3, and at the moment, the drainage pump 2-2 can drain water in the composite material continuous pipe 3, so that negative pressure is formed in the composite material continuous pipe 3; when the reversing valve 2-1 is in an open state, the second cavity of the underground joint 2 is communicated with the inner cavity of the composite material continuous pipe 3, and at the moment, the gaseous combustible ice in the combustible ice seabed temporary storage container 1-1 can flow into the composite material continuous pipe 3 through the second cavity of the underground joint 2;
the first conveying pipeline 1-4 and the second conveying pipeline 1-5 are respectively provided with an electric submersible pump 1-7 and an electric submersible pump 1-8; the electric submersible pumps 1-7 and 1-8 are respectively connected with the input end of a data optical fiber or a signal wire embedded in the composite material continuous pipe 3 through lower hardware fittings, and the output end of the data optical fiber or the signal wire is connected with a controller positioned on the combustible ice offshore mining platform 8.
Preferably, the combustible ice seabed temporary storage container 1-1 is spherical; in the operation process of the mining system, the combustible ice seabed temporary storage container 1-1 is positioned on the seabed so as to ensure the low pressure condition of the combustible ice; and the spherical container can bear the huge water pressure generated by the seawater.
The first and second dome-shaped partitions 1-2 and 1-3 of the present invention are dome-shaped and can withstand a great water pressure generated from seawater.
The submarine excavator 1-6 adopted by the invention is the prior art, is a crawler excavator in common use at present, and can excavate combustible ice deposits under 1500 m deep water and perform cutting operation at the same time of excavation.
The coiled tubing injection lifting mechanism 4 adopted by the invention can adopt the existing coiled tubing injection head device, and can convey or lift the composite coiled tubing 3 downwards.
The coiled tubing payout and payout mechanism 5 employed in the present invention may be a reel.
The composite material continuous pipe 3 comprises a three-layer pipe body, and a hollow channel is formed in the pipe body; the inner layer of the pipe body is an inner liner layer, the middle layer is a structural layer, and the outer layer is an outer protective layer; a heating cable, a data optical fiber or a signal wire extending along the length direction of the pipe body is embedded in the inner liner;
the material of the inner liner layer can be selected from ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene, PA (polyamide), PVDF (polyvinylidene fluoride) and the like, so that the inner wall of the composite material continuous pipe 3 has the characteristics of corrosion resistance and wear resistance;
the structural layer is made of reinforced fibers such as aramid fibers, carbon fibers, glass fibers or other high-performance fibers; the lining layer enables the composite material continuous pipe 3 to bear various mechanical loads;
the outer protective layer can be made of high-temperature-resistant high-density polyethylene, so that the outer protective layer not only can play a role in protection, but also enables the outer wall of the composite material continuous pipe 3 to have the corrosion-resistant characteristic and can resist the corrosion of seawater;
the heating cable can heat the composite continuous pipe 3 to raise the temperature of the inner cavity of the composite continuous pipe 3, so that the combustible ice is gasified in the conveying process, and the later separation difficulty and the exploitation energy consumption are reduced;
the data optical fibers or signal lines can realize signal communication between the subsea excavators 1-6, the second dome-type isolation hoods 1-3 and the electric submersible pumps and a controller on the combustible ice offshore mining platform 8, and the controller controls the walking routes of the subsea excavators 1-6 and the second dome-type isolation hoods 1-3 and the operation parameters of the electric submersible pumps.
The composite material continuous pipe 3 of the invention not only serves as a conveying channel of combustible ice, but also plays a role in suspending and supporting the submarine exploitation mechanism 1.
According to the composite material continuous tube 3, the heating cable and the data optical fiber or the signal wire are embedded in the lining layer, and the outer protective layer is arranged outside the lining layer.
The composite material continuous pipe 3 is provided with the data optical fiber or the signal wire, so that the first dome type isolation hood 1-2, the second dome type isolation hood 1-3 and each electric submersible pump can be remotely controlled, and the real-time intelligent monitoring on the submarine mining mechanism 1 can be realized.
The invention takes the composite material continuous pipe 3 as a submarine exploitation pipeline, has good seawater erosion resistance, smooth inner pipe surface, small flow resistance coefficient, low heat conduction coefficient of 1 percent of metal, high conveying efficiency, good heat preservation and energy conservation,
the composite material continuous pipe 3 adopted by the invention has good flexibility and can resist the interference of seawater waves.
The longest length of a single composite material continuous pipe 3 can reach 3000m, the composite material continuous pipe is free of joints, continuous lowering operation can be achieved, offshore operation efficiency can be greatly improved, operation intensity of workers can be reduced, and offshore labor cost can be reduced.
For offshore operations, work efficiency is a very important indicator. According to the invention, the composite material continuous pipe 3 is adopted to realize the connection between the seabed mining mechanism and the offshore mining platform, and the composite material continuous pipe 3 has good flexibility, so that the seabed mining mechanism can move on the seabed, the mining area of the seabed mining mechanism is enlarged, the offshore mining platform has a larger operation range, the mining efficiency of combustible ice can be improved revolutionarily, and the commercial mining of the combustible ice becomes possible.
As shown in fig. 3, when the offshore production platform 8 is positioned at a location at sea where the corresponding seafloor depth is determined, the area of the production area of the seafloor mining mechanism 1 is determined by the length of the composite coiled tubing 3 stored by the coiled tubing jack-up mechanism 5; dividing a mining area of the submarine mining mechanism into a plurality of mining blocks, and after a combustible ice mineral deposit in a first mining block N1 is completely excavated by a submarine excavator 1-6 of the submarine mining mechanism, controlling the submarine excavator 1-6 to walk on the seabed through a controller, so that the submarine excavator 1-6 moves from the first mining block N1 to a second mining block N2; the subsea excavators 1 to 6 continue excavation of the combustible ice deposit at the second mining block N2; and repeating the steps until all the mining blocks in the mining area are excavated.
The path of the submarine excavator 1-6 walking on the seabed can be accurately controlled by a Beidou satellite navigation system.
The invention relates to a method for exploiting seabed combustible ice, which comprises the following steps:
step one, closing a reversing valve 2-1 in a downhole joint 2 to seal a composite material continuous pipe 3; opening two container switch valves of the temporary combustible ice seabed storage container 1-1 to enable the temporary combustible ice seabed storage container 1-1 to be communicated with the first dome type isolation cover 1-2, the second dome type isolation cover 1-3 and the external environment;
secondly, injecting water into the closed composite material continuous pipe 3; conveying the lower end of the composite material continuous pipe 3 to the seabed direction through a continuous pipe injection lifting mechanism 4 until the first dome-type isolation hood 1-2 and the second dome-type isolation hood 1-3 connected with the composite material continuous pipe reach the seabed with combustible ice deposits;
the function of injecting water into the composite material continuous pipe 3 is that after the composite material continuous pipe 3 is lowered to the seabed, the pressure inside and outside the pipe wall of the composite material continuous pipe 3 can still keep balance; obviously, the lower end of the composite material continuous pipe 3 can be conveyed towards the seabed while water is injected into the pipe, or water can be injected firstly and then conveyed towards the seabed; the water injection is completed just before the seabed excavator 1-6 works;
thirdly, enabling the submarine excavator 1-6 to work, excavating the mixture containing combustible ice and silt on the seabed by the submarine excavator 1-6 in a first mining area surrounded by the first dome type isolation hood 1-2, and cutting the mixture into particles with the particle size of less than 1mm to obtain a combustible ice mixture; the resulting combustible ice mixture is collected in a first dome-shaped insulating cover 1-2;
fourthly, opening a container switch valve at the output end of the first conveying pipeline 1-4, and conveying the combustible ice mixture in the first dome type isolation cover 1-2 to a combustible ice seabed temporary storage container 1-1 positioned at the seabed by an electric submersible pump 1-8 in the first conveying pipeline 1-4;
fifthly, when the combustible ice temporary storage container 1-1 is filled with the combustible ice mixture, stopping the operation of the seabed excavator 1-6;
the drainage pump 2-2 is operated, the drainage pump 2-2 discharges water in the composite material continuous pipe 3 into the sea, and pressure relief of the composite material continuous pipe 3 is achieved; then, a reversing valve 2-1 in the downhole connector 2 is opened, the high-pressure condition of the combustible ice mixture in the combustible ice seabed temporary storage container 1-1 is destroyed under the action of the pressure difference between the composite material continuous pipe 3 and the combustible ice seabed temporary storage container 1-1, the combustible ice in the combustible ice mixture is gasified to become low-pressure gaseous combustible ice (the purity of the combustible ice at the moment is possibly not high), and the combustible ice mixture rises to the top of the combustible ice seabed temporary storage container 1-1 and flows into the composite material continuous pipe 3 through the downhole connector 2; the silt in the combustible ice mixture is deposited at the bottom of the combustible ice seabed temporary storage container 1-1;
sixthly, heating the composite material continuous pipe 3 through the embedded heating cable to keep the pipe body of the composite material continuous pipe 3 at the temperature of more than 20 ℃;
the low-pressure gaseous combustible ice in the combustible ice seabed temporary storage container 1-1 is conveyed from the lower end to the upper end of the composite material continuous pipe 3, the temperature of the low-pressure gaseous combustible ice is gradually increased in the conveying process, the pressure is gradually reduced, and combustible ice gas in the mixture is gradually released; preferably, the body of the composite continuous tube 3 is maintained at a temperature above 50 ℃, this temperature range being more conducive to the gasification of combustible ice;
finally, the gas combustible ice flows into a gas combustible ice liquefying furnace 6 on an exploitation platform 8 through a gas combustible ice conveying pipeline, and high-pressure liquefaction is carried out in the liquefying furnace 6 to obtain liquid combustible ice;
seventhly, when all the combustible ice in the combustible ice seabed temporary storage container 1-1 is discharged, only the silt is left in the combustible ice seabed temporary storage container 1-1; opening a container switch valve at the input end of a second conveying pipeline 1-5, and conveying silt at the bottom of the temporary storage container 1-1 of the combustible ice seabed into a second dome type isolation cover 1-3 by an electric submersible pump 1-7 in the second conveying pipeline 1-5;
eighthly, conveying the liquid combustible ice in the liquefying furnace 6 from the liquid combustible ice conveying pipeline to a liquid combustible ice storage tank through a booster pump 7, and then using the liquid combustible ice as energy for utilization; the purity of the liquid combustible ice is possibly not high, and the liquid combustible ice can be subjected to subsequent treatment;
ninth, after the combustible ice mineral reserves in the area surrounded by the first dome-shaped isolation cover 1-2 are excavated by the submarine excavator 1-6, the submarine excavator 1-6 is controlled by the controller to walk on the seabed so that the first dome-shaped isolation cover 1-2 moves to another area from one area of the first mining block, and the submarine excavator 1-6 continues to excavate the combustible ice mineral reserves in the other area; the controller controls the second dome type isolation hood 1-3 to walk on the seabed, so that the walking route of the second dome type isolation hood 1-3 is the same as that of the seabed excavator 1-6, namely the second dome type isolation hood 1-3 follows the walking route of the seabed excavator 1-6, and silt discharged from the second dome type isolation hood 1-3 can realize the backfilling of the seabed;
tenth, after the submarine excavator 1-6 excavates combustible ice deposits in all areas in the first mining block, the lower end of the composite continuous pipe 3 is continuously conveyed downwards through the continuous pipe injection lifting mechanism 4, and the submarine excavator 1-6 and the second dome type isolation hood 1-3 have the freedom degree of walking on the seabed;
then, the controller controls the submarine excavator 1-6 to walk on the seabed, so that the first dome type isolation hood 1-2 moves from the first mining area block to the second mining area block; the subsea excavator 1-6 excavates the combustible ice deposit at the second mining block.
To improve the mining efficiency, the mining system of the present invention may include a plurality of seafloor mining mechanisms 1; as shown in fig. 2, each of the subsea mining mechanisms 1 is connected to one end of a branch pipe 9 through a downhole joint 2, and the other ends of a plurality of branch pipes 9 are connected to the lower end of a composite continuous pipe 3 through pipe joints;
the seabed excavators 1-6 of each seabed mining mechanism 1 can sequentially operate, so that the continuous mining of the seabed combustible ice is realized. .
The branch pipes 9 are preferably composite pipes, and the plurality of subsea mining mechanisms 1 should be kept at a fixed distance during walking without interfering with each other.
It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that various modifications and variations can be made in the present invention without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention. Thus, it is intended that the present invention cover the modifications and variations of this invention provided they come within the scope of the appended claims and their equivalents.
Claims (9)
1. A exploitation system of seabed combustible ice is characterized in that: the device comprises a seabed mining mechanism (1), wherein the seabed mining mechanism (1) is connected with the lower end of a composite continuous pipe (3) through an underground joint (2), the composite continuous pipe (3) bypasses the continuous pipe and is injected into a lifting mechanism (4), the upper end of the composite continuous pipe (3) is fixedly connected with a continuous pipe retracting mechanism (5), and the composite continuous pipe (3) is wound on a winding disc of the continuous pipe retracting mechanism (5);
the upper end of the composite material continuous pipe (3) is connected with a gaseous combustible ice liquefaction furnace (6) through a gaseous combustible ice conveying pipeline, and the gaseous combustible ice liquefaction furnace (6) is connected with a liquid combustible ice conveying pipeline;
the coiled tubing injection lifting mechanism (4), the coiled tubing retraction and release mechanism (5) and the gaseous combustible ice liquefaction furnace (6) are arranged on the combustible ice offshore mining platform (8);
a reversing valve (2-1) is arranged in the underground joint (2), the reversing valve (2-1) divides an inner cavity of the underground joint (2) into a first cavity and a second cavity, the first cavity is connected with a drainage pump (2-2) through a pipeline, and the second cavity is communicated with a cavity of a combustible ice seabed temporary storage container (1-1) of the seabed mining mechanism (1); when the reversing valve (2-1) is in a closed state, the first cavity of the underground joint (2) is communicated with the inner cavity of the composite material continuous pipe (3); when the reversing valve (2-1) is in an open state, the second cavity of the downhole joint (2) is communicated with the inner cavity of the composite material continuous pipe (3).
2. The subsea ice harvesting system of claim 1, wherein: the seabed mining mechanism (1) comprises a combustible ice seabed temporary storage container (1-1), a first isolation cover (1-2) and a second isolation cover (1-3), wherein the combustible ice seabed temporary storage container (1-1) is connected with the first isolation cover (1-2) through a first conveying pipeline (1-4); the top of the combustible ice seabed temporary storage container (1-1) is connected with the underground joint (2), and the bottom of the combustible ice seabed temporary storage container (1-1) is connected with a second isolation cover (1-3) through a second conveying pipeline (1-5); the first isolation cover (1-2) is fixedly connected with a seabed excavator (1-6), and the seabed excavator (1-6) is positioned in the first isolation cover (1-2).
3. The subsea ice harvesting system of claim 2, wherein: the seabed temporary storage container (1-1) of the combustible ice is spherical; and/or the first and/or second insulation cover (1-2, 1-3) is dome-shaped.
4. The subsea ice harvesting system of claim 1, wherein: the number of the seabed mining mechanisms (1) is multiple; each seabed mining mechanism (1) is respectively connected with one end of a branch pipeline (9) through an underground joint (2), and the other ends of a plurality of branch pipelines (9) are connected with the lower end of a composite material continuous pipe (3) through pipe joints.
5. The subsea ice harvesting system of claim 1, wherein: the rotating shaft of the continuous pipe retracting mechanism (5) is used as a gaseous combustible ice conveying pipeline; one end of a rotating shaft of the coiled tubing retracting mechanism (5) is connected with the upper end of the composite coiled tubing (3) through an upper hardware fitting joint; the other end of the rotating shaft of the continuous pipe retracting mechanism (5) is connected with a gaseous combustible ice liquefaction furnace (6).
6. A method for exploiting seabed combustible ice is characterized by comprising the following steps:
excavating a mixture containing combustible ice and silt on the seabed by using a seabed excavator (1-6), and collecting the obtained combustible ice mixture in a first isolation cover (1-2); conveying the combustible ice mixture in the first isolation hood (1-2) to a combustible ice seabed temporary storage container (1-1) positioned on the seabed;
forming a pressure difference between the composite material continuous pipe (3) and the combustible ice temporary storage container (1-1) on the seabed, and then communicating the combustible ice temporary storage container (1-1) on the seabed with the composite material continuous pipe (3); under the action of the pressure difference, the combustible ice mixture is gasified into low-pressure gaseous combustible ice in the combustible ice temporary storage container (1-1) at the seabed, rises to the top of the combustible ice temporary storage container (1-1) at the seabed and flows into the composite material continuous pipe (3); the silt in the combustible ice mixture is deposited at the bottom of the combustible ice seabed temporary storage container (1-1);
the low-pressure gaseous combustible ice is conveyed from the lower end to the upper end of the composite material continuous pipe (3), so that the conveying from the seabed to the sea surface is realized; in the conveying process, the composite material continuous pipe (3) is heated, the temperature of low-pressure gaseous combustible ice is gradually increased, the pressure is gradually reduced, and combustible ice gas in the mixture is gradually released;
and the gaseous combustible ice flows into the gaseous combustible ice liquefying furnace (6) positioned on the sea surface from the composite material continuous pipe (3), and is liquefied at high pressure in the gaseous combustible ice liquefying furnace (6) to obtain the liquid combustible ice.
7. A method for exploiting seabed combustible ice is characterized by comprising the following steps:
firstly, closing a reversing valve (2-1) in an underground joint (2) to seal a composite material continuous pipe (3); opening two container switch valves of the combustible ice seabed temporary storage container (1-1) to enable the combustible ice seabed temporary storage container (1-1) to be communicated with the first isolation cover (1-2), the second isolation cover (1-3) and the external environment;
secondly, injecting water into the closed composite material continuous pipe (3); the lower end of the composite material continuous pipe (3) is conveyed towards the seabed by a continuous pipe injection lifting mechanism (4) until a first isolation cover (1-2) and/or a seabed excavator (1-6) and a second isolation cover (1-3) connected with the composite material continuous pipe contact the seabed with the combustible ice deposit;
thirdly, operating the submarine excavator (1-6), excavating the mixture containing combustible ice and silt on the seabed by the submarine excavator (1-6) in the area surrounded by the first isolation cover (1-2), and chopping the mixture to obtain a combustible ice mixture; collecting the obtained combustible ice mixture in a first isolation cover (1-2);
fourthly, opening a container switch valve at the output end of the first conveying pipeline (1-4), and conveying the combustible ice mixture in the first isolation cover (1-2) to a combustible ice seabed temporary storage container (1-1) positioned at the seabed by an electric submersible pump (1-8) in the first conveying pipeline (1-4);
fifthly, when the combustible ice temporary storage container (1-1) is filled with the combustible ice mixture, the seabed excavator (1-6) stops running;
operating the drainage pump (2-2), and draining the water in the composite material continuous pipe (3) into the sea by the drainage pump (2-2) to realize pressure relief of the composite material continuous pipe (3); then a reversing valve (2-1) in the underground joint (2) is opened, under the action of the pressure difference between the composite material continuous pipe (3) and the combustible ice seabed temporary storage container (1-1), the combustible ice in the combustible ice seabed temporary storage container (1-1) is gasified into low-pressure gaseous combustible ice, the low-pressure gaseous combustible ice rises to the top of the combustible ice seabed temporary storage container (1-1) and flows into the composite material continuous pipe (3) through the underground joint (2); the silt in the combustible ice mixture is deposited at the bottom of the combustible ice seabed temporary storage container (1-1);
sixthly, heating the composite material continuous pipe (3) through the embedded heating cable to keep the pipe body of the composite material continuous pipe (3) at a temperature of at least 20 ℃;
the low-pressure gaseous combustible ice in the combustible ice seabed temporary storage container (1-1) is conveyed from the lower end to the upper end of the composite material continuous pipe (3), the temperature of the low-pressure gaseous combustible ice is gradually increased in the conveying process, the pressure is gradually reduced, and combustible ice gas in the mixture is gradually released;
finally, the gas combustible ice flows into the gas combustible ice liquefying furnace (6) through a gas combustible ice conveying pipeline, and high-pressure liquefaction is carried out in the gas combustible ice liquefying furnace (6) to obtain liquid combustible ice;
seventhly, when all the combustible ice in the combustible ice seabed temporary storage container (1-1) is discharged, only silt is left in the combustible ice seabed temporary storage container (1-1); and (3) opening a container switch valve at the input end of the second conveying pipeline (1-5), and conveying the silt at the bottom of the combustible ice seabed temporary storage container (1-1) into the second isolation cover (1-3) by using an electric submersible pump (1-7) in the second conveying pipeline (1-5).
8. The method for exploiting seafloor combustible ice according to claim 7, wherein: after the submarine excavator (1-6) finishes excavating the combustible ice mineral reserves in the area surrounded by the first isolation cover (1-2), the submarine excavator (1-6) is controlled by the controller to walk on the seabed so that the first isolation cover (1-2) moves from one area of the first mining block to another area, and the submarine excavator (1-6) continues excavating the combustible ice mineral reserves in the other area; the controller controls the second isolation cover (1-3) to walk on the seabed, so that the walking route of the second isolation cover (1-3) is the same as that of the seabed excavator (1-6), namely the second isolation cover (1-3) follows the walking route of the seabed excavator (1-6), and the silt discharged from the second isolation cover (1-3) can realize the backfilling on the seabed.
9. The method for exploiting seafloor combustible ice according to claim 8, wherein: after the submarine excavator (1-6) excavates combustible ice deposits in all areas in the first mining block, the lower end of the composite continuous pipe (3) is continuously conveyed downwards through the continuous pipe injection lifting mechanism (4), so that the submarine excavator (1-6) and the second isolation hood (1-3) have the freedom of walking on the seabed;
then, the controller controls the submarine excavator (1-6) to walk on the seabed, so that the first isolation hood (1-2) moves from the first mining area to the second mining area, and the submarine excavator (1-6) excavates the combustible ice mineral deposit on the second mining area; the controller controls the second isolation cover (1-3) to walk on the seabed, so that the walking route of the second isolation cover (1-3) is the same as that of the seabed excavator (1-6), and the silt discharged from the second isolation cover (1-3) can be backfilled on the seabed.
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Address after: Room 401, Building 2 and Room 102, Building 4, No. 1618 Xinyang Road, Fengxian District, Shanghai, 2014 Patentee after: Shanghai Feizhou Boyuan Material Technology Co.,Ltd. Address before: 201413 Room 401, building 2, 1618 Xinyang Road, Fengxian District, Shanghai Patentee before: Shanghai Feizhou Boyuan Petroleum Equipment Co.,Ltd. |