RU2350369C2 - Technique for disposal site and peatland fire suppression and prevention - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture; firefighting.

SUBSTANCE: first of all the proposed technique envisages division of the fire-ground area into zones combined with identification of the most hazardous hot-spots; after that one proceeds with road filling along the ground perimeter and along the zones border lines followed by consistent dumping of large bulks of fire-retardant material represented by fine-grained ash-and-slack waste products of heat and power industry; initially the dumping is done round the hot-spots to provide for access of vehicles to them and formation of fire-retardant material mound banks surrounding the hit-spots. After that the mound bank bulks are shoved inside the hot-spot areas for the latter to become covered with a layer of fine-grained ash-and-slack material. The backfilled ash material layer is compacted for an air-proof pavement formation. Subsequently the fire-ground area undergoes remediation.

EFFECT: ecological situation improvement and elimination of the risk of conflagration at wood waste disposal sites (ranges) and peatlands.

3 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to methods for eliminating fires in man-made landfills of large tonnage waste from industrial processing of wood, household waste dumps and peat bogs.

Known methods of dealing with fires on peatlands, involving the laying of a trench with filling it with non-combustible material [Pat. 2190441 RU, IPC ⁷ A62C 3/02. A method of fighting fires on peatlands / Glavatsky GD, Shmakov V.A. All-Russian scientific research. institute fire protection of forests and mehan. forest households. - Declared. 04/02/2001; publ. 10/10/2002 [1]; A.S. 869779 USSR, MKI ³ A62C 1/00. A method of fighting fires on peatlands / Evchik P.P .; Byelorussian. scientific researcher Institute of Meliorate. and aq. households. - Declared. 09/03/1979; publ. 10/07/1981 [2]; Pat. 2214847 RU, IPC ⁷ A62C 3/02. A method of combating fires on peatlands / Glavatsky GD, Shmakov VA; All-Russian scientific research. institute fire protection of forests and mehan. forest households. - Declared. 02/11/2002; publ. 10/27/2003 [3]].

Known methods, solving the problem of extinguishing and preventing the spread of fires in peat fields, include laying a trench to a depth of peat using moistened peat crumb, moistened sphagnum or mineral soil as non-combustible material. Known methods of labor, and temporary localization of the fire in any one place does not solve the problem as a whole. Peat is a valuable natural raw material, and the occurrence areas of this raw material - peatlands are significant. Peatland fires, due to the peculiarities of the properties of this material, are of a protracted nature, leading to the loss of valuable raw materials, disruption and alteration of the ecology of biocenoses of adjacent territories, and air pollution.

There is a method of preventing the spread of fire on peatlands with the formation of a hollow gap located across the prevailing slope of the terrain with dumping of soil in the form of a roller lower in slope. The hollow gap is filled with non-combustible material for use as a filter to moisten the dried layers of peat using spring surface water [Pat. 2236877 RU, IPC ⁷ A62C 3/02. A way to prevent the spread of fire on peatlands / Gubin V.K. and etc.; GNU Vseros. scientific researcher Institute of Hydrotechn. and meliorats. them. A.N. Kostyakova. - Declared. 10/22/2003; publ. 09/27/2004] [4].

The known method is more declarative and is unlikely to be able to solve the problem. In addition, the method involves the presence of a slope in the area of the peat and a significant amount of snow.

A known method of preventing, localizing and extinguishing a fire in peat deposits, including laying trenches along the contour of fire hazardous areas with the creation of a barrier of non-combustible material [Pat. 2290238 RU, IPC А62С 3/02 (2006.01). A way to prevent, localize and extinguish a fire on peatlands / Chaykin V.G. and etc.; FSUE TsNII geol. nerud. useful fossil. - Declared. May 11, 2005; publ. 12/27/2006] [5].

The known method solves the problem traditionally, proposing to use as a non-combustible material a mixture of carbonate-containing and opalcristobalite rocks with the addition of clay and sodium silicofluoride.

The inventive invention was created in solving the task of eliminating the fire at the former lignin storage of the Ziminsky hydrolysis-yeast plant.

Wood waste produced earlier, at enterprises that are no longer working, are unsightly landfills that occupy large open areas that are far from environmentally safe.

Hydrolysis lignin is a production waste of the hydrolysis industry, which combines production based on the chemical processing of plant materials by catalytic conversion (hydrolysis) of polysaccharides into monosaccharides (pentoses, hexoses), followed by their production of various products (ethyl alcohol, protein yeast, furfural and its derivatives, xylitol and polyhydric alcohols, carbon dioxide). In this case, the waste yield reaches 60-70% of the consumed raw materials.

In appearance, hydrolytic lignin resembles lowland peat. The ratio of its main components varies widely and depends both on the type of raw material and on the applied technological regimes.

Hydrolytic lignin at 76% humidity retains the properties of a solid, acquires a developed specific surface area of up to 800 m ² / g and retains the ability to ignite.

Wet hydrolysis lignin was transported to landfills of hydrolysis plants - lignin storage facilities, dumped and then leveled out with bulldozers. Such landfills of hydrolysis waste increased over the years and expanded, occupying large areas. When burning foci appeared on lignin storages, they were destroyed by backfilling with clay or gravel. During the operation of the hydrolysis and yeast factories, the landfills were controlled, they were protected from use as landfill. After the termination of the hydrolysis and yeast plants, not only the control over the appearance of fire at the landfills was over, but they themselves turned into landfills.

Free access to landfills, their neglect, and making bonfires on them became catalysts for lignin fire and the cause of volumetric fires in lignin storage facilities.

Fires at lignin storage facilities belong to category A ₁ and are characterized by complex development processes, are protracted and require the attraction of a large number of forces and means for their elimination.

The peculiarity of extinguishing a fire at a lignin storage facility is a strong smoke and gas contamination of the territory. Fires are accompanied not only by smoke, but also by the spread of a halo of sulfur dioxide. The total impact of CO ₂ , CO and SO ₂ on residents of nearby villages determines the difficult sanitary and hygienic situation and the deterioration of health, especially in children and people of retirement age.

Each city is surrounded by landfill sites for domestic and industrial waste. Currently, the main way to solve the problem of waste disposal in Russia is the landfill storage of municipal solid waste. Due to the predominance of the organic component in waste, landfills ignite and become hazardous to public health and the environment. The above situations are eliminated by layer-by-layer filling of landfills with sand and gravel materials from special quarries.

The proposed method is aimed at solving the existing problem of ignition of landfills using waste, also subject to disposal.

The technical result of the invention is to reduce the burden on the environment, eliminating the possibility of ignition of landfills (dumps) of wood waste, peat bogs, improving the environmental situation in the area of burning and smoldering territories of landfills, reducing the cost of eliminating fires.

The technical result is achieved by creating at the landfill with waste a protective airtight layer - a screen thick enough to stop air from entering the fires.

The method involves dividing the entire area of the landfill into zones with the most dangerous ignition sites. Then, roads are poured along the perimeter of the landfill and along the borders of the zones to provide access to the fires, then around these fires they sprinkle non-combustible material, which is a large tonnage waste of the industry, with the formation of an embankment from this material, with the subsequent collision of this embankment into the fire sources before creating above them a layer of non-combustible material, which is compacted to create an airtight coating.

As a non-combustible material, finely dispersed ash and slag material from ash dumps of thermal power plants is used.

The thickness of the layer of airtight coating of ash and slag material is at least 25-30 cm.

The resulting landfill is subsequently recultivated to eliminate man-made landfills and prevent the formation of dust.

The method is illustrated in Fig.1-4.

Figure 1 - diagram of a landfill with fires.

Figure 2 - diagram of the formation of the embankment of ash and slag material around the source of ignition and the collision of this material in the source of ignition.

Figure 3 - leveling of the bulk layer above the centers of fire.

Figure 4 - fragment of the landfill after the elimination of fire.

The entire area of landfill 1 with waste and sources of ignition 2 is divided into zone sectors, mapping out routes for district 3 and internal radial roads 3a.

The restriction of the fire zones to the filling of roads 3 and 3a prevents the spread of fire over the entire area of landfill 1 and makes it possible to travel to fire centers 2. Around the burning and smoldering fire centers 2, which, as a rule, are of considerable depth, an embankment of non-combustible material 4 is erected as which use finely dispersed ash and slag material, which is a waste of the heat and power industry. Non-combustible material 4 embankments push into the foci of combustion 2, gradually filling them. The poured layer of non-combustible material 4 is leveled and compacted to create an airtight coating 5 on the territory of the landfill.

Example.

The lignin storage of the Ziminsky hydrolysis-yeast plant is located at a distance of 4 km from the plant. Wet hydrolysis lignin was exported and stored at the landfill in bulk. Powdered lignin was leveled out by bulldozers. The landfill over the years not only grew in height, but also increased its area more and more, expanding towards the river. When burning foci appeared on the lignin storage, they were destroyed by backfilling with clay or gravel. After the hydrolysis and yeast plant stopped working, the landfill turned into a landfill.

Removal of fecal waste and poultry manure to the lignin storage facility led to the growth of high shrub-like grass vegetation in some areas. These areas, together with the dumping sites, have become fire hazard zones. Free access to the landfill, making fires became a catalyst for the ignition of lignin and the cause of volumetric fires at the lignin storage.

The Ziminsky lignin vault with a volume of 11.3 million cubic meters by the time the claimed extinguishing technology was implemented was burning for more than ten years with the release of carbon monoxide and sulfur dioxide, having a harmful effect on the health of the population of nearby villages, where 14 thousand people live. In the immediate vicinity of the fire there are kindergartens and a school with 380 students.

Before extinguishing by the proposed method, burning was observed at the training ground both in the centers-craters, which were extinguished and spilled, and in other places. Lignin burning has a negative impact on the ecological situation in nearby settlements.

In August 2004, at the Ziminsky ligno vault, fires were extinguished by water. To do this, a 2200 m long steel pipeline was laid from the Oka River to the landfill. The processing of the burning areas was carried out using the constantly working four fire monitors “PLS-40”. For localization of individual foci, the PC-70 hand barrels were used. The lignin was quenched at a depth of two meters by three TS-2 barrels. Work at the landfill was carried out within 45 days. During the work, the largest areas of burning lignin were extinguished, the concentration of harmful combustion products in the area of the landfill was reduced by 3.5-6 times. However, due to the large depth of the location of the lignin burning foci (more than 3 m), it was not possible to completely eliminate combustion. Total costs amounted to 2 million 514 thousand rubles.

Quenching of the burning sites with water allowed to temporarily improve the ecological situation in the region, but after a short period of time (about two months), the burning of lignin in the extinguished foci arose again and with greater force. The experience of water quenching confirmed that this technology is ineffective for smoldering materials and after evaporation and seepage of the entire volume of water, lignin begins to burn with greater intensity. In addition, even in the case of complete suppression of the fire by water in the absence of a protective fire-prevention layer on the surface of the landfill, the appearance of new fires is not excluded.

As alternative methods of extinguishing such fires with bentonite solutions, injected under pressure into preformed wells, and by filling the landfill with a gravel or sand-gravel substrate were proposed. Estimated costs for implementing the above methods, including laying a quarry or supplying bentonite from Khakassia, were higher than the district budget.

In accordance with the proposed solution, the proposed technology prevents air from entering the smoldering and burning areas as much as possible by creating a screen using finely dispersed non-combustible and non-cracking materials in the form of TPP-3 ash, which have low flowability.

In accordance with the proposed method, first the division is divided into zones with marking of the district and internal roads. Then, the ground and internal roads to the lignin storage facility are filled with the ground of the dam restrictions of the ash sump of the thermal power station or any other soil (Figure 1). Roads play a dual role. They provide the passage of dump trucks to the burning "craters" and break the entire landfill into sector zones, preventing the spread of fires.

Then dump trucks drive ash to the lignin storage. Initially, a layer of ash, a thickness of at least 25 cm, fill even non-burning areas in the gap between the road and the burning hearth-crater. Then dump trucks drive and dump the ash into the marginal zones of the burning hearth, creating an embankment around it. Bulldozers gradually push ash onto a burning lignin in the crater, sequentially creating an increasingly powerful airtight layer above the burning sites. The filling, planning and leveling of the covering layer from ash and slag material is carried out until a covering layer is created over the entire area of the polygon, which is compacted by pouring water and packing. The thickness of the created airtight coating is at least 30 cm.

As a result of the implementation of the proposed fire extinguishing technology, its complete suppression and elimination of the harmful effects on the population living in the adjacent zone and the environment.

The method of extinguishing and preventing fire using the ash of a thermal power station can be successfully implemented at other similar facilities.

The studied composition of the ash substrate of the ash sump of the thermal power station in terms of particle size, physicochemical and mineralogical characteristics showed its potential to be a promising substrate for the preparation of organo-mineral fertile technozems [Tauson L.V. and others. Brown coal ash in agriculture // Geochemistry of technogenesis. - Novosibirsk: Science, Siberian Branch, 1986. - P.40-52] [6]; Boyko S.M., Suturin A.N. Coal ash from thermal power plants - a source of mineral resources // Geography and Natural Resources. - 1993. - No. 1. - S. 114-120] [7].

On the area obtained as a result of the proposed technology, it is possible to create a turf with stunted grass that prevents ash dusting and the development of new fires. The creation of soil from ash and lignin or other wood waste, the introduction of grass seeds with fertilizers is the final link in the technology of safe biological reclamation of wood waste landfills.

An advantage of the proposed method is also the further safe preservation of hydrolysis lignin until it is claimed for processing into the necessary products.

The proposed technology for extinguishing a fire at a lignin storage facility can successfully solve the long-standing problem of ignition and burning of waste from the production of hydrolysis lignin, peat fields, landfills of wood and household waste.

The environmental advantage of the proposed technology over others is that in order to create a protective fire-suppressing layer one does not need to make new quarries, disrupt landscapes, or create new objects to be reclaimed. The ash sumps of the CHPP, which serve as a source of non-combustible material for suppressing the fire, are themselves objects requiring restoration. Their area is also significant. If you remove all the ash and give the sites a pre-industrial appearance, significant areas will appear for a more rational and harmless use.

The method allows to solve the problem of disposal of old ash dumps and the construction of new ones.

Information sources

1. Pat. 2190441 RU, IPC ⁷ A62C 3/02. A method of combating fires on peatlands / Glavatsky GD, Shmakov VA; All-Russian scientific research. institute fire protection of forests and mehan. forest households. - Declared. 04/02/2001; publ. 10/10/2002.

2. A.S. 869779 USSR, MKI ³ A62C 1/00. A method of fighting fires on peatlands / Evchik P.P .; Belarus, scientific researcher Institute of Meliorate. and aq. households. - Declared. 09/03/1979; publ. 10/07/1981.

3. Pat. 2214847 RU, IPC ⁷ A62C 3/02. A method of fighting fires on peatlands. Glavatsky G.D., Shmakov V.A .; All-Russian scientific research. institute fire protection of forests and mehan. forest households. - Declared. 02/11/2002; publ. 10/27/2003.

4. Pat. 2236877 RU, IPC ⁷ A62C 3/02. A way to prevent the spread of fire on peatlands / Gubin V.K. and etc.; GNU Vseros. scientific researcher Institute of Hydrotechn. and meliorats. them. A.N. Kostyakova. - Declared. 10/22/2003; publ. 09/27/2004.

5. Pat. 2290238 RU, IPC А62С 3/02 (2006.01). A way to prevent, localize and extinguish a fire on peatlands / Chaykin V.G. and etc.; FSUE TsNII geol. nerud. useful fossil. ”- Decl. May 11, 2005; publ. 12/27/2006.

6. Towson L.V. and others. Brown coal ash in agriculture // Geochemistry of technogenesis. - Novosibirsk: Science, Siberian Branch, 1986. - P.40-52.

7. Boyko S.M., Suturin A.N. Coal ash from thermal power plants - a source of mineral resources // Geography and Natural Resources. - 1993. - No. 1. - S.114-120.

Claims (3)

1. A method of extinguishing and preventing fires at lignin storage yards, wood waste landfills, peat bogs, household waste dumps, including the use of non-combustible material, characterized in that the landfill is first divided into zones with the most dangerous fires, then along the perimeter of the landfill and along the borders of the zones they fill the roads, then carry out sequential dumping of non-combustible material in the form of finely dispersed ash and slag material around the ignition sites, followed by their collision into the ignition sites creating a layer of said non-combustible material, followed by sealing and further reclamation of the landfill. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that they use finely dispersed ash and slag material from the ash dumps of the CHP. 3. The method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that they create an airtight coating of ash and slag material with a layer thickness of at least 25-30 cm

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