CN108298888B - Closed isolation composition applied to preventing spontaneous combustion of gangue dump and implementation method thereof - Google Patents
Closed isolation composition applied to preventing spontaneous combustion of gangue dump and implementation method thereof Download PDFInfo
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- CN108298888B CN108298888B CN201810440593.1A CN201810440593A CN108298888B CN 108298888 B CN108298888 B CN 108298888B CN 201810440593 A CN201810440593 A CN 201810440593A CN 108298888 B CN108298888 B CN 108298888B
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B28/00—Compositions of mortars, concrete or artificial stone, containing inorganic binders or the reaction product of an inorganic and an organic binder, e.g. polycarboxylate cements
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/00474—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00
- C04B2111/00767—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 for waste stabilisation purposes
- C04B2111/00775—Uses not provided for elsewhere in C04B2111/00 for waste stabilisation purposes the composition being used as waste barriers or the like, e.g. compositions used for waste disposal purposes only, but not containing the waste itself
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/20—Resistance against chemical, physical or biological attack
- C04B2111/27—Water resistance, i.e. waterproof or water-repellent materials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B2111/00—Mortars, concrete or artificial stone or mixtures to prepare them, characterised by specific function, property or use
- C04B2111/20—Resistance against chemical, physical or biological attack
- C04B2111/28—Fire resistance, i.e. materials resistant to accidental fires or high temperatures
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Pit Excavations, Shoring, Fill Or Stabilisation Of Slopes (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
The invention provides a closed isolation composition applied to waste rock hill treatment and an implementation method thereof, belonging to the technical field of environment treatment and mine ecological restoration. The closed isolating composition provided by the invention comprises 20-75% of inorganic matters, 0.2-5% of polymers, 0.05-5% of fibers, 0.05-2% of additives and 20-75% of water by weight; the materials are prepared into mixed slurry according to a certain proportion, and the mixed slurry is sprayed on the surface of the waste rock hill, seals the waste rock hill and isolates the waste rock hill from the vegetation area, so that the harm of the waste rock hill is thoroughly eliminated, and the disturbance influence of the vegetation on the waste rock area is relieved. The closed isolation layer has the characteristics of air tightness, seepage prevention, heat insulation, firmness and durability, and the used materials are environment-friendly materials, so that the construction is simple, the efficiency is high, and the cost is low.
Description
Technical Field
The invention belongs to the technical field of environmental management and mine ecological restoration, and particularly relates to a closed isolation composition applied to waste rock hill management and an implementation method thereof.
Background
The coal gangue is one of the largest industrial solid wastes discharged in China at present, the annual output reaches hundreds of millions of tons, the resource utilization rate is low at present due to the limitation of the prior art means, and most of the waste coal gangue is stacked on the ground to form a coal gangue dump. At present, 50 hundred million tons of waste rock are accumulated and are increased at the speed of hundreds of millions of tons per year, and the maximum amount of waste rock is tens of millions of tons only in Shanxi. Because the coal gangue contains sulfides, the coal gangue is easy to oxidize and spontaneously combust, a large amount of toxic and harmful gas, smoke dust and other pollutants are generated, the atmospheric environment is polluted, the heavy metal in the coal gangue leachate pollutes soil and underground water resources, the safety and the body health of surrounding residents are seriously damaged, the mining area and the surrounding ecological environment are damaged, and the safety production, the economic benefit and the social image of coal enterprises are influenced. Therefore, the comprehensive treatment of the waste rock hills is urgent.
The main technical route for realizing ecological restoration by conventional waste rock treatment is as follows: slope preparation → soil covering → ditch construction → vegetation (grass and tree), but the traditional conventional hillock management method has three fatal problems:
firstly, the natural ignition problem of the gangue is not solved, so that the vegetation is dead, and the smoke and the toxic gas H2S、SO2C0 enters atmosphere in large quantity, the treatment fails, not only a large amount of money is spent, but also the environment is greatly damaged, and the large coal collections in Shanxi province are collectedThe problems of the rock gangues such as a coal mine group, a coal.
And secondly, although natural fire does not occur, the vegetation is dead due to the fact that the roots of the vegetation grow to a gangue area or approach the gangue area when the vegetation grows particularly well. The gangue dump is a black substance, is easy to absorb heat, and particularly can reach the internal temperature of 45-60 ℃ through practical tests when facing the sun in summer. The oxidation exothermic reaction of waste rock has been aggravated to waste rock district temperature rise, and high temperature conducts again simultaneously in the soil, makes the plant roots in the soil die by being heated easily, and is more easy die near the waste rock district, and this also is vegetation among the waste rock improvement especially trees grow better in earlier stage, grow more, the root is darker, an important reason that dies easily on the contrary.
Thirdly, the existing process does not really solve the problem of closed isolation of the gangue and does not solve the problem of the gangue seepage area under the rainwater. Rainwater infiltration not only produces the leachate problem, and the waste rock contacts with air and water, produces the oxidation exothermic reaction, and this is the most direct reason that leads to the waste rock mountain to fire naturally. That is to say, in order to solve the problem of natural ignition of the waste rock mountain, the waste rock mountain must be sealed and isolated, so that three purposes are realized: firstly, air is isolated, secondly, rainwater infiltration is prevented, and thirdly, heat conduction is isolated.
The prior art scheme still makes an article on soil coverage, and the main technical route adopted is as follows: firstly, roll the waste rock compaction, increase resistance prevents or reduces the air admission waste rock district deep, secondly covers loess compaction, bodiness, and secondly add fly ash, lime in the loess again rolls, increases closely knit degree, and each ore of sunshine coal group even takes: covering a layer of gangue, covering a layer of loess, and rolling layer by layer.
In recent years, a great deal of beneficial exploration is carried out on the aspect of waste rock hill treatment, and a plurality of novel isolation methods are derived.
The utility model discloses a patent CN202652889 "spontaneous combustion coal gangue hill comprehensive treatment system" establishes the isolation layer on gangue mountain slope surface, and this isolation layer is lime isolation layer and waste rock isolation layer respectively from inside to outside at waste rock burning position isolation layer, adopts the waste rock isolation layer at the position that does not burn. Through waste rock isolation layer with big slope surface compactness, the waste rock isolation layer is through improving waste rock mountain top layer environment simultaneously, and the moisture retention of soil is increased, provides suitable condition for vegetation.
The invention patent CN101519966A comprehensive treatment method for ecological environment of coal gangue dump, which adopts high concentration slurry made of soil and lime to completely block the surface of the gangue dump to form a blocking layer. The slurry is covered, the compactness is enhanced, and the thickness of the loess covering is reduced.
In patent CN102875113, a covering flame-retardant layer for fire prevention and pollution prevention of a spontaneous combustion coal gangue dump is adopted, and before loess covering, a covering flame-retardant layer is formed by adopting a single material or a mixed material of silty clay, silty soil and fly ash, so that double aims of fire prevention and pollution prevention are achieved.
In patent CN101749016A ecological slurry-sealing flame-retardant and vegetation-restoring technology for coal gangue dump, alkaline closed blending slurry is sprayed on the surface layer of the coal gangue dump, and the main closed material is planting loam.
The gangue dump can spontaneously combust because of the air leakage channel, air in the atmosphere enters the gangue area, and the gangue is oxidized and heated to cause natural ignition. The oxygen supply channel must be cut off to separate the gangue piles for preventing the spontaneous combustion of the gangue piles, and the starting points of the patents are right, but the water resistance and the seepage prevention are not considered, and the complicated matters are simplified.
The above patents are all made on air tightness, whether spraying slurry with lime or using gangue soil with lime and loess with fly ash, the purpose is only one, and the air is separated from the gangue hill, but just neglecting a key factor, the rainwater infiltration is not waterproof in all technical schemes, and simultaneously, the 'isolation' is not separated from the soil or has the property of the 'soil', because the 'isolation' is simple, namely the air is isolated and the 'soil' is required to be a part of a vegetation growing area to provide a root-tying space for vegetation growth, so the 'isolation' effect is
1. The waterproof isolating layers are soft when exposed to water, shrink and crack when losing water, and generate a large number of cracks, so that the isolating layers are completely collapsed, and the isolating function is lost. The vegetation growing region does not lack oxygen, and the vegetation growing region lack oxygen and moisture does not grow, so that oxygen enters a gangue region and natural ignition is inevitable.
2. The isolating material has poor water resistance and cannot prevent rainwater from seeping. Rainwater infiltration brings about the following bad fruit: firstly, the gangue is easy to oxidize when contacting with water, so that the danger of natural ignition is accelerated; secondly, rainwater is drained into a gangue infiltration area to generate a large amount of percolate, so that heavy metal ions in the gangue are brought into underground water and pollute surrounding soil; thirdly, rainwater infiltration can affect the stability of the gangue dump, so that the danger of collapse, settlement and even landslide is generated, and air leakage in a gangue area is further aggravated; fourthly, under the condition of natural fire, the large-area rainwater infiltration of the waste rock hills can generate large amount of water vapor to cause the explosion of the waste rock hills, which is a great hidden danger of the explosion accident of the waste rock hills.
Therefore, the vegetation zone is not isolated, rainwater seeps downwards to be incapable of isolating, water cannot isolate air and cannot isolate the same, once water exists, soil collapses and collapses, the vegetation zone is communicated with the gangue zone through the isolating layer, tree roots can penetrate downwards, and the isolating layer is just a part of the vegetation growing zone in fact, so the vegetation zone is not isolated and is just called isolation.
In fact, the treatment of the waste rock hills is a rather complicated process, which is different from the ordinary ecological restoration of mines, because the waste rock area has the possibility and danger of natural fire, the waste rock area is most forbidden to enter air and water, and the vegetation growing area on the waste rock area just can not leave water and air, two contradictory blocks are overlapped together, so the treatment is more complicated, and the treatment difficulty is increased. The existing treatment idea and method are equivalent to taking a vegetation growing area as a separator, not only can grow vegetation, but also can treat the harm of a hillock, and are simple and ingenious in appearance, but the vegetation growing area is required to prevent rainwater from infiltrating, and the soil is dense and airtight. However, the reality is that the vegetation growing area cannot prevent rainwater infiltration, the vegetation just needs water for growth, the soil needs to be air-permeable, otherwise, the vegetation cannot survive. Therefore, the vegetation growing area can not play both the role of isolation and the role of vegetation growth, so that the operation is not feasible theoretically and serious consequences are caused in practice. This approach costs a great deal of money. After a few years, the vegetation is burned again, and the environment pollution is more serious.
The harm of the waste rock mountain is treated, and ecological restoration is also required, only a closed isolation layer is added between a waste rock area and a vegetation growing area, the waste rock mountain is firstly closed and isolated, the harm is thoroughly eliminated, and then the special vegetation is the only choice. This requires that the sealing and insulating layer be airtight, waterproof, heat insulating, durable, air-tight, impermeable, and heat conductive.
In conclusion, a key point of the comprehensive treatment of the ecological environment of the gangue dump is that a gangue area and a vegetation growing area need to be sealed and isolated. Plays the roles of oxygen insulation (airtightness), heat insulation, seepage prevention, firmness and durability, prevents the gangue dump from firing naturally and protects the vegetation growth.
Disclosure of Invention
In order to solve the problems, the invention provides a closed isolation composition applied to waste rock mountain treatment and a construction method thereof, so that a waste rock area and a vegetation growing area are independent and do not influence each other.
The technical scheme adopted by the invention is as follows: a closed insulation composition for use in hillock reclamation, comprising: the composite material comprises inorganic matters, polymers, fibers, additives and water, wherein the weight ratio of the inorganic matters is 20-75%, the weight ratio of the polymers is 0.2-5%, the weight ratio of the fibers is 0.05-5%, the weight ratio of the additives is 0.1-2%, and the weight ratio of the water is 20-75%. The composition is mixed in proportion to prepare slurry, the slurry is sprayed on the surface of the gangue dump by a special machine, and a closed isolation layer is formed after the slurry is solidified, so that the aims of isolating air, preventing rainwater infiltration, and achieving firmness, durability and heat insulation are fulfilled.
Further, the inorganic substance comprises two or more of cement, calcium carbonate, cement kiln dust CKD, silica fume, silica powder, bentonite, slag and quartz sand, which are all in powder form, wherein one of the inorganic substances is cement. The cement kiln dust, the silica fume and the slag are all industrial solid wastes, and the inorganic substances can be used as airtight, heat-insulating, anti-seepage and waterproof functional materials besides fillers, so that the cost can be reduced and the environment can be protected; the silica powder and bentonite can be used as fireproof and heat-insulating materials and also can be used as impermeable materials; quartz sand (powder) and calcium carbonate are used as conventional filler and dense material. The inorganic substances are all conventional commercial materials or waste.
Furthermore, the weight ratio of the inorganic substance in the mixture is 40-70%.
Further, the polymer comprises one of polyvinyl alcohol, rubber powder and cellulose, and the cellulose comprises one or more of methyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxymethyl cellulose and ethyl methyl cellulose. The polymer is water soluble polymer, which not only provides adhesiveness, thickening and flexibility, but also has the functions of seepage prevention and air tightness.
Furthermore, the weight ratio of the polymer in the mixture is 0.5-4%, and further 0.8-3%.
Further, the fibers include at least one of glass fibers and synthetic fibers. The synthetic fibers include polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, polycarbonate, nylon, and the like. The length of the fiber is 6-12 mm. The fiber of the invention is used for enhancing the integrity of the closed isolation material, preventing separation cracking and enhancing toughness, and can also adapt to slight settlement deformation of a mountain.
Furthermore, the weight proportion of the fiber in the mixture is 0.1-3%.
Further, the additive comprises one or more than one of a water reducing agent, a compacting agent and a seepage-proofing agent, the water reducing agent comprises at least one of a naphthalene water reducing agent and a melamine water reducing agent, and the water reducing agent is used for reducing the hydration ratio when the cement is used, can be used alone or mixed with one of the compacting agent and the seepage-proofing agent, but the total proportion is not more than 2%. The compacting agent and the anti-seepage agent are mainly used for increasing the compactness and the anti-seepage property in the sealing and isolating material, can be used simultaneously or independently, and the using amount is 0.1-2% of the weight of the mixture.
Further, the mixture also comprises a pigment, and the pigment is a mortar pigment or an aqueous pigment. The purpose of the pigment is to change the black appearance of the gangue dump, change the visual effect, and observe the spraying uniformity and the indication limit. The pigment is preferably water-based pigment, the color can be selected, the green is mainly used, and the adding proportion of the pigment is 0.03-0.1% of the weight ratio of the mixture.
The water used by the invention can be a water source provided by the implementation of the existing place, and the water meets the requirement of environmental protection. According to different formulas, the proportion of water in the mixture can be 20-75% or 30-65%, according to different functions of the sealing and isolating material, different implementation site conditions, different climatic temperatures, different solidification times and the like, and finally, the spraying effect can be flexibly adjusted.
An implementation method of a closed isolation layer applied to waste rock hill treatment comprises the following steps:
(1) a mixed slurry is prepared. The feeding sequence of the mixed slurry is as follows: adding sufficient water and adding fiber; adding a polymer and stirring; adding an additive; finally adding inorganic substances and pigments; before the mixed slurry is sprayed, the stirring is not stopped, and the mixed slurry is prevented from being solidified in a stirring container; the stirring is preferably carried out by mechanical stirring.
(2) Before spraying, the hillside surface of the gangue and the part to be sprayed are firstly tidied, the platform of the hillside road is compacted by a road roller, the side slope is leveled and compacted by a hook machine, and then the mixed slurry after stirring is sprayed on the surface of the hillside by a hydraulic or pneumatic pump. Preferably, a commercially available spray-seeding machine with stirring and spraying equipment is used, and the spray-seeding machine can be placed on a truck for moving use. In a special site, a high-power sand (slurry) pump can be fixed at a certain place and connected with a high-pressure hose to extend to a near point for spraying. The flatter and denser the surface of the gangue, the better the spraying effect and quality, and the more material-saving.
Furthermore, the spraying thickness is 10-50 mm. The spraying thickness is determined according to the functional requirements of the waste rock hill. If fire is to be extinguished, the spraying thickness is at least 30-50mm, and if the fire is to be prevented independently, the spraying thickness is only 10-30mm, but also determined according to the function, performance and quality of the prepared closed isolating material, if the seepage-proofing, heat-insulating and air-tightness performances are good, the spraying thickness can be thinner, and if the spraying thickness is more reliable, the cost and the quality are considered. The spraying can be carried out once to the required thickness or in multiple times to gradually reach the required thickness.
In the invention, the spraying is finished, and the sealing isolation layer can be formed after solidification for 10 to 20 hours generally. After solidification, follow-up work such as follow-up earthing, ditch repairing, vegetation can be carried out. Of course, the setting time is related to the climate conditions such as temperature, humidity, etc., and cannot be determined in a general way.
The closed isolation composition and the method disclosed by the invention are not only used for hills, but also can be used for other fields with the same purpose, such as tailing reservoirs, open mine side slopes, refuse landfill sites, closed isolation of polluted soil, material piles needing fire protection and the like.
It is also possible to use separate impermeable materials, high strength concrete materials, thermal insulation materials, colloid fire prevention and extinguishing materials, even the concrete guniting process commonly used in coal mines, for this purpose, with the only differences in quality, cost, and effectiveness, and in addition, it is conceivable for those skilled in the art, based on the present invention, to substitute the related contents to accomplish the same or equivalent purpose. It is therefore intended that the appended claims cover all such alternative aspects as fall within the true material and scope of the invention.
The working principle is as follows:
the sealing is to completely wrap the waste rock hills by a material and directly remove the harm of the waste rock hills, namely, the dust, toxic and harmful gas and heat generated in the waste rock area, even harmful heavy metal ions in the waste rock hills are fixed in the waste rock hills by the sealing effect of the sealing isolation layer, but not the dust and toxic and harmful gas generated by the waste rock hills are sealed in the waste rock hills by the vegetation growing area. The 'closed' back gangue region does not cause harm to the vegetation growing region and even the atmosphere, and the vegetation in the vegetation growing region can easily grow. The sealing is mainly internal to the waste rock area, and the sealing function should have air tightness, waterproofness and heat insulation.
The isolation means that the waste rock area and the external vegetation growing area are thoroughly separated, and water, air and heat in the vegetation area, even tree roots are blocked outside the waste rock area, so that even if rainwater seeps and leaks in the vegetation growing area, even the tree roots penetrate downwards, the waste rock area is blocked. The waste rock area is not influenced by the vegetation area, spontaneous combustion can not occur, high temperature can not be generated, toxic and harmful gas can not be generated, the damage of the waste rock area is solved, and the vegetation in the vegetation area grows more safely. The isolation is mainly for vegetation growing areas, and has the functions of air tightness, seepage prevention, water resistance, heat insulation and firmness and durability.
The 'closed isolation' is two sides of one thing, the closing is that the vegetation area is not influenced for the waste rock area, and the isolation is that the waste rock area is not influenced for the vegetation area.
This requires the closure barrier to have the following characteristics: waterproof, seepage-proofing, low permeability coefficient, good air tightness, fire-proof and heat-insulating properties, and firmness and durability. As long as the performance of the closed isolation layer has the characteristics, the problem of the waste rock mountain treatment can be easily solved. Importance of the sealing barrier layer:
1. the waste rock area is independent, the damage of the vegetation growing area to the waste rock area is eliminated, and even if the vegetation area has problems due to rainwater erosion, soil cracking and other reasons, one more barrier is provided for the waste rock area.
2. The vegetation safety of the vegetation area is ensured. In the past, because of gangue spontaneous combustion, high temperature and gas leakage, vegetation in a vegetation area is directly damaged, so that a large amount of vegetation is dead, and because of the barrier of 'closed isolation', the damage to the vegetation is greatly reduced.
3. The vegetation area is completely liberated, and the vegetation grows more easily. The problems that fire prevention, seepage prevention, air leakage prevention and the like cannot be realized in the original vegetation area are solved, full-time vegetation grows, such as the problems of soil ventilation, loosening, soil moisture conservation, fertilizer conservation and the like are solved, the vegetation grows more quickly and exuberantly, and in turn, the sealing and isolating layer pressure is reduced, and virtuous cycle is formed.
In a word, the key points of establishing the closed isolation layer between the waste rock area and the vegetation growing area and realizing the corresponding functions of the closed isolation material are whether the ecological environment control of the waste rock mountain is successful or not!
The invention has the advantages and beneficial effects that:
1. high air tightness, tight sealing and no air leakage. On one hand, the gas in the gangue is prevented from leaking out to pollute the atmospheric environment, and on the other hand, the external air is isolated from entering the gangue dump to prevent the oxidation exothermic reaction from generating to cause natural ignition;
2. good waterproof and anti-seepage performance. Rainwater is prevented from infiltrating to generate percolate, soil and underground water are polluted, and meanwhile, gangue is prevented from contacting water to generate oxidation exothermic reaction to accelerate spontaneous combustion of the gangue;
3. heat insulation and fire prevention. The heat of the sunny side slope in summer is prevented from being transmitted to the waste rock area, and the heat of the waste rock heat storage area is prevented from being transmitted to the roots of plants, so that the growth of the plants is prevented from being influenced;
4. compression resistance, tensile resistance, firmness and durability, and does not influence the implementation of the subsequent process. The vegetation root system is prevented from entering the waste rock area, so that air and water are prevented from entering the waste rock area along the vegetation root system to generate oxidation reaction and waste rock weathering, disturbance to the waste rock area is avoided, and the stability of the waste rock mountain is damaged.
5. Is environment-friendly. The adopted raw materials are all environment-friendly materials, and no secondary pollution is caused.
6. The construction is simple, efficient and low in cost. The fire extinguishing system has the advantages that the existing fire area is sealed and isolated to extinguish fire, a large amount of drilling grouting fire extinguishing cost is reduced, fire can be extinguished, and the problem of afterburning after grouting fire extinguishing is solved. The construction is fast, efficient. Because the sealing is tight, a large amount of loess is saved for the subsequent waste rock hill treatment, the waste of land resources is reduced, and the fund is also saved.
7. And preventing heavy metal ions in the gangue region from entering the plants through the soil capillary.
Detailed Description
The present invention will be further described with reference to specific examples, which are intended as illustrative embodiments of the invention and are intended to be included within the scope of the present invention.
Example 1
Adding 800 parts of water into a stirring container according to the weight ratio, and then sequentially adding 20 parts of glass fiber; adding 40 parts of rubber powder, and uniformly stirring; and adding 5 parts of naphthalene water reducer and 5 parts of compacting agent, finally adding 400 parts of cement, 200 parts of silica powder, 300 parts of calcium carbonate and 1 part of green color paste, and uniformly stirring to prepare the spraying slurry.
And spraying the mixed slurry to the surface of the gangue dump by a mortar pump, wherein the spraying thickness is 50 mm. After 10 hours, the mixture is solidified to form a closed isolating layer.
Example 2
Adding sufficient water and adding fiber; adding a polymer and stirring; adding an additive; finally adding inorganic substances and pigments; before the mixed slurry is sprayed, the stirring is not stopped, and the mixed slurry is prevented from being solidified in a stirring container; the stirring is preferably carried out by mechanical stirring.
Adding 500 parts of water into a stirring container of a spray seeding machine according to the weight ratio, and then sequentially adding 10 parts of polypropylene fiber; adding 30 parts of polyvinyl alcohol, and uniformly stirring; adding 5 parts of an anti-seepage agent and 3 parts of a water reducing agent, finally adding 200 parts of cement kiln dust, 100 parts of bentonite, 200 parts of quartz sand and 180 parts of cement, and uniformly stirring to prepare spraying slurry.
And spraying the mixed slurry on the surface of the gangue dump by a spraying-seeding machine, wherein the spraying thickness is 30 mm. After 10 hours, the mixture is solidified to form a closed isolating layer.
Example 3
Adding 500 parts of water into a stirring container of a spray seeding machine according to the weight ratio, and then sequentially adding 10 parts of polyvinyl chloride fibers; adding 30 parts of methyl cellulose, and uniformly stirring; adding 4 parts of a compacting agent and 3 parts of a water reducing agent, finally adding 140 parts of slag, 200 parts of silica fume and 200 parts of cement, and uniformly stirring to prepare the spraying slurry.
And spraying the mixed slurry on the surface of the gangue dump by a spraying-seeding machine, wherein the spraying thickness is 10 mm. After 12 hours, the mixture is solidified to form a closed isolating layer.
Example 4
Adding 500 parts of water into a stirring container of a spray seeding machine according to the weight ratio, and then sequentially adding 10 parts of polyvinyl chloride fibers and 5 parts of polypropylene fibers; adding 10 parts of methyl cellulose and 10 parts of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, and uniformly stirring; adding 2 parts of a compacting agent, 3 parts of a water reducing agent and 4 parts of an anti-seepage agent, finally adding 140 parts of slag, 200 parts of silica fume, 100 parts of bentonite and 200 parts of cement, and uniformly stirring to prepare the spraying slurry.
And spraying the mixed slurry on the surface of the gangue dump by a spraying-seeding machine, wherein the spraying thickness is 15 mm. After 8 hours, the mixture is solidified to form a closed isolating layer.
Example 5
Adding 500 parts of water into a stirring container of a spray seeding machine according to the weight ratio, and then sequentially adding 2 parts of polyvinyl chloride fiber, 2 parts of polyethylene and 3 parts of polycarbonate; adding 10 parts of methyl cellulose, 5 parts of hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, 5 parts of hydroxyethyl cellulose and 5 parts of hydroxymethyl cellulose, and uniformly stirring; adding 1 part of a compacting agent and 3 parts of a water reducing agent, finally adding 140 parts of slag, 200 parts of silica fume, 100 parts of quartz sand and 200 parts of cement, and uniformly stirring to prepare the spraying slurry.
And spraying the mixed slurry on the surface of the gangue dump by a spraying-seeding machine, wherein the spraying thickness is 30 mm. After 8 hours, the mixture is solidified to form a closed isolating layer.
Example 6
Adding 500 parts of water into a stirring container of a spray seeding machine according to the weight ratio, and then sequentially adding 4 parts of polyvinyl chloride fiber, 4 parts of nylon and 4 parts of polyethylene fiber; adding 10 parts of methyl cellulose and 10 parts of ethyl methyl cellulose, and uniformly stirring; adding 5 parts of a compacting agent and 3 parts of a water reducing agent, finally adding 140 parts of slag, 200 parts of silica powder, 160 parts of cement kiln dust and 200 parts of cement, and uniformly stirring to prepare the spraying slurry.
And spraying the mixed slurry on the surface of the gangue dump by a spraying-seeding machine, wherein the spraying thickness is 25 mm. After 8 hours, the mixture is solidified to form a closed isolating layer.
Example 7
Adding 500 parts of water into a stirring container of a spray seeding machine according to the weight ratio, and then sequentially adding 10 parts of polyethylene fiber and 5 parts of polycarbonate; adding 10 parts of methyl cellulose and 15 parts of hydroxymethyl cellulose, and uniformly stirring; adding 3 parts of a compacting agent and 3 parts of a water reducing agent, finally adding 200 parts of cement, 140 parts of calcium carbonate, 200 parts of silica fume and 100 parts of slag, and uniformly stirring to prepare the spraying slurry.
And spraying the mixed slurry on the surface of the gangue dump by a spraying-seeding machine, wherein the spraying thickness is 50 mm. After 8 hours, the mixture is solidified to form a closed isolating layer.
Example 8
Embodiment of enclosed isolation layer for treating waste rock mountain of Wangzhuang coal mine of Changzhi division of Shanxi Jinneng group
The Wangzhuang coal mine waste rock management project is provided with 6 slopes and 6 streets, the width of each street is 5m, the vertical height is 5m, and the slope ratio is 1: 2. the pavement is compacted by a road roller, and the slope is compacted and finished by a hook machine.
The adopted equipment comprises the following steps: spray seeder, model HKP-125, volume 8m3And a power of 125 kw.
The mixed slurry is prepared according to the example 1, and is sprayed on the surface of the gangue dump, wherein the spraying thickness is 10mm, and the functions of oxygen isolation, seepage prevention, heat insulation, firmness and durability are achieved.
The mixed slurry is prepared according to the example 2, and is sprayed on the surface of the closed isolating layer, wherein the spraying thickness is 10mm, and the functions of seepage prevention and oxygen isolation are achieved.
The material has the advantages of fire resistance, high temperature resistance, heat insulation, strong air tightness, low permeability, compression resistance, tensile resistance, environmental protection, no secondary pollution and no influence on the growth of subsequent vegetation. Although the closed isolation process is added, the subsequent covering soil thickness and covering soil amount are greatly reduced, the cost is low, the ecological restoration success of the mine is ensured, and the major hidden dangers of safety, environmental protection and the like caused by treatment failure are avoided.
Finally, it should be noted that: although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that changes may be made in the embodiments and/or equivalents thereof without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention. Any modification, equivalent replacement, or improvement made within the spirit and principle of the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention.
Claims (6)
1. A method for preventing the gangue dump from firing naturally is characterized in that a closed isolation layer is added between a gangue area and a vegetation growing area, so that the gangue area and the vegetation growing area are independent and do not affect each other; the closed isolation layer is formed by spraying a closed isolation composition slurry on the surface of gangue through a special machine and solidifying; the spraying thickness is 10-50 mm; the closed barrier composition slurry is a mixed slurry comprising: the composite material comprises inorganic matters, polymers, fibers, additives and water, wherein the weight ratio of the inorganic matters is 20-75%, the weight ratio of the polymers is 0.2-5%, the weight ratio of the fibers is 0.05-5%, the weight ratio of the additives is 0.05-2%, and the weight ratio of the water is 20-75%; the inorganic substance comprises at least two of cement, calcium carbonate, cement kiln dust CKD, silica fume, silica powder, bentonite, slag and quartz sand, and is in the form of powder, wherein one of the inorganic substances is cement; the polymer comprises one of polyvinyl alcohol, rubber powder and cellulose, and the cellulose comprises at least one of methyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxymethyl cellulose and ethyl methyl cellulose; the fiber is synthetic fiber, and the synthetic fiber comprises at least one of polyethylene, polypropylene, polyvinyl chloride, polycarbonate and nylon; the additive comprises at least one of a water reducing agent, a compacting agent and an anti-seepage agent, wherein the water reducing agent is matched with cement for use and comprises at least one of a naphthalene water reducing agent and a melamine water reducing agent, and the proportion of the additive is 0.1-2% of the weight ratio of the mixed slurry.
2. The method as claimed in claim 1, wherein the inorganic material is present in the mixture in an amount of 40-70 wt%.
3. The method for preventing the spontaneous combustion of the gangue dump as claimed in claim 1, wherein the weight ratio of the polymer in the mixture is 0.5-5% or 0.8-3%.
4. The method for preventing the spontaneous combustion of the gangue dump as claimed in claim 1, wherein the weight ratio of the fiber in the mixture is 0.1-3%.
5. The method for preventing the spontaneous combustion of the gangue dump as claimed in claim 1, wherein the gangue dump further comprises a pigment, the pigment is a mortar pigment or an aqueous pigment, and the pigment is added in a proportion of 0.03-0.1% by weight of the mixed slurry.
6. The method for preventing the spontaneous combustion of the gangue dump as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the construction method of the closed insulation composition slurry specifically comprises the following steps:
(1) preparing mixed slurry, wherein the mixing sequence of the mixed slurry is as follows: adding water and fiber; adding a polymer and stirring; adding an additive, and finally adding an inorganic substance and a pigment; before the mixed slurry is sprayed, stirring is not stopped, and the mixed slurry is prevented from being solidified into a mixing tank;
(2) before spraying, the hillside surface of the gangue and the part to be sprayed are firstly tidied, the platform of the hillside road of the gangue is compacted by a road roller, the side slope is leveled and compacted by a hook machine, then the mixed slurry is sprayed on the surface of the hillside of the gangue by a hydraulic or pneumatic pump, and the spraying thickness is 10-50 mm.
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