RU2728614C1 - Fire-fighting string installation - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: fire-fighting equipment.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to means of localizing fire in peat deposits under the earth's surface with subsequent extinguishing, as well as to control the process of burning saw dust and garbage dumps. Device is intended for extinguishing of peat fires by means of pump station, fire hose, submersible fire shaft and fire extinguishing liquid, wherein submersible fire barrel is equipped with pressure control valve, which provides uniform supply of fire extinguishing liquid from pump station, with possibility to set required pressure level in each fire barrel and T-piece, which allows to sequentially increase garland from barrels. Smoldering fires in peat deposits are extinguished by supplying fire extinguishing liquid from pump to developed system of required number of fire shafts inserted into peat at predetermined distance from boundary of smoke release area of smoldered peat deposit and connected by fire rods.

EFFECT: thus creating a protective strip, preventing further spread of fire.

1 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The proposed installation refers to the means of localizing the foci of ignition in peat deposits under the earth's surface with their subsequent extinguishing. It is also applicable to control the incineration of sawdust heaps and landfills.

There is a known method of extinguishing peat fires (RU patent for utility model No. 84231, publ. 10.07.2009), using an installation consisting of a forest fire engine, on which a water pump is installed, a water tank with a foaming agent, a hydraulic manipulator on a full-revolving column, at the end of which there is a fire nozzle for extinguishing peat fires. However, this installation has a complex and multi-tier system for directing a fire to an open source of peat fire. The area of operation of this device is limited by the reach of the boom of the hydraulic manipulator, and the very extinguishing of peat fires is carried out by deepening the shaft to extinguish peat fires at the required point. The application of this method is limited to the delivery of heavy equipment, pumping equipment, etc., over rough terrain to the place of fire in peatlands.

A known method of extinguishing peatland fires using peat extinguishing shafts, patent RU 2530397. The method includes determining the area of the peat self-heating source by measuring the temperature in the peat at least at six points, preparing an inert gas using membrane air separation technology and supplying it under pressure to the specified area ... Temperature measurement and the supply of inert gas to peat is performed using peat stems-thermal probes, each of which is made in the form of a peat stem equipped with at least two temperature sensors. However, given the smoldering area of peat bogs, such an installation with several shafts as a fire retardant belt in most cases will not be sufficient.

The known method RU 2592345 for localizing foci and extinguishing smoldering fires in peat deposits consists in creating fire-barrier belts, created using extinguishing shafts, pre-filled with a fire extinguishing agent, as powder compositions. To implement the method, you need a mobile device with a trailer for transporting extinguishing shafts filled with a fire-extinguishing powder composition, equipped with a drilling mechanism for drilling wells, a mechanism for installing extinguishing shafts in a well and removing shafts from wells, a container with gas that does not support smoldering peat combustion, with pipelines (hoses) gas supply under pressure to extinguishing barrels. This method does not provide for the simultaneous introduction of a fire-extinguishing agent through the trunks and excludes the possibility of organizing a periodic or round-the-clock supply of a fire-extinguishing liquid (gas, powder, foam).

The closest device is the TS-1 peat shaft, designed to extinguish peat fires through the optimal and uniform distribution of the flow of liquids through the thickness of the peat layer, developed by OOO Leshozsnab, which has a very simple mechanism consisting of a metal pipe with a tip, holes, handles, crane and GM-50 coupling. After installing the TS-1 into the peat layer, water is supplied through the fire hose to the peat shaft. Practical application is accompanied by extrusion of trunks from the thickness of peat layers under the influence of the pressure of a jet of fire-extinguishing liquid.

The aim of the present invention is to reduce labor intensity and increase the efficiency of extinguishing underground smoldering fires.

When developing the proposed device, the following tasks were solved:

- to increase the front of the fire-stopping belt in peat deposits by increasing the number of extinguishing shafts and their simultaneous use;

- to ensure a uniform supply of fire extinguishing liquid along the fire nozzles in the entire chain, taking into account the pressure loss at the end of the garland;

- to exclude the extrusion of trunks from peat.

The proposed garland (see Fig. 1 and Fig. 2) consists of a fire pumping station (1) installed on the platform of a car or other vehicle, fire nozzles (3), a flexible fire hose (2), through which the extinguishing liquid from fire pumping station (1). A fire barrel for extinguishing peat fires consists of two parts: a main tube (8) and a removable tip (11), connected to each other, for example, by a threaded bushing (13). The main tube (8) has the required number of holes (9) for the supply of extinguishing liquid (gas, powder, foam), the removable tip (11) is equipped with a screw surface (10) for installation, screwing fire nozzles into the peat layer (5) to the required depth ... When pressure is applied, the auger (10) keeps the fire barrel from being squeezed out of the peat formation. A tee (7) and a pressure regulator valve (6) are located in the upper part of the fire barrel. A temperature sensor (12) is installed on each fire nozzle. On the last fire barrel in the chain, one of the tee holes is closed with a plug (4). In addition, the set of such an autonomous fire-fighting installation may include: containers with extinguishing liquid (water) or powder, foam systems, a membrane unit for separating nitrogen from the air, or cylinders with another inert gas, as well as an additional set of main tubes (8 ), of different lengths, for different levels of peat fires.

The essence of the proposed method lies in the fact that extinguishing smoldering fires in peat deposits is carried out by supplying a fire extinguishing liquid from a pump to a developed system from the required number of fire nozzles thrust into the peat at a predetermined distance from the boundary of the smoke emission zone of a smoldering peat deposit and connected in series by fire hoses. Thus, a barrier strip is created to prevent the further spread of the fire. In the installation for extinguishing fires in peat deposits, the fire extinguishing liquid is supplied from a pump to series-connected peat shafts, each of which is equipped with a pressure regulator, to ensure a uniform supply of extinguishing liquid along all shafts, for a long time as a wetting agent and auger blades that facilitate burial and further retention trunks in peat.

To ensure a uniform supply of extinguishing liquid, wetting agent or extinguishing agent or gas, it can be carried out periodically after a certain time or constantly by means of peat shafts connected in series with fire hoses. Given the similarity of the chemical composition of peat with wood, there is reason to believe that various powder compositions are no less effective in extinguishing peat. Moisture (water and aqueous solutions of fire-extinguishing substances) due to the presence of bitumen in the composition of peat particles and on the surface of peat particles, in the form of its components, does not wet them, does not stay on them, but goes past the peat particles down into the groundwater. Peat, remaining insufficiently moistened, continues to smolder. In this regard, aqueous solutions of fire-extinguishing substances when extinguishing smoldering fires in peat deposits are ineffective. Powders, including mineral salts of alkali metals and iron or mixtures of these salts, carbonates, with a certain mass fraction introduced into the peat mass, prevent peat smoldering. Considering the fact that peat formations in natural conditions have an extremely low swelling ability, it is advisable to wetting with powder compositions of different composition, which are more effective in penetrating into the pores of peat and retaining it in it. The use of inert gases will also be effective.

The principle of operation of a fire garland is that fire nozzles are installed along the border of the danger zone to localize peat fires, to control the burning of landfills, residues of woodworking materials, sawdust heaps and other flammable masses under the soil layer. The trunks are driven into the beginning of the peat bog, along the fire hazard zone. In this case, the trunks can be introduced into the line, in a circle, in a semicircle, along the perimeter of the restriction zone and thereby localize the fire zone with its subsequent extinguishing. The trunks can be located on a closed or open principle, taking into account the terrain and the current fire situation. Peat shafts are driven by a rotating movement into the depth of the peat layer or under the earth's surface in the controlled zone of burning landfills or sawdust heaps, to the required depth. Thanks to the auger part, the trunks weighing 2.187 kg are effortlessly buried and removed from the ground, and also held in the peat during the extinguishing process. The process of installing fire nozzles can be mechanized. Thanks to pressure regulating valves, a uniform supply of a stream of liquid along the shafts is achieved, taking into account the heterogeneity of the peat layer. Installed temperature sensors allow monitoring the extinguishing process. The regulator valve is set to the required pressure, taking into account the pressure loss along the length of the garland from fire nozzles. The width of the strip for processing a peat layer with a fire-extinguishing liquid is at least 0.7 m. Depending on the fire situation, the length of the structure varies, for which fire hoses of different lengths are used, which are screwed to each peat trunk and connected in series into a garland. The estimated effective distance between the trunks is about 2 m. The required number of peat trunks in a garland is used to form a fire-barrier belt. A valve or plug is installed at the end of the chain, instead of a flexible sleeve, as the final part of the structure. After the installation of fire nozzles, fire extinguishing fluid is supplied from the fire pumping station. The extinguishing liquid enters the tee then into the main barrel, through the pressure regulator valve, then into the holes, thereby impregnating the peat layer, the auger keeps the fire barrel from being squeezed out when pressure is applied. For round-the-clock maintenance of the installation, one fire brigade is enough. The length of the front of the fire-stopping belt in peat deposits depends on the technical characteristics of the pumping station, on the possibility of creating the necessary pressure on the last fire shaft and the number of fire nozzles. After the necessary impregnation of the peat layer with a fire extinguishing agent, the fire brigade moves the garland to the next section or periodically turns off the supply of extinguishing liquid. Temperature sensors allow you to control the effectiveness of the fire protection belt.

The positive effect of the use of a garland is that a series connection of fire nozzles reduces the number of fire hoses, allows you to create a longer fire barrier line, increases the extinguishing area of a smoldering peat deposit, reduces the labor intensity of installation and maintenance of fire nozzles and organizes round-the-clock or periodic supply of fire extinguishing liquid , inert gas, powder, foam or other substances into the peat layer by the forces of one fire brigade.

Claims (2)

1. A device designed to extinguish peat fires by means of a pumping station, a fire hose, a submersible fire barrel and extinguishing liquid, characterized in that the submersible fire barrel is equipped with: a pressure regulator valve that ensures a uniform supply of fire extinguishing liquid from the pumping station, with the ability to set the required the level of pressure in each fire barrel and a tee that allows you to consistently build up a garland of the barrels. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the submersible fire nozzle is equipped with auger blades that simplify the introduction into the earth's surface and eliminate the extrusion of the fire nozzle from the ground in operating mode.

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