RU2433483C1 - Onboard simulator of track-type vehicle driving - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: transport. ^ SUBSTANCE: proposed onboard simulator comprises driver and instructor observation instruments, trainee electronic switch, impact pickup, LED indicator of excess impact, error transmitter, error receiver, interface and personal computer. Aforesaid observation instruments comprises LED timers with their input connected to time signaling unit output. Impact LED indicator input is connected with first output of impact pickup with its other output connected with first input of pulse counter. First output of pulse counter is connected with first input of estimate generator with its other input making second output of control unit connected with trainee electronic switch output. Pulse counter second output is connected with error transmitter, error receiver, interface and personal computer to control training from command center, all components being connected in series. Small and mean deviation LED indicators are connected via amplifiers with flash generator outputs with flash generator inputs connected with first and second operating conditions selector switch. Third and fourth outputs of operating condition selector switch are connected via amplifiers with maximum deviation indicators and with first and second inputs of OR circuit with its output connected via one-shot multivibrator with the other input of pulse counter. ^ EFFECT: higher quality of training and training control. ^ 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to educational training tools for driving tracked vehicles.

Known devices and driving simulators TR-172M, TR-434 and TR-765, which are a mock-up of the control department with controls designed to acquire motor skills in driving a car (see. Training in driving combat vehicles on educational and training means. - M .: Military Publishing House, 1981, p. 15-36).

A significant drawback of these simulators is the inability to form sensory skills in controlling the machine.

Currently, unified dynamic simulators of the TTV type are widely used to teach driving combat vehicles (see. Learning how to drive combat vehicles on educational and training means. - M.: Military Publishing House, 1981, p. 36-67). Simulators of this type are unified dynamic complexes intended for the formation of practical skills among driver mechanics in the sequence and coordination of actions by control bodies, in monitoring instrumentation, and also for improving techniques for driving cars in various driving conditions. However, the design of these simulators does not allow the formation of the whole complex of skills necessary to control a real machine, and has a number of significant drawbacks:

the student does not visually feel the results of incorrect actions to control the machine, which is very important from a psychological point of view, because violation of the rules for overcoming obstacles and inaccurate actions by the traffic control authorities entail the stalling, destruction of obstacles, breakdowns and car accidents;

it is practically impossible to achieve the sensation of correct overcoming of an obstacle on simulators such as TTV because even with clearly incorrect actions by the learner, the visual picture is programmed for the correct action and produces a consequence of the correct actions on the screen.

The practice of using simulators in driving training shows that a positive effect is achieved only when the learner feels his wrong actions by the senses. Therefore, at the final stage of driving training, there is a need to create a simulator that would provide the learner with the opportunity to visually sense the wrong actions to control the combat vehicle and quickly receive the results of these actions.

The Troops-2M-Agat objective control system (RNS) was supplied to the troops, which is designed to control the quality of driving combat vehicles in relation to the test exercise and other exercises of the Driving Course of combat vehicles of the Ground Forces. This system allows the head of the lesson in operational time to see on the display and print screen errors that the trainees make during the exercise. However, the student, for the sake of which, in essence, the lesson is organized, as well as the driver-instructor who is together with the student in the tank, do not receive such operational information about the results of their activities. Therefore, the use of this system at the stage of primary education, which is carried out in training centers and military schools, is ineffective. The system performs only a supervisory function. The process of skill formation is broken in time, because the action is performed earlier, and the learner will find out whether it is right or wrong much later, when the last machine of the unit with the learner arrives at the source and the head of the lesson in the analysis indicates to the trainees about the failed assessment indicators and the mistakes made during their implementation.

In addition, at the stage of initial training, we are talking about the formation of motor skills, when the process is very dynamic and here you need to instantly evaluate each control action and present it objectively.

Therefore, for initial training, a new technical solution is proposed that allows drivers to master the driving skills of military vehicles in the shortest possible time, to make maximum use of their high combat and operational properties in the difficult conditions of modern warfare.

The closest technical solution (prototype) to the proposed one is a well-known device for training drivers of tracked vehicles (see patent for the invention No. 2319218 dated March 10, 2008), comprising a vehicle location registration sensor, a low-frequency generator, magnetically sensitive sensor elements, signal amplifier circuits , phase detector, comparator unit, deviation level setting scheme, control unit, operating mode switch, small and medium deviation LED indicators, flashing generators, amplifiers , deviation indicators, OR circuit, one-shot, pulse counter, evaluation unit, digital indicator, setpoint generator, timer, timer control circuit, code switch block, conversion circuit, time signaling unit, LED indicators for reading the standard time of movement, located in field of view of the sight of the driver.

The disadvantage of this device is that when performing a driving exercise, the instructor and the head of the lesson do not see objectively and in real time the student’s errors when he violates the rules for overcoming obstacles and limited passes, which reduces the effectiveness of training.

The objective of the proposed technical solution is to improve the quality of driving instruction and the objective control system, which would provide high accuracy in evaluating the student's activities.

The problem is solved by introducing into the well-known device for the training of tracked vehicle drivers an instructor’s viewing device, a trainee’s electronic key, a shock sensor, an LED indicator for exceeding the permissible impact value, an error transmitter, an error receiver, a pairing unit and a personal electronic computer.

At the same time, an on-board tracked vehicle driving simulator containing a vehicle location registration sensor, a low-frequency generator, magnetically sensitive sensor elements, signal amplifier circuits, a phase detector, a comparator unit, a deviation level setting circuit, a control unit, an operating mode switch, small and medium deviation LED indicators , flashing generators, amplifiers, limit deviation indicators, OR circuit, one-shot, pulse counter, estimator, digital indicator, set IR of estimated indicators, timer, timer control circuit, code switch block, recalculation circuit, time signaling unit, LED indicators for reading the standard time of movement located in the field of view of the driver’s sighting device, characterized in that the instructor’s sighting device and an electronic key are additionally introduced into it trainee, shock sensor, LED indicator for exceeding the permissible value of shock, error transmitter, error receiver, interface unit and personal electronic computer in other words, the input of the driver’s sighting device and the instructor’s viewing device contain series-connected LED indicators for reading the standard time of movement, the input of which is connected to the output of the time signaling unit, LED indicators of small, medium and maximum deviation, the inputs of which are connected to the outputs of the amplifiers, an LED indicator for exceeding permissible impact value, the input of which is connected to the first output of the shock sensor, the other output of which is connected to the first input of the pulse counter, the input of which is connected to the output of the one-shot, the third input of the pulse counter is connected to the first output of the control unit, and the first output of the pulse counter is connected to the first input of the evaluation unit, the other input of which is the second output of the control unit, which is connected with the output of the student’s electronic key, and the third output of the control unit is connected to one of the inputs of the time signaling unit, LED indicators of small and medium deviation through the amplifiers are connected to the outputs of the flashing generators, the inputs of which are single with the first and second outputs of the operating mode switch, respectively, the third and fourth outputs of which are connected respectively through amplifiers with limit deviation indicators and the first and second inputs of the OR circuit, the output of which through a single-shot is connected to another input of the pulse counter, the second output of which is connected with serially connected error transmitter, error receiver, interface unit and personal electronic computer to control driving instruction from a command post .

The proposed technical solution also allows the student: independently, without the help of an instructor, to work out the basic elements of exercises; see all your mistakes at the time of their commission; see the elimination of these errors at the time of their elimination; receive an objective assessment immediately after the exercise.

The invention is illustrated in the drawing, which shows a structural diagram of the proposed simulator.

In the drawing, the following notations are accepted: sensor 1 for registering the location of the machine, low-frequency generator 2, magneto-sensitive elements of sensors 3 and 4, signal amplifier circuits 5 and 6, phase detector 7, comparator unit 8, deviation level setting circuit 9, control unit 10, switch 11 operating modes, LED indicators 12 and 13 of small and medium deviations, the first 14 and second 15 blinking generators 14 and 15, amplifiers 16 and 17, limit deviation indicators 18 and 19, amplifiers 20 and 21, OR 22 circuit, single vibrator 23, counter 24 pulses, block 25 form of evaluations, a digital indicator 26, a setter 27 of the estimated indicators, a timer 28, a timer control circuit 29, a code switch unit 30, a conversion circuit 31, a time signaling unit 32, LED indicators 33-39 of a reference movement time reference located in the field of view of the sighting device 40 driver, instructor’s viewing device 41, student’s electronic key 42, shock sensor 43, LED indicator 44 for exceeding the permissible impact value, transmitter 45 errors, receiver 46 errors, unit 47 pairing, personal electronic numeral 48 machine.

Viewing devices 40 of the driver and 41 instructors are standard viewing devices for monitoring the driver and the commander of the machine, respectively. These devices are equipped with a series of LED indicators, which are mounted between the upper and lower prisms. Information on driving quality indicators and errors is displayed on the LED indicators and fed to the learner directly in the viewing device 40 of the driver.

When moving along an obstacle section, the student sees:

1. The countdown of the standard time set to overcome the obstacle section on the LED indicators 33-39.

2. The moment of the initial deviation of the machine from the middle of the obstacle passage according to the LED indicators 12 and 13.

3. The machine goes beyond the obstacle clearance or the machine touches the dimensional limiter at the obstacle according to indicators 18 and 19.

4. Acceleration of impact of the machine body more than the permissible value of 3g on the LED indicator 44.

Similar information is seen by the driver-instructor instructor on the LED indicators of his sightseeing device 41 instructors.

Information is transferred from an obstacle to a car and from a car to a command post to the head of the lesson remotely, due to, for example, the principle of electromagnetic oscillations. In this case, each error, each surname of the student and the obstacle number on the route corresponds to its own, well-defined form, magnitude and frequency of the encoded signal. In the proposed on-board simulator, unlike the existing simulator designs and control systems, radio waves are not used, and therefore it does not interfere with the head of the lesson to manage the process of driving training on a radio station.

Structurally, the sensor 1 recording the location of the machine is made in the form of a current-carrying conductor located along the perimeter of the obstacle section. When a weak alternating current is passed through the wires, an alternating electromagnetic field is formed around them, which sets the program for the movement of the tank in a controlled area. Wires can be hung on poles or laid in the ground along the curbs along the road to a depth of 80 cm.

On the sides of the car, on its right and left fenders, two magnetically sensitive sensor elements 3 and 4 are installed in the front part, in which, when moving along an obstacle, voltage is proportional to the displacement of the car from the middle of the obstacle passage or its borders to the right and left. The line for laying the wire can coincide with the line for the placement of restrictive poles installed according to the requirements of the Driving Course, or go beyond it to a distance of 3 meters.

Thus, the equipment of the on-board simulator in comparison with the equipment of existing simulators and control systems is much simpler to manufacture and install. It does not require the installation of cumbersome, unreliable mechanical sensors on the obstacle and the machine, realizing the principle of mechanical shock of the sensor element mounted on the machine against the sensor element mounted on the obstacle. And, importantly, replacing the trainee’s device, the equipment of the flight simulator can be used at any other objects of armored, automotive and other equipment.

In a personal electronic computer (PC) 48, individual learner assessment is determined by the driving quality indicators transmitted by the receiver 46 of errors and the display of the driving results on the display in real time.

The simulator works as follows.

Before driving, the head of the lesson, arriving at the tower of the command post, turns on the PC 48. He takes the disc with the control program recorded on it and inserts it into the drive window. While the program is loading, the “Instructions on the procedure for using the on-board simulator and control system” are displayed on the display screen.

The head of the lesson reads the instructions and then acts in accordance with its instructions.

The message “Group code ...” is displayed on the display screen. This means that the head of the lesson must enter the code of the study group with which this lesson is held. Suppose that the lesson is held with students of the 1st faculty of the 2nd year of the 3rd group. Accordingly, by pressing the keys "010203" enters the code of the study group.

After that, a list of this training group is displayed on the display screen, which was stored in the memory of the machine from the very beginning of the receipt of students in the academy and the formation of training groups.

The head of the lesson checks the presence of students in the lesson according to the list in the register of studies. If necessary, he can call the on-screen text editor and make the necessary changes, indicate the reasons for the absence of the student (sick, outfit, vacation, etc.).

Further, the head of the lesson gives each student a personal electronic key 42. At the same time, he makes sure that the number of the electronic key matches the number of the listener in the group list. This is done so that the PC can distinguish between the results of driving each student.

After setting the task and sending students to training places, the head of the lesson puts the system in automatic control mode by pressing the Enter key and turning on the PC 48 interface unit 48 with training places and obstacle sections. At the same time, the message “GOING AUTOMATIC REGISTRATION OF DRIVING RESULTS” appears on the display screen.

Trainees, arriving at training places, prepare the machines for movement and insert the electronic key 42 into the lock of the control unit 10, and the instructor sets the standard time for the exercise to be performed using the switch of the unit 29. Report to the head of the lesson on the radio station about the readiness for movement and on the command "Forward" perform the exercise. The operator at the command post includes a low-frequency generator 2, a weak alternating current of 12 V and a frequency of 3.5 kHz, passing through conductor 1, forms an alternating magnetic field around it. With the beginning of the movement, at the moment of entry to the controlled section of the track (the machine crosses the initial line at the command post), the sensor element 3, crossing the magnetic field, generates an electrical signal. This signal, amplified by the electronic microcircuit 5, is supplied to the timer control circuit 29 and resets all timer elements. The signal from the output of the timer control circuit is supplied to the input of the control unit 10, which allows the passage of pulses of the quartz time generator of the timer 28 to the input of the time signaling unit 32. In this case, the pulses from the output of the recalculation circuit 29 with a period proportional to the set number of the time standard are counted by the decimal counter of the time signaling unit 32. The pulses from the outputs of the decimal counter are remembered by the trigger of the time signaling unit 32 and through the amplifier of the same block the green LEDs 33-38 are sequentially located in the field of view of the driver’s sighting device 40. These LED indicators record the countdown of the standard time set to overcome the obstacle section. Their sequential inclusion obliges the driver to adjust the speed of the machine in such a way as to overcome the controlled section of the track (section with an obstacle) before the last red LED 39 on the right turns on. The inclusion of this indicator indicates to the student that the norm is not fulfilled. It will be recorded by a counter of 24 pulses, as an error - “TIME” and transmitted to the command post for the head of the lesson. Similar information is supplied to the instructor’s viewing device 41, urging him to promptly and objectively influence the student’s actions.

When the car moves in an electromagnetic field created along the perimeter of obstacles and limited passages, electrical signals proportional to the deviation of the car from the middle of the line of travel will be generated in the sensor elements 3 and 4 located on the sides of the car. The magnetosensitive elements of the sensors are switched on in such a way that the signals from their outputs are directed counter to each other. These signals, amplified by chips 5 and 6, are fed to a phase detector 7, which determines the magnitude and direction of the deviation of the machine from the middle of the line of travel. The DC signal from the phase detector is fed to the block of comparators 8.

When moving in the middle of the aisle (along a given trajectory of movement), the magnetically sensitive elements of the sensors induce voltages that are the same in magnitude but opposite in sign, and therefore there is no total mismatch signal at the output of the phase detector.

If the machine deviates from the middle of the aisle (from a given trajectory of movement), the equality of stresses in the magnetically sensitive elements of the sensors is violated. At the output of the phase detector, a DC mismatch signal appears, which passes to block 8 of the comparators. Depending on the magnitude and direction of the deviation of the machine (to the right or left) from the middle of the limited access passage line, a control signal corresponding to this deviation is generated at the output, which is converted into a light signal of the viewing observation device. LED indicators 12 and 13 of small and medium deviations, fixing the moments of deviation of the machine from the middle of the aisle, are located in the upper part of the field of view of the sightseeing device 40 of the driver. In this case, the block of comparators determines three levels of deviations: small, medium and marginal. The values of the levels of indication of deviations are set and provided by the internal controllers of the control unit through circuit 9, which is connected by its input to the comparator unit. If there is a mismatch signal at the other input in the comparator, corresponding to the deviation from the midline of the specified direction of movement, they are fed to the LED circuitry located in the upper part of the field of view of the driver’s sight 40. The signal of small deviation, amplified in the amplifier by an electric microcircuit 16 and 17, is indicated by the student blinking light due to flashing generators 14 and 15 of the corresponding LED indicator (13 or 12) of small and medium deviations. This allows the student from the beginning of the movement to correctly assess their sensation by the magnitude of the deviation. The signal of the average deviation from the output of the comparator unit through the switch 11 will be fed to the amplifier microcircuit 16 or 17 and will cause a constant glow of the LED indicators 12 or 13 depending on the side of the deviation from the given direction of movement. At the same time, the driver, without switching attention from observing the direction of movement, can independently control the correctness of his actions, as well as practice driving techniques in limited aisles.

In the case of a maximum deviation from the middle of the limited-pass line, the signal through the switch will go to the amplifier 20 or 21 and will signal to the student about the mistake made by constant illumination of the LED indicator 18 or 19 of the maximum deviation. At the same time, from block 8, the signal will go to the counter 24 pulses through the circuit 22 OR and one-shot 23, which will "remember" this signal as an error - "DIMENSION". Indications of deviations of the machine from a given direction and exit beyond the limits of the designated dimensions, as well as the registration of errors by driving techniques to the right or left, are similar and without features. Similar information can be observed by a driver-instructor mechanic by the LED indicators of his instructor instrument 41.

Such a division of the deviation values into levels is extremely important when forming the learner’s skill of initial orientation from an armored tracked vehicle while overcoming obstacles and limited passes.

The results of experimental studies showed that trainees who were trained without a device had, on average, one deviation in the obstacle section 20 m long.

However, the magnitude of this deviation was relatively large, and averaged about 80 cm. That is, students after three or four classes, which are 10-12 races on the same obstacles, did not learn to feel the moment the machine began to deviate from the middle of the aisle and only saw it then when it got big enough.

At the same time, trainees who were trained with an on-board simulator, immediately after the first lessons, reduced the deviation by about two times, and the intensity of their impact on the governing bodies of the car increased three times. Accordingly, the time required to form a sustainable skill has decreased by the same amount.

When driving with strokes of the machine body more than the allowable value of 3g, the LED 44 for exceeding the allowable value of the impact is turned on, which is located in the middle of the upper part of the field of view of the driver's sight 40. He indicates to the student that such a strike is unacceptable and at the same time helps him to maximize the speed capabilities of the combat vehicle in terms of smoothness, avoiding unnecessarily “soft” driving and hard blows. The inclusion of the LED indicator 44 of exceeding the permissible impact value will be recorded by the counter 24 pulses as an error - "DIMENSION" and transferred to the command post for the head of the lesson.

The signal for the completion of the exercise, coming from the control unit 10 to the counter 24 pulses, the number of errors on the technique of driving and the time of the exercise is passed to block 25 formation of estimates. The initial information embedded in the setter 27 of the estimated indicators is compared with the current and in the form of a general assessment of the average speed, taking into account the number of errors made when overcoming obstacles, it is displayed on the indicator 26 estimates, and then on to the control unit 10. As a result, the instructor and the head of the lesson make a conclusion about the achieved level of driving skills and the possibility of moving to a more complex task.

The simulator eliminates subjectivity in assessing driving skills, and also allows you to set specific errors in driving a car. Zero readings of a digital indicator record cases of bypassing an obstacle along a route.

The mechanic-driver-instructor sees similar information on the indicators of his instrument 41 instructors, which allows him to promptly and objectively influence the actions of the trainee.

The head of the lesson can monitor the progress of the learning process at the training site. To do this, using a computer program, he calls the team, for example, the first training place and, according to the “Vedomosti Record of Driving Results”, analyzes how many students completed the task at the given training place, what characteristic errors they have and what is the result of the performance assessment.

Errors recorded by the counter 24, after overcoming the obstacle, will be remotely transmitted using the error transmitter 45 installed on the machine to the error receiver 46 located at the exit of the obstacle and in electrical communication with the PC interface unit 47 at the command post. The head of the lesson on the PC display in real time sees the results of the performance indicators of the driving quality of each student, and at the end of the lesson prints them in the "Statement of Recording Driving Results" in the form, a sample of which is determined by the Driving Path of military vehicles.

The proposed on-board simulator was designed and manufactured a prototype, which made it possible to conduct comparative tests of the effectiveness of training on a machine with the proposed device.

The results of comparative experimental studies have shown that, firstly, it is advisable to use the on-board simulator not only on machines, but also on simulators like TTV. In this case, we will form the single skill that is necessary for the practical driving of a combat vehicle, and objectively evaluate it.

Secondly, it is advisable to use the on-board simulator on machines and on simulators not on the preparatory exercises, where one obstacle follows another, but on sections of obstacles where multiple overcoming of the same obstacle is ensured. This multiple overcoming of one and the same obstacle can be dozens of times. And only in this case, the skill in the technique of overcoming obstacles and limited passages is formed most effectively.

Each section of the obstacle must contain two obstacles located on the ring track. The location of obstacles on the ring track should provide the ability to accelerate the tank to 5-6 gears, in order to teach the learner the correct way to overcome obstacles with approaching and moving away from him at the maximum possible speed. The dimensions of this section can be 100-150 m along the front and 300-350 m in depth.

Implementation of the proposed driving training technique with an on-board simulator in obstacle areas will increase driving quality by 25%, reduce the number of lessons by 27% or 29 hours, and reduce the consumption of motor resources by 12% or 30 km. In addition, it will free up most of the instructor-driver mechanics and reduce the territory of training fields allocated to tank and racing tracks by about two-thirds. When performing exercises, the on-board simulator eliminates subjectivity in determining the individual assessment of the learner, and also allows you to set specific errors in the technique of driving a car and provide an average speed of 15% higher, all else being equal.

Claims (1)

On-board tracked vehicle driving simulator containing a vehicle location sensor, low frequency generator, magnetically sensitive sensor elements, signal amplifier circuits, phase detector, comparator unit, deviation level setting circuit, control unit, mode switch, small and medium deviation LED indicators , flashing generators, amplifiers, limit deviation indicators, OR circuit, single-shot, pulse counter, evaluation unit, digital indicator, evaluation unit indicators, timer, timer control circuit, code switch block, recalculation circuit, time signaling unit, LED indicators for reading the standard time of movement located in the field of view of the driver’s sighting device, characterized in that the instructor’s sighting device and the student’s electronic key are additionally introduced into it , shock sensor, LED indicator for exceeding the permissible value of shock, error transmitter, error receiver, interface unit and personal electronic computer, This driver’s sightseeing device and instructor’s sighting device contain serially connected LED indicators for reading the standard time of movement, the input of which is connected to the output of the time signaling unit, LED indicators of small, medium and maximum deviation, the inputs of which are connected to the outputs of the amplifiers, an LED indicator for exceeding the permissible impact value, the input of which is connected to the first output of the shock sensor, the other output of which is connected to the first input of the pulse counter, the other input of which connected to the output of the one-shot, the third input of the pulse counter is connected to the first output of the control unit, and the first output of the pulse counter is connected to the first input of the evaluation unit, the other input of which is the second output of the control unit connected to the electronic key of the student, and the third output the control unit is connected to one of the inputs of the time signaling unit, LED indicators of small and medium deviation through the amplifiers are connected to the outputs of the flashing generators, the inputs of which are connected to the first m and the second outputs of the mode switch, respectively, the third and fourth outputs of which are connected respectively through amplifiers with indicators of the maximum deviation and the first and second inputs of the OR circuit, the output of which through a single-shot is connected to another input of the pulse counter, the second output of which is connected to the transmitter in series errors, an error receiver, a pairing unit and a personal electronic computer for controlling driving instruction from a command post.