RU2432492C2 - Energy converter - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: power industry.

SUBSTANCE: energy converter includes support 1, first and second shafts 5 and 6, first and second free-wheel units 9 and 10, sprockets, bushings with four ratchet projections, dog teeth, rocking arms, brackets and blades 18 and 19 at third and forth shafts correspondingly. At shafts 5 and 6 there are rigidly fixed corresponding gears that couple each other and hubs of corresponding free-wheel units, the collars of which are rigidly connected with rocking arms. Rocking arm ends are hinged to ends of first and second parallel brackets 16 and 17 through the middles of which hinged third and forth shafts pass, the second ends of which are hinged to the middles of third and forth brackets, the ends of which are also hinged to the ends of third and forth rocking arms hinged to shafts 5 and 6 that have correspondingly installed sprockets with the possibility of 90° rotation and connected to them bushings with ratchet projections interacting through spring dog teeth with corresponding rocking arms. Sprockets 7 and 8 through first and second springs interact with hubs of corresponding free-wheel units and through chain with sprockets 11 and 12 and blades 18 and 19 connected to them.

EFFECT: energy converter structure simplification and increasing of efficiency.

Description

The invention relates to renewable energy sources, namely, wind energy and hydropower devices.

Known wind turbine with a vertical shaft and flat blades, the orientation of which varies depending on the direction of the wind [Aliev A.S., Chelyabov I.M., Chumakov S.A. Device for converting fluid energy. Patent RU No. 4897566, F03D 3/00, 1990].

To change the orientation of the blades, a disk with a profile surface kinematically connected with a weather vane is used. The blades have horizontal axes of rotation, in the root part of which there are rollers that interact with the profile surface of the disk and change the orientation of the blades. The blades, which create a positive moment of rotation on the vertical output shaft, are oriented perpendicular to the wind. The remaining blades take a horizontal position and do not interfere with the rotation of the wind wheel.

The known wind turbine has a complex structure, and it does not provide for synchronization of the rotation speed of the output shaft when the wind speed changes.

Also known is a wind turbine [Aliev A.S. Aliyev’s wind turbine, patent RU No. 2224135, F03D 3/00 dated 05.06.2002], which can be indicated as a prototype of an energy converter. The prototype contains flat blades interacting with a conical weather vane mounted in the center of the wind turbine. The blades creating a positive moment of rotation on the output shaft are automatically oriented perpendicular to the direction of the wind and maintain this orientation throughout the active section of the path of rotation of the blades. In the passive section of the trajectory of rotation of the blade are oriented along the direction of the wind.

However, the prototype has a complex structure and low efficiency, due to the fact that the active section of the trajectory of rotation of the blade is only 90 °.

The technical task of this invention is to simplify the design of the energy Converter (wind turbine) and increase efficiency.

This technical problem is solved by developing a fundamentally new design of an oscillating energy converter, which contains a vertical strut, a multiplier and an energy generator, as well as kinematically connected second shaft, first and second overrunning clutches, stars, bushings with four ratchet protrusions, dogs, rockers, brackets, aerodynamic the blades, the third and fourth stars. These stars are fixedly installed together with the first and second aerodynamic blades on the third and fourth shafts, respectively. at the same time on the first and second shafts the corresponding gears are fixedly mounted, which are engaged with each other, and the hubs of the corresponding overrunning clutches, the clips of which are fixedly connected to the radial parallel rocker arms. The ends of the rocker arm are pivotally connected to the ends of the first and second parallel brackets, through the midpoints of which the third and fourth shafts are articulated. The second ends of the rocker arm are pivotally connected to the midpoints of the third and fourth brackets, the ends of which are also pivotally connected to the ends of the third and fourth rockers, pivotally mounted on the first and second shafts, on which the corresponding stars and associated sleeves with ratchets are mounted with a 90 ° rotation protrusions interacting through spring-loaded dogs with corresponding rockers. In this case, the first and second stars through the first and second springs interact with the hubs of the corresponding overrunning clutches and through a chain with the third and fourth stars and associated aerodynamic blades.

The second version of the energy converter additionally contains a glass, a rotary platform, a weather vane lever, a conical weather vane, a fifth spring and a cable. In this case, the horizontal lever of the weather vane is fixedly connected to the glass pivotally mounted on the upper end of the vertical strut, and the movable platform is mounted on the glass with the possibility of rotation by 90 ° and interacts through a cable with a conical weather vane mounted on the horizontal lever of the weather vane with the possibility of longitudinal movement.

Figure 1 presents a front view of the design of the oscillating energy Converter (without the front wall of the housing 21), where:

1 - rack;

2 - rotary platform;

3 - back wall;

4 - the upper plate of the housing;

5 - the first (output) shaft;

6 - the second shaft;

7-8 - the first and second stars;

9-10 - the first and second overrunning clutches;

11-12 - the third and fourth stars;

13 - chain;

14-15 - the first and second rocker arms;

16-17 - the first and second brackets;

18-19 - the first and second blades;

20 - weather vane.

Figure 2 presents a top view (arrow A) of the design of the oscillating energy converter, where position 2 is the same as in figure 1;

21 - front wall;

22 - the second gear;

23 - the fourth rocker;

24 - the lever of the weather vane;

25-26 - the third and fourth shafts.

Figure 3 presents the construction in the context of the node changes the orientation and fixation of the position of the blades, where position 1-22 are the same as in figure 1 and 2;

27 - the first gear;

28-29 - the first and second springs;

30-31 - the first and second bushings with ratchet protrusions;

32-33 - the first and second dogs;

34-35 - the third and fourth springs of dogs;

36-37 - L-shaped levers of dogs 32 and 33;

Figure 4 presents the end profile of the first sleeve 30 with ratchet protrusions 38, where positions 5-34 are the same as in figure 3.

Figure 5 presents the design of the adjustment node and the attack node, where:

39 - a glass;

40 - the second rotary platform;

41 - fifth spring;

42 - wind vane lever;

43 - conical weather vane;

44 - cable.

The principle of operation of an oscillating energy converter is as follows.

The converter is mounted on a vertical rack 1, the height of which ensures the safety of its operation. To prevent the deviation of the stand from the vertical, cable fasteners or rigid supports can be used.

A rotary platform 2 is pivotally mounted on the upper end of the rack. The rotary platform is fixedly connected to the horizontal lever 24 of the weather vane 20. The housing of the energy converter is fixedly mounted on the rotary platform. The housing consists of a rear 3, a front 21 walls, an upper plate 4 and the upper platform of the turntable 2.

Between the front and rear walls of the housing, the first (output) shaft 5 and the second 6 shafts are parallel and pivotally mounted. The first 7 and second 8 stars are pivotally mounted on the shafts 5 and 6, respectively.

These stars are included in the node changes the orientation and fixation of the position of the blades, the design of which is presented in figure 3. The hubs of the first 9 and second 10 overrunning clutches are fixedly mounted on the first and second shafts, respectively.

The clips of these couplings are motionlessly connected with the corresponding rocker arms 14 and 15. The beam consist of two symmetric radial halves, motionlessly connected with the clips of the corresponding overrunning couplings 9 and 10 from diametrically opposite sides. The left and right peripheral tips of the rocker arms 14 and 15 are pivotally connected to each other using the first 16 and second 17 brackets. When turning the overrunning clutches 9 and 10 to one side or the other, the rocker arms 14 and 15 oscillate in a vertical plane within an angle of 45 ° from the horizontal. The brackets 16 and 17, forming a parallelogram together with the rocker arms 14 and 15, also oscillate in the vertical plane. In this case, the brackets retain a vertical position during oscillation.

The middle of the brackets 16 and 17 are pivotally connected to the third 25 and fourth 26 shafts, respectively. The second ends of these shafts are also pivotally connected to the third and fourth 23 rocker arms, respectively. The third rocker in figure 2 is not indicated. It passes below the fourth rocker 23 at the same level with the first rocker 14 in one vertical line with the fourth rocker 23.

The third beam is pivotally mounted on the first shaft 5, and the fourth 23 on the second shaft 6, respectively. The peripheral tips of the third and fourth rocker arms are pivotally connected to the tips of the third and fourth brackets (not shown in FIG. 2) similarly to the first 16 and second 17 brackets. All four brackets are parallel to each other and perform pairwise synchronous vibrations in the vertical plane.

A third shaft 25 is pivotally mounted between the first 16 and the third brackets. The fourth shaft 26 is also pivotally mounted between the parallel second 17 and the fourth brackets.

On the third shaft 25, the third star and the first blade 18 connected immovably are pivotally mounted.

The fourth star 12 and the second blade 19 are also pivotally mounted on the fourth shaft 26.

The first 7, second 8, third 11 and fourth 12 stars are kinematically connected to each other by a chain 13.

The node changes the orientation and fixation of the position of the blades (figure 3) provides rotation of the blades around the horizontal shafts 25 and 26 by 180 ° and fixing their horizontal position. In this case, the rotation of the blades occurs in mutually opposite directions.

The principle of operation of an oscillating energy converter is based on the application of the lifting force of the blade like an airplane wing. One of the surfaces of the wing (blades) has a flat shape, the other is concave to the outside. When air flows around the concave surface of a blade having the shape of an airplane wing, the wind speed increases. This leads to a decrease in pressure on the side of the concave surface of the blades. The pressure drop on the concave and flat surfaces of the blades creates a lifting force on the right blade of the transducer and the force directed downward on the left blade (see figure 1).

The applied forces lead to the rotation of all four rockers counterclockwise at an angle of 45 °, after which the first rocker 14 interacts with the L-shaped lever 36 of the first dog 32 of the orientation change and fixation of the position of the blades.

After this interaction, the first star rotates 90 ° clockwise. The diameters of the first and second stars 7 and 8 are equal and twice as large as the diameters of the third and fourth stars 11 and 12. With this ratio of diameters, the chain link between the stars rotates the blades 18 and 19 through 180 ° around the horizontal shafts 5 and 6. When the rocker arm oscillates in one direction or another within 90 °, the first and second blades maintain their horizontal position.

When changing the orientation of the blades to the opposite, the applied forces also change their direction. Now, a lifting force is applied to the left blade 18, oriented with a convex surface upward, and the force directed downward to the right blade 19. As a result, the rocker arms rotate clockwise 90 °. At the end of this rotation, the second rocker 15 interacts with the second L-shaped lever 37 of the second dog 33. As a result, the second star 8 rotates 90 ° counterclockwise.

This leads to a change in the orientation of the blades to the opposite. Then begins the oscillation of the rocker arms in the opposite direction. Changing the direction of the wind leads to the rotation of the platform and the transducer installed on it so that the shafts 25, 26 around which the blades rotate are oriented along the direction of the wind. For this purpose, a flat weather vane 20 is used, the horizontal arm of which is motionlessly connected to the turntable. To synchronize the speed of rotation of the output shaft 5 of the transducer when the wind speed changes, a synchronization unit is used, the design of which is shown in Fig. 5. In this case, the weather vane has the shape of a truncated cone or a truncated pyramid. The conical weather vane is mounted on a horizontal lever with the possibility of free longitudinal movement. The greater the wind speed, the greater the strength of the longitudinal movement. It is proportional to the wind pressure and the difference in the areas of the front and rear sections of a truncated cone or pyramid.

The site changes orientation and fixing the position of the blades, the design of which is presented in figure 3, operates as follows.

The first 30 and second 31 bushings have four ratchet protrusions 38 located in a circle through 90 ° (see figure 4). Spring-loaded dogs 32, 33 engage with ratchet protrusions and fix the angular position of the bushings 30, 31 and the first 7 and second 8 stars associated with them. When the first rocker 14 is rotated clockwise, the first overrunning clutch 9 engages and twists the first spring 28 clockwise. At this time, the second overrunning clutch 10 is out of engagement and the second spring 29 is in a free state. After turning the first rocker arm by + 90 °, it interacts with the lever 36 of the first dog 32. The dog leaves the clutch with the first sleeve 30 with ratchet protrusions, the twisted first spring rotates the first sleeve 30 and the first sprocket 7 connected to it 90 ° clockwise. This leads to a rotation of the third and fourth stars through 180 ° in mutually opposite directions. Since the last stars are motionlessly connected with the first and second blades, the latter also change their orientation to the opposite. This leads to oscillation of the rocker arms in the opposite direction, i.e. counterclock-wise.

Now the second overrunning clutch 10 enters the clutch, and the first 9 leaves the clutch. The second spring 29 begins to twist counterclockwise at an angle of 90 °. At the end of the spin, the second rocker interacts with the lever 37 of the second dog 33. The spring-loaded second dog leaves the clutch. The second sleeve 31 and the associated second star 8 are rotated 90 ° counterclockwise. Through a chain connection, this leads to a rotation of the third and fourth stars and the associated blades through 180 ° in mutually opposite directions around the third and fourth shafts. The direction of the applied forces to the ends of the rocker arm changes, which leads to a change in the direction of their oscillations.

Thus, under the influence of wind, oscillations of the rocker arms in the vertical plane occur within 90 °.

The first 27 and second gears, respectively, are fixedly mounted on the first and second shafts. They are in constant engagement with each other and spin in mutually opposite directions.

Figure 2 presents a top view (view A in figure 1) on the structure of an oscillating energy converter. The front wall 21 is mounted parallel to the rear wall 3. The second gear 22 is mounted on the second (upper) shaft 6. The fourth (rear, upper) beam 23 is pivotally mounted on the second shaft 6 parallel to the second beam 15.

The third 25 and fourth 26 shafts are pivotally connected at their ends to the first 16 and second 17 brackets. The brackets, in turn, are pivotally connected to the ends of the first 14 and second 15 rocker arms and form a parallelogram. The weather vane lever 24 connects the flat weather vane with the rotary platform 2. Changing the direction of the wind leads to a change in the orientation of the wind vane and the associated rotary platform 2, on which the entire structure of the energy converter is mounted (see figure 1)

Figure 3 presents the design of the node changes the orientation and fixation of the position of the blades. The first (output) 5 and second 6 shafts are mounted vertically parallel to each other.

The first 27 and second 22 gears, respectively, are fixedly mounted on the shafts 5 and 6. The gears are constantly in engagement with each other. The diameter of the pitch circle of the gears is equal to the length of the brackets 16, 17 and the distance between the shafts 5 and 6. With these ratios of sizes of the indicated positions, when the four rockers (14, 15, 23) oscillate, the brackets 16 and 17 retain their vertical position. The first 30 and second 31 bushings with ratchet protrusions 38 are mounted on the respective shafts 5 and 6 with the possibility of free rotation. The bushings 30 and 31 are fixedly connected with the corresponding stars 7 and 8. The ratchet protrusions 38 of the bushings 30 and 31 interact with the corresponding dogs 32 and 33 and fix the angular position of the corresponding stars 7 and 8. When the stars 7 and 8 rotate 90 °, the third and fourth 12 rotate 180 °. This provides a change in the orientation of the blades 18 and 19 also by 180 °, i.e. to the mutually opposite. When the rocker arm oscillates within 60 °, the diameter and number of teeth of the third and fourth 12 stars should be three times the diameter and number of teeth of the first and second stars 7 and 8. When the oscillation is within 45 °, this ratio should be four.

The first 28 and second 29 springs are installed on the hubs of the corresponding overrunning clutches, and their ends are connected with the hubs of the corresponding overrunning clutches and stars. They rotate 90 ° alternately, gain energy during rocker oscillations in one direction or another and provide alternate rotation of the first 7 and second 8 stars in mutually opposite directions.

The third 34 and fourth 35 springs are mounted on the front wall 21 and provide contact between the dogs 32 and 33 with the ratchet protrusions of the respective bushings 30 and 31. The first 36 and second 37 L-shaped levers of the dogs 32 and 33 alternately interact with the first 14 and second 15 rocker arms. As a result of this interaction, the orientation of the blades 18 and 19 is reversed.

At rated wind speed, the conical weather vane 43 is in the extreme right position and presses against the thrust ring. Cable 44 is in a free state. In this case, the second rotary platform 40, mounted with the possibility of rotation within 90 ° relative to the cup 39, is pressed to the lever of the weather vane 42 using the fifth spin spring 41. As the wind speed increases, the conical weather vane 43 moves along the horizontal lever and pulls the cable 44 behind it. rotates the platform relative to the glass. The greater the wind speed, the greater the angle of rotation. By setting the stiffness of the spring 41 and the parameters of the conical weather vane, it is possible to adjust the limits of the change in wind speed at which the converter operates. When the platform rotates 90 °, the energy converter self-brakes, because the lifting force of the blades (wing) becomes equal to zero.

An oscillating energy converter can be used in wind energy and hydropower installations. Mechanical energy from the output shaft 5 through the multiplier can be transferred to the generator. A hydraulic pump can be connected to the output of the multiplier. Excess pressure can be relieved. The stabilized pressure is supplied to the hydrogenerator, which drives the electric generator. Thus, a stabilized voltage with a constant frequency of 50 Hz can be obtained. The use of a hydrogenerator allows you to summarize the power of the N-th number of converters. In this case, there is no need to use a conical weather vane and to mechanically stabilize the rotation speed of the output shaft of the energy converter.

The energy converter can be used as a stand-alone alternative source of electrical or mechanical energy.

Claims (2)

1. An energy converter comprising a rack, a housing, a shaft, a multiplier and an energy generator, characterized in that it further comprises kinematically connected second shaft, first and second overrunning clutches, stars, bushings with four ratchet protrusions, dogs, rockers, brackets and aerodynamic blades, as well as the third and fourth stars, motionlessly installed together with the first and second aerodynamic blades on the third and fourth shafts, respectively, while the corresponding pinion gears engaged with each other and hubs of corresponding freewheels, the clips of which are fixedly connected to radial parallel rockers, the ends of which are pivotally connected to the ends of the first and second parallel brackets, through the middle of which the third and fourth shafts are mounted, the second ends which are pivotally connected to the midpoints of the third and fourth arms, the ends of which are also pivotally connected to the ends of the third and fourth rocker arms pivotally mounted on the first and second rum shafts on which corresponding stars and associated bushings with ratchet protrusions are mounted with a 90 ° rotation, interacting via spring-loaded dogs with corresponding rocker arms, while the first and second stars interact with the hubs of the corresponding overrunning clutches through the first and second springs and through chain with the third and fourth stars and associated aerodynamic blades. 2. The energy converter according to claim 1, characterized in that it additionally contains a glass, a rotary platform, a weather vane lever, a conical weather vane, a fifth spring and a cable, while the horizontal weather vane lever is fixedly connected to the glass pivotally mounted on the upper end of the vertical strut and the movable platform is mounted on a glass with the possibility of rotation by 90 ° and interacts through a cable with a conical weather vane mounted on the horizontal lever of the weather vane with the possibility of longitudinal movement.

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