RU2409763C2 - Energy convertor (versions) - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: power industry.

SUBSTANCE: as per one version, energy converter includes kinematically connected post, platform, vane, flat blades and shaft which interacts with multiplier and electric generator, as well as the first and the second interacting points of orientation change and fixture of position of blades, rod with rings installed on both sides with possibility of rotation and hinged to root tips of the first and the second piston-rod connected by means of peripheral tips to the first and the second radial levers connected to the first and the second free-wheel clutches installed on the shaft. Rod is installed on platform with possibility of oscillation through 90° and free rotation around its own axis; on its ends there rigidly installed are mutually perpendicular flat blades. Engagement of clutches with radial levers and interaction of the first and the second points of orientation change and fixture of position of blades with the appropriate stops is performed in turn. As per the other version, energy converter includes shaft, multiplier, hydraulic pump, hydraulic motor and electric generator, as well as horizontal platform and mutually interacting pontoon, power lever, the first and the second piston-rods the root tips of which are connected to power lever, and radial levers the tips of which are hinged to upper tips of the appropriate piston-rods. At that, radial levers are rigidly connected to shells of the first and the second free-wheel clutches the hubs of which are rigidly installed on the shaft; at that, power lever is installed with possibility of free oscillation in vertical plane and interacts with free-wheel clutches in turn.

EFFECT: inventions allow converting energy of wind, river and waves to electric or mechanical energy at simple and reliable design.

3 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of renewable energy sources, namely, the use of potential wind energy, a flowing river, waves and its transformation into other types, mainly into electrical and mechanical energy.

The development of alternative sources of electrical energy is relevant and in demand.

The first version of the energy converter can be used as a wind power installation or for converting river and wave energy into electrical energy.

The known converter of wind and wave energy (Aliev A.S., Aliev B.Z. "Wind and wave energy converter", RF patent No. 2254494 from 09/10/2003 F03D 5/04), which contains rotating platforms connected with levers. On each platform a blade is installed. The energy transducer also contains kinematically coupled motion transducer and a node for changing the orientation and fixing the position of the blade, interacting with a wind vane.

The motion converter through the multiplier is connected to an electric generator.

The disadvantages of the known energy Converter include the complexity of the design and the impossibility of its use on land.

Also known is a wave energy converter (Aliev A.S., Aliev R.A. “Wave energy converter”, RF patent No. 2300663 dated November 22, 2005, F03B 13/12), which can be indicated as the closest analogue of the invention ( prototype).

The prototype contains a kinematically connected rack, float chambers, a frame, a shaft, a multiplier and a generator. In addition, the converter further comprises a second shaft interacting with each other, first and second gears and at least two motion converters.

In addition, each motion transducer contains a vertical rod installed with the possibility of vertical vibrations, at the upper end of which the first block is mounted, and at the lower end - a third star interacting with the first and second floats by cameras.

As a disadvantage of the prototype, you can specify the structural complexity of the motion Converter and the impossibility of its use on land to convert the potential energy of vehicles.

The technical problem is to simplify the design of the energy Converter and to create a converter of wind energy, a flowing river and waves into electrical or mechanical energy.

This technical problem is solved by creating a fundamentally new design of the energy converter, which contains a kinematically connected rack, platform, weather vane, flat blades and a shaft interacting with a multiplier and an electric generator, as well as the first and second nodes for changing the orientation and fixing the position of the blades interacting with each other, a rod with rings mounted on both sides for rotation, pivotally connected to the root tips of the first and second connecting rods, connected peripherals lugs with the first and second radial levers connected respectively with the first and second overrunning clutches mounted on the shaft. The rod is mounted on the platform with the possibility of oscillation by 90 ° and free rotation around its own axis, and at the ends of the rod the first and second flat blades are fixed, the planes of which are mutually perpendicular. Coupling clutches with radial levers and the interaction of the first and second nodes change orientation and fixing the position of the blades with the corresponding stops occurs in turn.

In this case, the first and second nodes of changing the orientation and fixing the position of the blades are installed symmetrically from the axis of oscillation of the rod and each of them contains a locking ring interacting with each other, a twist spring, a third overrunning clutch and a spring-loaded z-shaped clamp, the tip of which interacts with two diametrically opposite holes in the retainer ring fixedly mounted on the rod. The hub of the third overrunning clutch is mounted on the rod with the possibility of free rotation, and the clip is fixedly connected to a star, which interacts with the corresponding chain, mounted on the platform and made in the form of a 90 ° circle segment.

The second version of the energy converter contains a kinematically connected shaft, a multiplier, a hydraulic pump, a hydraulic motor and an electric generator, as well as a horizontal platform and a pontoon interacting with each other, a power lever, first and second connecting rods, the root tips of which are connected to the power lever, and radial levers, the tips of which pivotally connected to the upper tips of the corresponding connecting rods, while the radial levers are motionlessly connected to the clips of the first and second overrunning clutches, the hubs of which are fixedly mounted Lena on the shaft, wherein the power lever is mounted for free oscillation in a vertical plane and interacts with the overrunning clutch in turns.

Figure 1 presents a side view of the construction of the first embodiment of the energy Converter, where:

1 - rack;

2 - platform;

3 - rotary sleeve;

4 - rod;

5 - wind vane lever;

6 - weather vane;

7, 8 - the first and second rings;

9 - fixed rings;

10, 11 - the first and second nodes of changing the orientation and fixing the position of the blades;

12, 13 - the first and second connecting rods;

14, 15 - the first and second radial levers;

16 - the first freewheel;

17 - a shaft;

18, 19 - feather and second stars;

20 - spring-loaded emphasis;

21, 22 - the first and second segments of the chain;

23, 24 - the first and second blades.

Figure 2 presents a view aa of figure 1, where the positions 1-17 are the same as in figure 1:

25 - second overrunning clutch;

26 - multiplier;

27 - hydraulic pump;

28 - hydraulic motor;

29 - an electric generator;

30 - flange;

31 - stand.

In figure 3. the design of the node changes the orientation and fixation of the blade, where:

32 - freewheel;

33 is a star;

34 - a twist spring;

35 - a ring of a clamp;

36 - the Central sleeve;

37 - Z-shaped clamp;

38 - spring retainer;

39 - a tip of a clamp;

40 - bracket.

Figure 4 presents a side view of the construction of the second variant of the energy Converter,

Figure 5 shows a top view of the construction of the second variant of the Converter, where the positions 41-55 in figure 4 and figure 5 are the same:

41 - power lever;

42 - flat hinge;

43, 44 - the first and second connecting rods;

45, 46 - the first and second radial levers;

47 - the first freewheel;

48 - the second shaft;

49 - platform;

50 - racks;

51 - second overrunning clutch;

52 - multiplier;

53 - hydraulic pump;

54 - hydraulic motor;

55 - electric generator;

56 - pontoon.

The first version of the transducer comprises a platform 2 rotating relative to the vertical strut 1. A rod 4 is mounted on the platform in the form of a pipe with the possibility of free rotation around its own axis. The platform is fixedly connected to the lever 5 of the weather vane 6, which is oriented perpendicular to the rod. The second end of the lever 5 is connected with a flat vertical vane 6. A change in the direction of the wind leads to a change in the orientation of the platform. The rod 4 is mounted on a rotary sleeve 3 of rotation with the possibility of oscillations in a vertical plane within an angle of + 45 °. On two sides of the sleeve 3 on the rod 4 are mounted movable rings 7, 8 with the possibility of relative rotation. To prevent the relative longitudinal movement of the rings 7, 8, fixed rings 9 are installed on the rod. The movable rings are pivotally connected to the root tips of the corresponding connecting rods 12, 13. The peripheral tips of the connecting rods 12 and 13 are also pivotally connected to the outer ends of the first 14 and second 15 radial levers, respectively. The root tips of the first and second radial levers 14, 15 are fixedly connected to the clips of the corresponding overrunning clutches 16, 25.

At the ends of the rod 4, the first 23 and second 24 are fixed flat blades oriented mutually perpendicularly. When the first blade is oriented along the direction of the wind, the second is oriented perpendicular to the wind, and vice versa.

Oscillation of the rod under the influence of wind leads to the oscillation of the connecting rods and associated radial levers in a vertical plane.

To change the orientation of the blades, the first 10 and second 11 nodes of changing the orientation and fixing the position of the blades are used (see figures 1, 3)

On the vertical platform 2, the first spring-loaded stop 20 is installed. At the end points of the deflection of the rod 4, the nodes for changing the orientation and fixing the position of the blades 10, 11 interact with the corresponding stops 20, which leads to a rotation of the blades by + 90 °. After which the bar begins to oscillate in the opposite direction.

Figure 2 shows a view aa in figure 1. The first 16 and second 25 overrunning clutches are mounted on the shaft 17 so that when the vibrations of the rod in one direction or another, they enter the clutch in turn.

Lifting the first rod upward causes the first radial lever 14 and the associated first overrunning clutch 16 to rotate clockwise. The sleeve of this clutch engages with the hub, which causes the shaft to turn clockwise.

The second clutch 25 at this point in time is out of engagement. The second connecting rod 13 idles down. When the rod moves backward, a second connecting rod rises. Now the second overrunning clutch 25 enters the clutch. The moment created by the second radial lever 15 on the shaft is also positive, which leads to rotation of the shaft in the same direction - clockwise.

The moment of the vertical pressure force Po on the shaft 48 is equal to Po · cosa, where a is the angle between the connecting rod 43 and the radial lever 45.

When summing the moments in the range from -π / 4 to + π / 4, i.e. within 90 ° we get:

the average value of the moment is:

The average value of the moment for one period is 2 · 0.9 PoR = 1.8 PoR. For the prototype, when summing the moments of rotation in the range from -P / 2 to P / 2, i.e. within 180 °, we obtain for the average value.

Thus, the average value of the moment when the lever oscillates within ± 45 ° per period increases compared to the usual rotation of the blade in a circle 1.8 PoR / 0.6 PoR = 3 times.

The principle of operation of the node changes the orientation and fixation of the position of the blades, the design of which is presented in figure 3, is as follows.

The energy converter contains the first 10 and second 11 nodes of changing the orientation and fixing the position of the blades. Each assembly contains an overrunning clutch 16 (25), the hub of which rotates freely on the rod and is connected to one of the ends of the twist spring 34. A star 33 is fixedly mounted on the holder of the overrunning clutch. When the rod oscillates within ± 45 °, the star interacts with the segment chain 21 ( 22), mounted on platform 2, along a circle segment within 90 °. The other end of the twist spring is fixedly connected to the bar. When the rod oscillates within 90 ° during the interaction of the star 3 with the chain, the spring twists clockwise by 90 °. The tip of the latch 39, which enters one of the diametrically opposite holes in the rod, holds the rod in a fixed position relative to the central sleeve 36. The tip of the spring-loaded second latch slides over the surface of the ring 35 and fixes its angular position after 180 °, i.e. after turning twice 90 °.

The second node changes the orientation and fixation of the position of the blades 11 works similarly to the first 10. The spring is twisted in two nodes in turn, because overrunning clutch in them enter the clutch in turn. Moreover, the twist of the springs in both nodes occurs in one direction - clockwise. The fixing holes in the ring 35 in the second node are offset from the diametrically opposite fixing holes in the ring of the first node by 90 °. The latches of the first and second nodes in turn interact with the spring-loaded stop 20. When the latch interacts with the stop, the latch tip leaves the hole in the ring 35, which leads to the rotation of the rod with the blades fixed on it around its axis and to change the orientation of the blades by ± 90 °. After this, the process of reverse oscillation of the rod by -90 ° begins. The bar varies between 90 °, where the average moment on the shaft is 0.9RPo.

The rotation of the shaft 17 is transmitted to the multiplier 26, which increases the rotation speed to the nominal rotation speed of the hydraulic pump 27. The hydraulic pump is connected to the hydraulic motor 28. By bleeding off excessive pressure, the rotation of the hydraulic motor 28 is achieved. The hydraulic motor drives the electric generator 29. Electric energy can be used directly in everyday life or accumulated. It is possible to synchronize the rotation of the generator through synchronization of the oscillation frequency of the rod. For this, it is necessary that the blade position lock is activated by an electromagnet, which is triggered by pulses with a constant frequency specified by the electronic synchronizer. This occurs after the interaction of nodes changing the orientation of the blades with focus. To mitigate impacts during oscillations of the rod, the stop 20 must be spring-loaded. On one shaft 17 can be installed in parallel N-e number of parallel-running motion transducers of the proposed design. At the same time, their work for synchronization should be shifted in phase by 2 π / N. Additional synchronization can be achieved by installing a flywheel on the output shaft.

A similar converter can be used underwater. In this case, there is no need for a weather vane. The bar must oscillate in the horizontal plane. The structure must be mounted on pontoons to ensure positive buoyancy. In this case, the shaft and kinematically associated with it a multiplier, a hydraulic pump, as well as a hydraulic motor and a generator should be in the above-water position.

The total power of the energy Converter will depend on the power of a single module (figure 1 and figure 2) and the number of parallel modules.

Mechanical energy from the rotating shaft can be transferred from the multiplier directly to the generator or pump. The rotation speed of the generator can be adjusted by changing the effective area of the blades depending on the wind speed or river flow. To do this, it is enough to change the orientation of the blades relative to the plane of oscillation of the rod.

The principle of operation of the second version of the energy Converter, which can be used as a wave power plant, the design of which is presented in figure 4, is as follows.

The second version of the energy converter is designed to convert the potential energy of the waves into electrical energy. The converter can be mounted on vertical racks 50 or directly on the seashore. All mechanisms of the energy converter are mounted on a horizontal platform 49 mounted on racks 50 or on beams connected to land or to oil producing platforms.

The power lever 41 at one end is fixedly connected to the pontoon 56, and the other end is connected by a flat hinge to the strut 50 or directly to the shore protection wall.

The power of the converter determines the length of the power arm, the volume and weight of the pontoon. To equalize the moments created on the shaft 48 when raising and lowering the pontoon on the waves, it is necessary that the pontoon immersed in water under its own weight to half its volume.

The power lever oscillates only in a vertical plane. To do this, use a flat hinge 42. In addition, to limit the lateral vibrations of the lever 41 can be installed vertical struts or rails on both sides.

On the shaft 48, the hubs of the first 47 and second 51 overrunning clutches are fixedly mounted. The clips of these couplings are fixedly connected to the first 45 and second 46 radial levers, respectively. The tips of the radial levers 45 and 46 are pivotally connected to the upper tips of the first 43 and second 44 rods, respectively. The root tips of these connecting rods are pivotally connected to the power lever 41. The ratio of the distance between the articulated joints of the connecting rods and the hinge 42 (g) relative to the entire length of the power lever 41 (R) determines the moment of rotation on the second shaft 48

One way clutches 47 and 51 are mounted on the second shaft 48 so that they enter the clutch in turn. The first and second connecting rods 43 and 44, pivotally connected to the corresponding radial levers 45 and 46, work in active mode in turn. When lifting the pontoon 56, the first radial lever associated with the yoke of the fifth overrunning clutch 51, rotates the second shaft 48 in a clockwise direction. When lowering the pontoon, the force on the shaft is transmitted through the second connecting rod 44, the radial lever 46 and the freewheel 47. In this case, the direction of rotation of the shaft remains the same - clockwise.

Figure 5 presents a view In figure 4 on the construction of the second variant of the energy Converter. The cage of the second overrunning clutch 51 is fixedly connected to the first radial lever 45. The connection of the radial levers 45 and 46 with the cages of the overrunning clutches 51 and 47 is carried out from diametrically opposite sides of the shaft 48. When the overrunning clutches 51 and 47 alternately enter the clutch, the connection of the radial levers with their also provides a constant direction of rotation of the output shaft 48. The rotation of the output shaft through the multiplier 52 is transmitted to the hydraulic pump 53. The multiplier increases the shaft speed to the nominal speed of the hydraulic pump a.

The number of energy converters of FIG. 4, which includes positions 47-51, can transmit rotation N-e to one shaft. In this case, the moments of rotation of the energy converters are added up. The excess pressure of the hydraulic pump 53 is vented, which allows you to synchronize the speed of rotation of the hydraulic motor 54 connected to the hydraulic pump. The hydraulic motor drives the electric generator 55. The generated electrical energy can be used directly in the home or accumulated. A promising direction is the production of hydrogen by electrolysis as an alternative fuel for ICE.

Claims (3)

1. An energy converter containing kinematically connected rack, platform, weather vane, flat blades and a shaft interacting with a multiplier and an electric generator, characterized in that it further comprises first and second nodes for changing the orientation and fixing the position of the blades, a rod with installed of two sides with the possibility of rotation by rings pivotally connected to the root tips of the first and second connecting rods, connected by peripheral tips to the first and second radial p the levers connected, respectively, with the first and second overrunning clutches mounted on the shaft, while the rod is mounted on the platform with the possibility of oscillation by 90 ° and free rotation around its own axis, and at the ends of the rod the first and second flat blades are fixed, the planes of which mutually perpendicular, in addition, the clutch couplings with radial levers and the interaction of the first and second nodes change the orientation and fixation of the position of the blades with the corresponding stops occurs in turn. 2. The energy Converter according to claim 1, characterized in that the first and second nodes of changing the orientation and fixing the position of the blades are installed symmetrically from the axis of oscillation of the rod and each of them contains a locking ring interacting with each other, a twist spring, a third overrunning clutch and a spring-loaded z -shaped retainer, the tip of which interacts with two diametrically opposite holes in the retainer ring, fixedly mounted on the rod, in addition, the hub of the third overrunning clutch is mounted on the rod with possibility of free rotation, and the holder is fixedly connected with the star, which cooperates with a corresponding chain attached to the platform and in the shape of a circle segment 90 °. 3. An energy converter comprising a kinematically connected shaft, a multiplier, a hydraulic pump, a hydraulic motor and an electric generator, characterized in that it further comprises a horizontal platform and pontoons interacting with each other, a power lever, first and second connecting rods, the root tips of which are connected to the power lever, and radial levers, the tips of which are pivotally connected with the upper tips of the corresponding connecting rods, while the radial levers are motionlessly connected with the clips of the first and second overrunning couplings, hubs which are fixedly mounted on the shaft, and the power lever is mounted with the possibility of free oscillation in the vertical plane and interacts with overrunning clutches in turn.

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