RU2280782C2 - Fluid medium energy converter (versions) - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: regenerative energy sources, wind and hydraulic power in particular.

SUBSTANCE: proposed energy converter has fixed strut with output shaft, platforms with flat blades and units for change of orientation and fixation of Blade position. Platforms are immovably secured around output shaft and are provided with central and peripheral sprockets and chain. Peripheral sprockets are mounted on units used for change of orientation and fixation of blade position; these sprockets are kinematically linked with central sprocket mounted on fixed strut for turn and fixation of angular position. Energy converter is additionally provided with two wheels articulated on vertical struts along motion of medium (water) and couplers articulated together and engageable with units changing orientation and fixation of blade position which are engageable in their turn with central sprockets of respective wheels through first and second peripheral sprockets. Energy converter is additionally provided with second shaft fitted with levers, kinematically linked second peripheral sprockets and central sprocket mounted on second medium flow direction indicator; blades are interconnected by means of couplers engageable with lever tips and units changing orientation and fixation of blade position.

EFFECT: considerable increase of power of energy converter and enhanced sensitivity to weak flows of wind and water.

17 cl, 25 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the use of renewable energy sources, namely wind and hydropower, and their conversion into other types, mainly into electrical energy.

A wind power installation is known using the main working element in the form of a sail mounted on a platform, and the platforms are connected, in turn, to the composition, the beginning and end of which are connected together, that is, form a ring. The composition is installed on a circular path corresponding to the size of the platforms. The sail has the highest wind energy utilization. The power developed by the installation is taken from the shaft of the platform wheels [1].

The disadvantage of this wind power installation is the mechanical (manual) initial installation of the orientation of the sail depending on the direction of the wind and manual adjustment of its position when changing the direction of the wind. In addition, the orientation of the sail changes synchronously throughout the passage of the platform along the ring path. During this time, the sail makes a half-turn (180 °) around its axis (rack). Such a change in the orientation of the blades (sails) on the overwhelming segment of the platform passing along the annular path does not provide for effective selection of wind energy.

Also known is a wind turbine, which by its design features can be specified as a prototype of the proposed energy converter [2].

The prototype contains a circular road, a platform, a rack, a blade, a weather vane, a node for changing the orientation and fixing the position of the blade.

The platforms rotate around a vertical central shaft, from which movement is transmitted to an electric generator or a water pump.

The disadvantages of the prototype include the complexity of the design of the node changes the orientation and fixation of the blade, which complicates its use. In addition, the design of the prototype does not allow its use in hydraulic motors.

The technical result consists in a significant increase in power and sensitivity to low flows, simplifying the design of the converter and expanding its scope in hydropower installations.

The indicated result is achieved by using the new design of the energy converter (wind turbine or hydraulic motor) using the main working elements in the form of flat vertical blades (sails) mounted on the platforms, and the platforms rotate around a central vertical shaft. The power developed by the installation is taken from the central shaft of the energy converter.

The presence of a relatively large number of platforms allows you to significantly reduce the cost of the entire structure, because this uses the same type of parts. The large total mass of the platforms protects the structure from sudden gusts of wind and stabilizes the speed of rotation of the platforms.

With low-power converters (1-5 kW), the platforms are interconnected motionlessly and around a vertical output shaft mounted on a rack.

With a wind turbine power of 5-15 kW, the platforms can be made in the form of bogies on ordinary rubber wheels with air filling. Platforms with the help of hitching and flat hinges are connected in a closed circuit and using levers are fastened to the central shaft, from which the power developed by the converter (wind turbine or hydraulic motor) is taken. With this connection of the platforms to the central wheel, the number of wheels can be reduced to two, or even to one. They are installed one after the other in the direction of movement of the platform, similar to bicycle ones. It is most beneficial when the central shaft is connected directly to an electric generator (or to a pump) through a multiplier.

The power of such a wind turbine (or hydraulic motor) will depend on the power developed by a single platform, and the number of platforms interconnected and is practically unlimited within the limits of economic feasibility.

The fluid energy converter contains a fixed rack with an output shaft, platforms with flat blades, in the root part of which there are installed nodes for changing the orientation and fixing the position of the blades. The platforms are fixed motionless around the output shaft and additionally contain a central, peripheral sprockets and a chain. In this case, the peripheral sprockets are mounted on the nodes of changing the orientation and fixing the position of the blades and are kinematically connected through a chain to the central sprocket mounted on a fixed rack with the ability to rotate and fix the angular position.

The medium energy converter contains a medium flow indicator (weather vane), which is mounted on a stationary rack with the possibility of free rotation, and is fixedly connected to the central sprocket.

The fluid energy converter additionally contains kinematically coupled a second vertical shaft, a second tier of vertical flat blades, as well as first and second overrunning clutches and pinion gears kinematically connected through a driven gear to an electric generator (pump). In this case, the hubs of the first and second overrunning clutches are motionlessly connected to the first and second shafts, and their clips are connected to gears, respectively.

The energy converter is suspended on the horizontal beam with the blades down. Each node changes the orientation and fixation of the position of the blade contains an additional sprocket. In this case, all the platform asterisks are connected by a chain to the central star mounted on the fixed axis of rotation of the output shaft and connected motionlessly with a pointer and a rotation angle fixator.

In this case, the unit for changing the orientation and fixing the position of the blade contains a flange with cams, thrust bearings, upper and lower coupling halves, kinematically connected first, second internal sprockets, upper and lower segment sprockets, internal chain, clutch flange, second spring, and also an external sprocket and the immovably lower rocker associated with it. The beam is mounted on the axis with the possibility of free rotation, and at its ends two halves of the blade are mounted symmetrically with the possibility of rotation up to 90 ° in mutually opposite directions. At the same time, the lower coupling halves are fixedly connected with the corresponding inner sprockets and a cam flange mounted with the possibility of longitudinal displacement and interacting with the thrust bearings, in addition, the inner sprockets through the second chain interact with the upper and lower segment sprockets, which are fixedly connected with the coaxial clutch flange. The clutch flange through the second spring interacts with the platform. In addition, the upper coupling halves are fixedly connected to the corresponding halves of the blade.

The output shaft and the axis of rotation of the blades are oriented horizontally, and the plane of rotation of the blades is vertical and parallel to the plane of orientation of the wind vane. In this case, the weather vane is made in the form of a truncated cone, which interacts with the central sprocket and blades.

The platforms rotate on wheels around the output shaft in a circle, and the unit for changing the orientation and fixing the position of the single blade contains coaxially mounted flange of the blade, the orientation flange and the flange with latches, while on the second sleeve fixedly connected with the first sprocket, the orientation flange is fixed, and a flange with two latches - with the possibility of free rotation, in addition, a flange with latches through the spring of the energy storage device interacts with the platform, and through two latches - with two squeeze bearings, updated on the platform, while the first sprocket through the corresponding chain interacts with the central sprocket, motionlessly mounted on the vane hub.

The node for changing the orientation and fixing the position of the blade includes a leading flange with two cams and two pairs of fingers of different lengths, a flange with a fixed orientation with two holes and a driven flange with four holes that interact with the corresponding two pairs of fingers fixedly mounted in the leading flange, which, in turn, through the cams interacts with squeezing bearings mounted on the platform body. The unit for changing the orientation and fixing the position of the blade contains a kinematically connected flange with a fixed orientation, a spring and a flange of the blade, as well as a third and fourth peripheral sprockets, a second central sprocket, a rod with a bearing and a dog, each blade consisting of two halves pivotally mounted between upper and lower rocker arms, in the root of which peripheral sprockets are fixedly mounted, kinematically connected to the second central sprocket, fixedly connected to the lop flange and, while the first sprocket is fixedly connected to the flange with a fixed orientation and the lower beam, in addition, the blade flange through the clamp and the rod interacts through the drum with an inclined groove, and the rod with the finger - with a cone-shaped weather vane pivotally mounted on the axis of rotation of the output shaft transducer.

The fluid energy converter contains platforms with flat vertical blades, in the root part of which there are installed nodes for changing the orientation and fixing the position of the blade. In this case, the converter additionally contains two wheels pivotally mounted on vertical struts along the flow of the medium (water), as well as couplings pivotally connected to each other and interacting with nodes changing the orientation and fixing the position of the blades, which, in turn, interact through the first and second peripheral sprockets with central sprockets of respective wheels.

The converter contains a vertical shaft with radial levers, vertical flat blades, in the root part of which there are installed nodes for changing the orientation and fixing the position of the blades, as well as peripheral sprockets kinematically connected to the central sprocket mounted on the flow direction indicator of the fluid (river). The converter further comprises a second shaft with radial levers, kinematically connected second peripheral sprockets and a central sprocket mounted on the newly introduced second direction indicator of the flow of the medium, in addition, the blades are connected to each other by couplers interacting with the tips of the levers and the nodes of orientation and fixation position of the blades.

The unit for changing the orientation and fixing the position of the blade contains a cam flange with two parallel plates, fixedly connected with the corresponding peripheral sprocket, kinematically connected upper, lower flanges and a spring, as well as spring-loaded levers with clamps, pivotally mounted on the coupling and interacting with the cam flange and through the clamps with bottom flange.

The unit for changing the orientation and fixing the position of the blade contains an upper flange with a segmented stop, two squeezing bearings and a ratchet, a spring-loaded flange of the blade with cams, four holes and grooves mounted on the blade hub with the possibility of longitudinal displacement, as well as a fixing finger fixedly mounted in the coupling and interacting with the holes of the blade flange, the cams of which interact with the squeeze bearings, while the ratchet tip interact with the grooves of the blade flange, and the tips to the lever - with a segment focus of the upper flange.

Pontoons are installed on the bushings of the converter blades.

The axis of rotation of the shafts of the wheels and blades are oriented horizontally and additionally contain a second pair of wheels and a second closed chain of couplings oriented parallel to the first and interacting with the blades, while the axis of rotation of the wheels are pivotally mounted on four newly introduced risers, in addition, one (or two) the output shaft is kinematically connected with an electric generator (pump), motionlessly mounted on one (or two) of the risers.

At both ends of the axes of rotation of the blades, rollers are pivotally mounted, interacting with four cables, stretched in pairs parallel from two sides of the wheels.

Each blade is oriented perpendicularly and fixedly connected to the corresponding hitch.

Figure 1 shows the design of the first variant of the energy Converter installed in the water stream (river), where

1 - concrete base;

2 - stand motionless;

3 - extendable stand;

4 - a persistent ring;

5 - thrust bearing;

6 - backups;

7 - the central shaft;

8, 9 - driving and driven gears;

10 - electric generator (pump);

11 - fixed stand;

12 - sealed housing;

13 - levers;

14 - the rack of the blade;

15, 16 - the first and second halves of the blade;

17 - axis of rotation of the two halves of the blade;

18 - upper rocker;

19 - the central asterisk;

20 - peripheral sprockets (platform sprockets);

21 - chain one;

22 - node changes the orientation and fixing the position of the blade.

Figure 2 shows the construction of the first variant of the node changes the orientation and fixing the position of the blade, where the position 12-21 are the same as in figure 1;

23 - platform cover;

24 - videos;

25 - second thrust bearing;

26 - blades bushings;

27 - lower rocker;

28 - an arm;

29 - internal sprockets;

30, 31 - upper and lower segment stars;

32 - the second (inner) chain;

33, 34 - the first and second springs;

35, 36 - upper and lower couplings;

37 - clutch flange;

38 - cam flange;

39 - cams;

40 - bearings.

Figure 3 shows the kinematic connection between the inner sprockets 29 and the segment sprockets 30 and 31, created using the second (inner) chain 32.

Figure 4 shows the design of the combined (hybrid) wind, hydraulic energy converter, where

41, 42 - the first and second tiers of the energy converter, each of which is identical to the energy converter shown in figures 1, 2 and 3, contains the same features, in addition to figure 4 are additionally shown:

43 - thrust rings;

44, 45 - the first and second output shafts;

46, 47 - the first and second overrunning clutches;

48, 49 - the first and second leading bevel gears;

50 - driven bevel gear;

51 - electric generator (pump);

52 - conical weather vane.

Figure 5 shows the construction of the second underwater version of the energy Converter, where the underwater part is similar to the structure shown in figures 1 and 2, and the surface part contains:

53 - single blades;

54 - horizontal beam with props;

55 - bracket;

56 - angle indicator with a latch;

57 - the central asterisk;

58 - output shaft;

59 - a conical pair of gears;

60 - electric generator (pump);

61 - pendants;

62 - thrust bearing.

Figure 6 shows the third design of the energy Converter, where the platform rotates in a vertical plane. The axis of rotation of the blades are oriented horizontally.

Figure 6 presents:

63 - thrust ring;

64 - thrust bearing;

65 - output shaft;

66, 67 - driving and driven gears;

68 - electric generator (pump);

69 - stand;

70 - cylinder;

71 - rotating sleeve;

72 - conical weather vane;

73, 74 - the first and second levers;

75 - spring weather vane;

76 - block;

77 - cable;

78 - finger;

79 - a core;

80 is the counterweight.

In Fig.7 shows a view In Fig.6 on the generator node.

On Fig depicts a view of Fig.6 on the interaction node of the conical weather vane 72 on the central sprocket 57, where the positions 72-79 are the same.

The design of the unit for changing the orientation and fixing the position of a single blade in the energy converters in FIGS. 5 and 6 is made according to the simplified scheme shown in FIG. 9.

Figure 9 shows the design of the wind version of the energy Converter with a third embodiment of the node changes the orientation of the blades, where

81 - platform;

82 - wheels;

83 - axis of rotation of the blade;

84 - connecting lever;

85 - single blade;

86 - the sleeve of the blade;

87 - blade flange;

88 - the first asterisk;

89 - the first chain;

90 - the second sleeve (first sprocket);

91 - orientation flange;

92 - flange with latches;

93 - latches;

94 - spring latches;

95 - latch lever;

96 - grooves of the orientation flange;

97 - grooves of the flange of the blade;

98 - brackets;

99 - bearings;

100 - spring energy storage.

Figure 10 shows a view aa of figure 9, where the positions 93-99 are the same as in figure 9.

In Fig.11 shows the construction of the fourth variant of the node changes the orientation and fixing the position of a single blade, where the position 83-100 are the same as in Fig.9 and Fig.10;

101 - leading flange;

102 - driven flange;

103 - flange with a fixed orientation;

104, 105 - the first and second fingers;

106 - cams;

107 - squeezing bearings;

108 - the first and second locking holes.

On Fig shows the design of a rotating platform with a fifth embodiment of the design changes the orientation and fixation of the position of the blades of two halves, where the positions 81-110 are the same as in Fig.9;

109, 110 - lower and upper rocker arms;

111 - a cylindrical cap;

112 - the second central sprocket;

113 - the third chain;

114 - flange with a fixed orientation;

115 - blade flange;

116, 117 - the third and fourth stars;

118 - a dog;

119 - bearing;

120 - fork;

121 - barbell;

122, 123 - the first and second halves of the blade.

In Fig.13 shows a view aa of Fig.12, where the positions 86-121 are the same as in Fig.12;

124 - grooves;

125 - spring dog;

126 - dog lever;

127 - ears.

On Fig shows a kinematic connection between the second Central sprocket 112 and the third 116 and fourth 117 sprockets, which is carried out using the third chain 113.

On Fig presents the design of the Central node of the energy conversion, where

128 - stand of the weather vane;

129 - output shaft;

130, 131 - leading and driven gears;

132 - electric generator (pump);

133 - conical weather vane;

134 - cylindrical sleeve;

135 - rods;

136 - emphasis;

137 - horizontal lever of the weather vane;

138 - groove;

139 - finger;

140 - cable;

141 - block;

142 - central sprocket;

143 - stock;

144 - spring weather vane;

145 - cylinder with an inclined groove.

In Fig.16 shows a General top view of the energy Converter, where the positions 85-133 are the same as in figures 10, 14;

146 - rotating platforms;

147 - blades are flat;

148 - levers;

149 - coupling;

150 - barbell;

151 - bearing;

152 - central sprocket;

153 - peripheral sprockets.

On Fig shows a top view of the structure of the energy Converter, placed in a stream of water, where

154, 155 - wheels;

156 - levers;

157 - stars;

158 - blades;

159 - couplers;

160 - central sprocket;

161 is a chain;

162 - fixed racks.

On Fig shows the design of the second variant of the node changes the orientation and fixing the position of the blade, where

163 - bracket;

164 - axis of rotation of the sprocket;

165 - plane-parallel plates;

166 - cam flange;

167 - rectangular end face;

168 - bottom flange;

169 - accumulating spring;

170 - top flange;

171 - lever;

172 - retainer;

173 - hinge;

174 - spring;

175 - sleeve;

176 - pontoon (sealed chamber);

177 - the sleeve of the blade.

In Fig.19 shows a view A (top) of Fig.18, where the positions 191-206 are the same as in Fig.18.

On Fig depicts the construction of the second variant of the node changes the orientation and fixing the position of the blades of the hydraulic energy converter according to Fig, where the position 156-167, 177 are the same as in Fig.17, 19;

178 - persistent sleeve;

179 - spring;

180 - blade flange;

181 - guide pin;

182 - upper flange;

183 - cams;

184 - squeezing bearings;

185 - ratchet;

186 - segment emphasis;

187 - locking finger;

188 - fixing holes;

189 - tip of the lever 156;

190 - emphasis of the lever.

On Fig shows a view of the node changes the orientation and fixing the position of the blades of Fig.20 from above, where the positions are the same as in Fig.17-20.

On Fig depicts a view of the tip of the lever 156 with emphasis 190.

On Fig shows the position of the ratchet 185 relative to the flange 180, where

191 - ratchet tip;

192 - radial grooves.

On Fig depicts the hydraulic variant of the energy Converter with horizontal axes of rotation of the blades, where

193, 194 - the first and second pairs of wheels;

195 - risers;

196 - axis of rotation of the wheels;

197 - axis of rotation of the blades;

198 - flat blades;

199 - coupling;

200 - levers;

201 - nodes measuring the orientation and fixing the position of the blades;

202 - electric generator (pump);

203 - stand;

204 - cables

205 - rollers.

On Fig depicts a top view of the energy Converter depicted in Fig.24.

The fluid energy converter of FIG. 1 can operate both a hydraulic motor and a wind turbine. Depending on this, the location of the generator (pump) changes (see Fig. 14 and 16).

The energy Converter operates as follows.

Figure 1 shows the design of an energy converter (hydraulic option) installed in a river or sea.

Thrust post 2, mounted in a concrete block 1, is installed at the bottom of the river or sea. Retractable rack 3 allows you to adjust the installation height of the blades 15 of the Converter. Above the thrust bearing 5 mounted props 6 for each housing of the platform 12 separately. The nodes of the orientation change and fixing the position of the blades 22 are placed inside the sealed enclosures 12 streamlined.

The Central shaft 7 is mounted on a vertical rack and connected by horizontal levers 23 with sealed enclosures. The tightness of the cases facilitates their weight and protects the structural elements located inside it from corrosion.

To transmit the energy of the rotational motion of the output shaft 7 to the generator 10 (or pump), the drive gear 8 and the driven gear 9 are used. The generator is mounted on a stand 11, welded to the end of the retractable rack 3.

Since the direction of the river flow is constant, and the flow velocity rarely changes, it is within small limits to install a central sprocket 19 on the rack 3 with fixing its angular position with a bolt. The angular position of the central sprocket using the first chain 21 is transmitted to the sprocket of the platforms 20, kinematically connected with the nodes of the change in position of the blades 22 (see figure 2).

This unit provides automatic installation of the first 15 and second 16 halves of the blade perpendicular to the river flow in the active section of the platform rotation and along the river in the passive section.

Each of the halves of the blade 15, 16 rotates around its axis 17, the upper ends of which are pivotally connected to the upper beam 18.

The beam 18, in turn, is mounted on a vertical strut of the blade 14 with the possibility of free rotation.

On each platform 12 in the root part of the blade mounted nodes change the orientation and fixation of the position of the blade 22.

If the flow rate of the river increases above the established one, it is sufficient to change the angular position of the central sprocket 19. This leads to a change in the angular position of the platform asterisks 20 and a shift in the points a and b of the change in the orientation of the blades at the boundaries of the active and passive sections of their rotation around their central output shaft 7 (129 on Fig. 15).

Changing the switching phase of the active and passive sections of the trajectory of rotation of the platforms leads to a decrease in the speed of their rotation around the central shaft, i.e. to maintain the same speed of its rotation, but at a higher speed of the river.

The site of changing the orientation and fixing the position of the blade 22 is placed inside the sealed housing 12 and has a design (first option), shown in figure 2. The sprockets of the platforms 20 are fixedly mounted on the vertical racks of the blades 1. The racks of the blades pass through the centers of the covers of the platforms 23, rotating on rollers 24 along the body of the platform 12. Sealing gaskets to ensure the tightness of the case are not shown in Fig.2.

The peripheral sprockets 20 of the platforms installed in each node change the orientation and fixation of the position of the blades, through a chain 21 are kinematically connected with the central star 19 (see figure 1).

The strut 14 is pivotally mounted in the center of the housing 12 on the second thrust bearing 25. The lower beam 27, the upper 30 and the lower 31 segment sprockets, the clutch flange 37 are fixedly mounted on the strut, and the cam flange 38 is mounted with the possibility of longitudinal displacement along the strut.

At the ends of the lower rocker arm 27, the first and second halves of the blades 15 and 16 are mounted symmetrically to the strut 14 with the possibility of free rotation around their axes 17. The upper ends of the rotation of the two halves of the blade are pivotally connected to the upper beam 18, rotating around the vertical strut 14.

In the root part of the bushings of the blade 26, the inner sprockets 29 are fixedly mounted, connected by the second (inner) chain 32 with the upper 30 and lower 31 segment sprockets according to the kinematic diagram shown in Fig. 3. The axis of rotation 17 of the two halves of the blades can be fixed to the lower 27 and upper 18 rocker arms motionless (see figure 2).

In this case, the two halves of the blade are fixedly mounted on the corresponding sleeve 26, freely rotating on the axes 17.

The outer sprocket 20 and the fixed lower rocker 27 connected to it are mounted on the rack of the blade 14 with the possibility of free rotation. At the ends of the rocker arm 18, 17 two halves of the blade are vertically mounted with the possibility of rotation up to 90 ° in mutually opposite directions.

In Fig.2, the inner sprockets 29 are fixedly mounted using the bracket 28 coaxially with the bushings 26 in their root part, in addition, the corresponding upper coupling coupling halves 35 are fixedly fixed to the sleeve 26 of each half of the blade. In this case, the lower coupling halves 36 fixedly connected to the cam flange 38 freely move up and down the bushings 26. The first spring 33 mounted on the rack 14 between the lower beam 27 and the cam flange 38, provides the upper 35 and lower 36 coupling halves to each other, fixing the orientation of the two floors in blades on the active and passive sections of the trajectory of rotation of the platform around the Central shaft 7.

The lower coupling halves 36 are fixedly connected to the corresponding inner sprockets 29 and pivotally to a cam flange 38 mounted on the rack of the blade 14 with the possibility of longitudinal displacement. The cam flange 38 interacts with the thrust bearings 40. In addition, the inner sprockets through the second (inner) chain 32 interact with the upper and lower segment sprockets 30, 31. The segment sprockets 30, 31 are fixedly connected to the coaxially mounted clutch flange 37. The specified flange 37 through the second storage spring 34 interacts with the housing of the platform 12.

In the paths of rotation of the platforms determining the points a and b, the cams 39, fixed at diametrically opposite points along the perimeter of the cam flange 38, interact with the bearings 40. These bearings are mounted on the housing 12 so that twice during the period of rotation of the platform, encountering the cams 39, the coupling halves 35 and 36 out of engagement with each other.

At the same time, the second spring 34, which was brought in through 180 °, rotates the segment sprockets 30 and 31 coaxially and motionlessly connected with it through the clutch flange 37 by half a turn. The chain connection between the segment sprockets 30, 31 and the internal sprockets 29 shown in FIG. 3 provides a change in the orientation of the two halves of the blade 15, 16 by an angle of ± 90 ° every half turn of the platform. For this purpose, the diameter of the pitch circle of the segmented sprocket and inner sprockets 29 is taken in a ratio of 1: 2.

In addition, the teeth of the upper and lower segmental stars occupy less than half of their circumference and are located at different levels on two opposite sides of the circle.

When the teeth of one segment sprocket enter into engagement with the second chain 32, the teeth of the second sprocket should be free, i.e. should not be in grip with the chain and vice versa.

The kinematic chain connection between the segment sprockets 30 and 31 and the inner sprockets 29 (see FIG. 3) provides a periodic change in the direction of orientation of the two halves of the blade with a constant direction of rotation of the clutch flange 37. When the upper segment sprocket enters the clutch, the chain rotates the right half of the blade by angle + 90 °, left -90 °. After half a period of rotation, the lower segment sprocket enters the clutch and the chain reverses its direction of movement. In this case, the right half of the blade rotates around its axis by -90 °, and the left - by + 90 °.

Thus, in the active section, both halves of the blade are installed perpendicular to the direction of the river (wind) flow, and in the passive section along the indicated direction.

The direction of the river flow is set and fixed using the central sprocket 19. The direction of the river flow, given the fixed orientation of the central sprocket 19 relative to the fixed rack 3, is transmitted to all peripheral sprockets of the platforms 20 using the first chain 21.

The central sprocket and platform sprockets have the same diameters and number of teeth. Despite the rotation of the platforms around the central shaft, the sprockets of the platforms 20 and the rocker arms 18, 27 and cam flanges fixedly connected to them retain their spatial orientation. The pressure force of the fluid (water or wind) on the blades using levers 13 is transmitted to the Central shaft. The moment of rotation is proportional to the area of the blade and the length of the lever, as well as the number of blades located in the active section.

Figure 4 presents a "hybrid" version of the energy converter, where the rotational energy of two tiers of the blades is transmitted to one generator.

The first tier converts the energy of flowing water (river or sea waves), and the second tier converts wind energy. The principles of operation of both tiers are identical to each other and their design is similar to the structures described above in figures 1, 2 and 3.

The first tier of the blades operates in water, where the direction of the current does not change. Therefore, the central sprocket 19 is mounted on the rack 3 motionless.

The second tier runs from the wind, the direction and speed of which varies arbitrarily. Therefore, the central sprocket 19 of the second tier is installed on the sleeve of the weather vane 52. Changing the direction and speed of the wind leads to a change in the angular position of the central sprocket, and this, in turn, to the displacement of the active and passive sections (points a and b) on the trajectory of rotation of the platforms ( see description of FIG. 14).

The medium flow indicator (weather vane) 52 is mounted on a stationary rack with the possibility of free rotation and is fixedly connected to the central sprocket.

The rotation of the output shafts 44 and 45 of the first and second tiers of the converter using the corresponding freewheels 46 and 47 and the bevel gears 48 and 49 is transmitted to a single driven bevel gear 50.

For this purpose, the hubs of the first and second overrunning clutches must be fixedly connected to the corresponding shafts, and their clips to the corresponding gears.

One way clutches 46, 47 are made on a type I construction [3]. This coupling design provides automatic isolation of the work of two tiers of blades. If, for example, there is no wind, then the upper overrunning clutch 47 disconnects the upper drive gear 49 from the output shaft 45. The gear 49 will be disconnected from the driven gear 50.

Under load, the generator (pump) 51 and its associated gear spin slowly. At that, overrunning clutches provide simultaneous switching on of both drive gears and parallel operation of two tiers of the converter.

Figure 5 shows the design of the second underwater version of the energy Converter.

This design is characterized in that the single blades and the nodes of orientation and position fixation have a simplified design, shown in Fig.9, 10. This design is also used in the third and fourth versions of the Converter, presented in Fig.6 and 9.

The second version of the design of the Converter is suspended above the river or sea using a horizontal beam with props 54.

An electric generator (or pump) 60 is mounted above the beam. The entire weight of the underwater part of the converter falls on the thrust bearing 62. Depending on the direction and speed of the water flow, the angular position of the central sprocket 57 is set and fixed. For this purpose, the bracket 55 and the angle indicator of rotation of the central sprocket with a retainer (bolt) 56 are used. Turn signal 56 fixedly connected to the central sprocket 57 is mounted on the axis of rotation of the output shaft. Moreover, each node changes the orientation and fixation of the position of the blade contains an additional asterisk. In addition, all platform sprockets are connected in a chain to central sprocket 57.

The rotation angle of the central sprocket determines the position of points a and b on the trajectory of rotation of the platforms, where the orientation of the blades changes. By shifting the position of the active and passive sections of the trajectory of rotation of the fluid (river or wind) of the platforms relative to the direction of flow, you can adjust the speed of rotation of the output shaft of the Converter.

It is experimentally possible to establish an unambiguous correspondence between the velocity of the river and the angular position of the central sprocket 57, at which the speed of rotation of the output shaft does not change. This allows you to scale the scale where the direction indicator with a latch 56 will indicate the speed at which the rated rotation speed of the output shaft 58 and the rated power of the generator 60 will be provided.

A conical pair of gears 59 is used to connect an electric generator (or pump).

To coordinate the speed of rotation of the output shaft with the nominal speed of rotation of the generator, a multiplier is used (not shown in FIG. 5). When using a screw water pump, which works at any speed of rotation of the screw, the need for a multiplier is eliminated.

The third design variant of the energy converter, shown in Fig.6, can be used as a hydraulic motor, and a wind turbine.

Its difference from the second option (figure 5) is that the platform with single blades 53 rotate around a horizontal output shaft 65 in a vertical plane. This plane is parallel to the orientation plane of the vane 72.

The axis of rotation of the blades is oriented horizontally, the nodes of the change in orientation and fixation of the position of the single blades are made, as for the second version of the Converter, according to the simplified design shown in Fig.9 and 10.

Unlike the second option, this design provides automatic adjustment of the rotation speed of the output shaft 65 of the Converter when changing the flow velocity of the fluid.

The rest of this design of the Converter is made similar to the construction of the second version of the Converter, presented in figure 5.

A thrust ring 63 is fixedly mounted on a vertical strut, on which a thrust bearing 64 and a rotating sleeve 71 are mounted. The entire converter mechanism is mounted on this rotating sleeve 71. To counterbalance the weight of rotating platforms with blades, a counterweight 80 attached to the sleeve 71 from the opposite side can be used. (see Fig.7).

The cone-shaped weather vane 72 and the electric generator 68 with the stand 69 are also mounted from 2 opposite sides relative to the sleeve 71, are fixed to it and rotate together.

The weather vane conical 72 orients the plane of rotation of the blades relative to the direction of the wind.

The design of the conical weather vane is shown in Fig. 14 and is described in detail in the prototype [2].

The pressure of the wind (or water) on the lateral surface of the truncated cone of the weather vane using the levers 73, 74 of the rod 79 and the finger 78 changes the orientation of the central sprocket 57.

In light winds, the spring 75 brings the lever 74 to the far right clockwise position (see Fig. 8). The cable 77, thrown over the block 76, mounted on the end of the first lever, pulls the conical weather vane 133 with the finger 139 in the extreme left position and presses it against the stop 136.

The position of the second lever 74 in this case corresponds to the nominal wind speed. Through the rod 79 and the finger 78, the orientation of the lever 74 is transmitted and changes the orientation of the central sprocket 57.

With a weak wind (less than the nominal), the interface between the active and passive sections of the trajectory of rotation of the platforms (line a - b) coincides with the direction of the wind.

As the wind speed increases, the conical weather vane moves along the horizontal lever and, using the cable 77, turns the lever 74 counterclockwise. This leads to a change in the orientation of the central sprocket and associated platform sprockets 20.

In this case, the interface between the active and passive sections (line a-b) of the trajectory of rotation of the platforms from the direction of the wind is shifted.

An early change in the orientation of the blades leads to a decrease in the total torque of the blades, and therefore to a decrease in the rotation speed of the output shaft of the converter.

A cylinder 70 is fixed to the rotating sleeve 71 to which the axis of rotation of the output shaft 65 and the horizontal lever of the conical weather vane 72 are fixed.

A drive bevel gear 66 is fixedly mounted on the output shaft 65.

The driven gear 67 is mounted on the shaft of the multiplier (not shown in FIG. 6), the output of which is equipped with an electric generator 68. The multiplier coordinates the rotation speed of the output shaft with the rotation speed of the generator armature.

Figure 7 shows a top view along arrow B on the generator assembly 68. The stand 69 is fixedly mounted to the rotating sleeve 71. The entire assembly rotates around a stationary rack when the wind direction changes.

With converter power ranging from 5 to 20 kW, converter designs are preferred where flat-blade platforms rotate around the central shaft on bogies on a circular road.

On Fig presents a view along arrow A on the interaction node of the conical weather vane 72 on the Central sprocket. As the wind speed increases, the conical weather vane 72, using the cable 77, thrown over the block 76, turns the second lever 74. With a weak wind, the weather vane spring presses the lever 74 against the stop. The second lever and finger 78 are fixed motionless in the rod 79. The interaction of the conical weather vane 72 with the central sprocket 57 occurs through the rod 79. The central star, in turn, through the chain interacts with the peripheral sprockets of the platforms and, accordingly, the blades. Changing the orientation of the blades leads to regulation of the speed of rotation of the output shaft and the generator.

Figure 9 presents the design of the wind version of the energy Converter.

The rotating platform 81 is made in the form of a tetrahedral truncated pyramid mounted on two rubber wheels 82.

The axis of rotation of the blade 83 is fixedly fixed in the center of the pyramid. The platforms are connected to each other by couplers (Fig. 9 are not indicated), and the levers 84 are connected to the central shaft. Single blades 85, fixedly mounted on bushings 86, rotate freely on axes 83. part of the sleeve of the blade 86 is stationary mounted flange of the blade 87.

A second sleeve 90 is mounted coaxially on the blade sleeve 86 with the possibility of free rotation. The first sprocket 88 is fixedly mounted on the upper end of this sleeve, and the orientation flange 91 is also fixedly mounted on the lower end. Coaxially mounted flange 92 with latches 93 freely rotates above this flange. On the second sleeve 90, at the upper end of which the first sprocket 8 is fixedly mounted, the orientation flange 91 is fixedly installed at the lower end, and the flange 92 with two latches can rotate freely. In addition, the flange 92 with latches through the spring-energy storage device interacts with the platform. Twice during the period of rotation of the platform around the output shaft, the latches levers 95 hit the release bearings 99 mounted on both sides of the platform 87. In this case, the first sprocket 88 through the first chain interacts with the central sprocket fixedly mounted on the vane bush.

Figure 10 shows a view aa, from below on the indicated flanges 87, 91, 92. The diameter of the blade flange 87 has a diameter slightly larger than the diameter of the orientation flange 91.

In addition, the flange of the blade has four grooves 97 around the perimeter, located 90 ° from each other. The orientation flange has two grooves, also located along the perimeter through 180 °, i.e. from diametrically opposite sides.

The snap flange 92 has the largest diameter. Two latches 93 are mounted symmetrically on both sides on this flange from two sides. Using the springs 94, the tips of both latches are pressed against the circumference of the blade flange 87. The thickness (height) of the latches tip must be such as to cover the thickness of the two flanges 87 and 91, taking into account the gap between them.

The levers of the latches 93 during rotation of the platforms interact with bearings 99 mounted using brackets 98 on the platform 81. An energy storage spring 100 is installed between the flange with latches 92 and the upper end surface of the platform 81 coaxially with the sleeve 90. The upper end of the spring is connected with the housing, and the lower one with a flange 92. On the active and passive sections of the trajectory of rotation of the platform around the central shaft, for example, clockwise, the spring 100 twists 180 ° and accumulates energy. At the interfaces, at points a and b, the latches levers 93 collide with bearings 99. At the same time, the latches tips come out from grooves 96 and 97 of flanges 87 and 91. A spring inserted through 180 ° rotates the flange with latches 92 in a counterclockwise direction. Ninety degrees flange 92 idles. The tips of the latches go along the edge of the flange of the blade and through 90 ° fall into the grooves 97. Next, the wound spring rotates the flange of the blade and the associated blade 90 °, and the tip of the latch falls into the groove 96 of the orientation flange 91. Thus, the position of the blade is fixed for another half period platform rotation.

The orientation of the grooves 96 is determined by the direction of the wind vane or set manually using the central sprocket (57 or 142). Using the first chain 89 and the first sprockets 88 mounted on each platform, the orientation of the grooves 96 of the flanges of the orientation 91 of all the platforms remains unchanged, despite the rotation of the platforms around the output shaft.

Thus, it is possible to change the orientation and fix the position of the blade in the structures shown in figure 5 and 6.

A fourth embodiment of the assembly for changing the orientation and fixing the position of the blade (FIG. 11) can also be used in the energy converters shown in FIGS. 5, 6 and 9, where single blades are used.

Similarly to the design of FIG. 9, a driven flange 102 is fixedly mounted on the hub of the blade 83. A leading flange 101 is connected to the energy storage spring 100. A flange with a fixed orientation 103 is located between the leading and driven flanges 101 and 102. This flange is mounted motionless on one sleeve 90 with the first sprocket (88) and constantly maintains its orientation when the platform rotates.

Cams 106 are installed on the lower side of the driving flange 101 along its perimeter from two diametrically opposite sides. These cams twice during the rotation period of the platform at the defining points a and b of the rotation path interact with squeezing bearings 107 mounted on the platform body.

The driving flange interacts with the flanges 102 and 103 using the first 104 and second 105 fingers. These pairs of fingers are fixedly connected to the driving flange 101 and fix the position of the blade on the active and passive sections of the platform rotation path using the hole 108 in the flanges 102 and 103.

As can be seen in FIG. 11, the driven flange (blades) 102 has four holes 108 located 90 ° apart, and the orientation flange 103 has two holes located 180 ° apart.

At the defining points of the trajectory of rotation a and b, the cams 106 run into bearings 107.

The bearings push the drive flange 101 up and lead the first and second fingers 104 and 105 out of the holes of the flanges 102 and 103. The second fingers 105, due to their longer lengths, enter the holes of the driven flange 102 first. The spring 100 introduced by 180 ° rotates 180 ° drive flange counterclockwise. The first 90 ° driven flange spins idle. Then the second fingers 105 enter the holes 108 of the driven flange 102 and rotate it through an angle of -90 °.

As soon as the first fingers 104 reach the holes in the orientation flange 103, the clamped spring 100 lowers the drive flange down and the first fingers enter the holes 108 of the flange 103 and fix the angular position of the drive flange 101. After that, the spring 100 begins to twist. This spring works simultaneously to twist and squeeze. The spring spins for half a period of rotation of the platform and gains energy. At the defining points a and b, the process is repeated.

The rotating platform in FIG. 12 differs from the construction in FIG. 9 in that each blade consists of two halves 122 and 123, and a fifth embodiment of the assembly for changing the orientation and fixing the position of the blade is used to change their orientation.

The common features of both rotating platforms are given the same numbering 81-100.

The stand 83 is mounted vertically on a rotating platform 81 of the blade. The first and second halves of the blades 122 and 123 are pivotally mounted between the lower 109 and the upper rocker arms. The rocker arms rotate freely on a vertical strut 83 and maintain their orientation with the first sprocket 88. This sprocket is mounted on one sleeve 90 with a lower beam and a flange with a fixed orientation 114. The blade sleeve 86, mounted coaxially with the sleeve 90, fixedly connects the flange of the blade 115 to the second the central asterisk 112. In this case, the flange of the blade 115 interacts with the flange 114 through the torsion energy storage spring 100.

In the root part of each half 122, 123 the blades are fixedly mounted, the third 116 and the fourth 117 peripheral sprockets connected with them. These sprockets with the help of the third chain 113 are kinematically connected with the second central sprocket 112, fixedly connected with the flange of the blade 115.

The flange of the blade 115, mounted together with the second central sprocket 112 motionlessly on one sleeve of the blade 86, interacts with a vane of a conical shape 133. This interaction is carried out using the latch of the dog 118 and the rod 121. The rod, in turn, interacts through the cylinder with an inclined groove 145 and a spring-loaded rod 143 with a finger and a cable 140 with a cone-shaped weather vane 133. The weather vane is pivotally mounted on a stand 128, on which the output shaft of the converter 129 rotates.

In the active and passive sections of the platform rotation around the output shaft 129 (see Fig. 14), the blade flange 115 is in engagement with the platform body. For this purpose, a dog 118 is used, secured with ears 127 (see Fig. 13), and the body of the cylindrical cap 111. The cap is fixedly fixed to the body 81 of the platform. Inside the cap is a node for changing and fixing the position of the blade.

Using the spring 125, the tip of the dog enters the groove 124 and fixes the position of the flange 115 and the second central sprocket 112 associated with it. This sprocket is kinematically connected by a second chain 113 to the third 116 and the fourth sprocket mounted motionless on the rotation axes of the two halves of the blade 122 and 123. This chain connection provides a change in the orientation of the two halves of the blade by ± 90 ° and fixation of this position in the active and passive sections. For this purpose, it is necessary that the diameter of the pitch circle of the second central sprocket 112 and, accordingly, the number of teeth are two times less than the diameter and number of teeth of the sprockets 116 and 117.

The kinematic relationship between these stars is shown in Fig. 14. When the central sprocket rotates 180 °, the first and second halves of the blade rotate around their axes towards each other by 90 °. This occurs at the defining points a and b, at the interface between the active and passive sections of the trajectory of rotation of the platforms. At these points, the ends of the levers of the dogs 126 of two opposite platforms run into bearings 119 mounted with forks 120 at the two ends of the rod 121, and the dogs are pushed. When depressing the tip of the dog 118, a spring turned 180 ° rotates the flange 115 and the associated second center sprocket 112 180 ° clockwise. This, in turn, leads to the installation of two halves of the blade perpendicular to the direction of the wind in the active section and along the specified direction in the passive section.

After changing the orientation, the tip of the dog 93 falls into the groove of the flange of the blade 115 and the spring 100 begins to twist and accumulate energy for the next switching cycle.

The angular position of the rod 121 defines the interface between the active and passive sections of the path, i.e. position of points a and b. In light winds, the interface (line a-b) coincides with the direction of the wind.

To automatically adjust and synchronize the speed of rotation of the output shaft when the wind speed changes, the structure shown in FIG. 15 is used together with the structures shown in FIG. 16 and 12.

As the wind directions change, the weather vane 133 changes direction. A central sprocket 142 is fixedly mounted on the vane post 128. With the help of the first chain 89, this sprocket is connected to the first sprockets 88 mounted on the vertical posts of all platforms. The specified kinematic relationship of the weather vane with asterisks is shown in Fig.16. This connection provides automatic orientation of the blade (or two halves of the blade) perpendicular to the direction of the wind in the active area and along the specified direction in the passive.

To adjust the speed of rotation of the output shaft when the wind speed changes, a rod 121 is used, at the ends of which bearings 119 are installed. The interaction of the bearings with the dogs 118 leads to a change in the orientation of the two halves of the blade. Therefore, the rod determines the interface between the active and passive sections, i.e. coincides with line a-b.

With increasing wind speed, it is necessary that the rod deviates from the original direction, which coincides with the direction of the wind, by an angle φ counterclockwise (see Fig. 16). The angle φ is proportional to the increment of wind speed. An early change in the orientation of the blade leads to a decrease in the active area. In the passive section corresponding to the angle φ, the blade, oriented perpendicular to the wind, creates a negative moment. This leads to a decrease in the speed of rotation of the output shaft.

To change the orientation of the rod, a weather vane with a conical shape 133 is used (see Fig. 15).

Under wind pressure, the weather vane is shifted to the lateral surfaces of the truncated housing 133 along the horizontal lever 137. The finger 139, which runs along the groove 138, pulls the cable 140 along it. The cable is thrown over the block 141 and passes along the inner cavity of the vane 128, and pulls up connected with it is a stem 143. On the lower side, the stem is connected with the spring of the weather vane 144. An extended spring 144 presses the weather vane against the stop 136. The stem is in the lower position. A finger is inserted into the rod, which goes along the vertical groove in the rack 128 and interacts with the inclined groove of the cylinder 145. The rod 121 is motionlessly connected to the cylinder. The interaction of the finger with the inclined groove causes the cylinder and the associated rod to rotate through an angle φ.

In the root part of each half 122, 123 of the blade fixedly connected to them are the third 116 and fourth 117 peripheral sprockets. These sprockets with the help of the third chain 113 are kinematically connected with the second central sprocket 112, fixedly connected with the flange of the blade 115.

The flange of the blade 115, mounted together with the second central sprocket 112 motionless on one sleeve of the blade 86, interacts with a weather vane of a conical shape 133. This interaction is carried out using the lock (dogs 118) and the rod 121. The rod, in turn, interacts through a cylinder with an inclined a groove 145 and a spring-loaded rod 143 with a finger and a cable 140 with a conical weather vane 133. The weather vane is pivotally mounted on a stand 128, on which the output shaft of the converter 129 rotates.

The greater the wind speed, the greater the horizontal displacement of the conical weather vane and the greater the angle of rotation (φ) of the rod relative to the direction of the wind. In proportion to the angle of rotation φ, the braking torque increases. Selecting the parameters of the conical weather vane, spring and inclined groove, it is possible to synchronize the speed of rotation of the output shaft in a wide range of changes in wind speed.

The pressure force of the wind on the blades using levers 84 is transmitted to the central shaft 129. A central bevel gear 130 is installed on the central shaft, which drives the driven gear 131 and the associated electric generator 132 (pump). To coordinate the rotation speed of the generator, it is necessary to use a multiplier (not shown in Fig. 15).

лопастей меняется в пределах от R до

, где N - общее количество лопастей, а К - число рычагов 156 первого колеса 154.On Fig presents the hydraulic variant of the energy Converter. This option is characterized by high efficiency due to the fact that about half of the blades work with maximum efficiency. The increase in efficiency is due to the fact that the pressure force of flowing water on the blades on the active part of the trajectory creates the maximum torque on the output shaft due to the large lever. When the blade rotates in a circle, the moment of rotation is proportional to the force of the water pressure P, the length of the lever and cosφ, where φ varies from 0 to 180 °. The cosine of the angle φ varies from 0 to 1 with a circular orbit of rotation of the blades. In this design, the lever length for

the blades varies from R to

where N is the total number of blades, and K is the number of levers 156 of the first wheel 154.

The converter contains an N-e number of platforms, each of which has a vertically flat blade 158. A node for changing the orientation and fixing the position of the blade is installed in the root part of each blade (see Fig. 18).

With six levers, the length of the lever varies from 0.865 R to R, while with the circular rotation of the blades, the arithmetic average value of the lever is 0.57 R.

In addition to increased efficiency, this design is distinguished by its simplicity of design, especially by the simplified design of the unit for changing orientation and fixing the position of the blade.

The hydraulic variant of the energy converter in FIG. 17 contains two wheels 154 and 155. Each of the wheels consists of six levers 156 fixed to the output shaft equidistantly through 60 ° from each other.

Each of the wheels 154, 155 is pivotally mounted on a corresponding vertical fixed stand 162 along the course of the river. They can be mounted on pontoons to ensure their positive buoyancy. In this case, a change in the water level will not affect the operability of the converter. Rotating platforms with flat blades 158 must be installed on the same pontoons or the blades must be hollow to ensure positive buoyancy of the platforms.

The platforms are connected to each other by hinges 159 pivotally. The length of the couplers in FIG. 17 is chosen equal to the length of the lever R of the driving (active) wheel 154. The length of the couplers may be shorter, but the hinge joints of the couplers with each other when the wheels 154 and 155 rotate must coincide with the tips of the levers 156, similarly to the links of the tracked tractor wheel .

Couplings 159 at the nodal points where they are pivotally interact with the corresponding nodes change the orientation and fix the position of the blade.

On the axes of rotation of the central shafts of the wheels 154 and 1545, central sprockets 160 are fixedly mounted. The angular position of these sprockets is connected with the direction of the flow of the river or sea waves and fixes this direction.

On each lever 156 of both wheels with the help of the bracket 163, peripheral sprockets 157 are connected, connected by a chain 161 to the central sprocket 160 (see Fig. 18). The kinematic connection between sprockets 160 and 157, having the same diameters and the number of teeth, provides a fixed orientation of all these sprockets, given a constant and unchanging direction of the river.

The wheels in FIG. 17 are a vertical shaft with radial arms 156 freely rotating around the stationary struts 162.

The levers are mounted on both sides of the vertical shaft equidistantly through 60 ° from each other. Moreover, the lower and upper radial levers are fixed to the shaft vertically and between them in turn pass vertical flat blades 158. In the root part of each blade there is a corresponding unit for changing the orientation and fixing the position of the blade. The design of these nodes are presented in Fig. 18.

The central stars 160 are kinematically connected with the peripheral sprockets 157 mounted on the ends of the levers 156 using the chain 161, such a chain connection is made on both wheels 154, 155. The central stars, motionlessly connected with the direction indicators of the medium flow, are mounted on both wheel struts. In addition, the blades are connected to each other by couplers interacting with the tips of the levers and nodes changing the orientation and fixing the position of the blades.

On the vast extent of the platform trajectory in the active (along the river) and passive (upstream) sections of their movement, the couplers are oriented along the river. Therefore, it is enough to change the orientation and fix the position of the blades 158 relative to the couplers 159.

The construction of the first variant of changing the orientation and fixing the position of the blade relative to the hitch 159 is presented in Fig. 18 and Fig. 19. Using brackets 163, peripheral sprockets 157 are mounted at the ends of the levers 156. Two parallel guide plates 165 and a coaxial cam flange 166 are fixedly connected to each of these sprockets. The sprocket with the flange retain their orientation when rotated around axis 164.

The remaining structural elements of the orientation and fixation unit of the blade 167-177 are mounted on a pivot joint of two adjacent couplers 159. The lower 168 and upper 170 flanges are installed on the sleeve of the blade 177. The lower flange is fixed to the blade hub. The upper flange rotates freely in the sleeve. The outer contour of the upper end of the flange 170 has the shape of a rectangle. The end face of the flange freely enters the space between the parallel plates 165, and the flange in this case occupies a position coaxial to the sprocket 157.

The upper and lower flanges are connected between using the energy-accumulating spring 169. For half a period of rotation of the wheel 154, 155, the upper rectangular end face of the flange 170 is between the two plates 165. The lower flange 168, whose angular position relative to the coupling 159 is fixed by the latches 172, twists the spring 169 by 180 °.

The latches are installed symmetrically on both sides relative to the lower flange. The flange has four holes located 90 ° apart. The ends of the latches enter two opposite holes of the flange and fix its position.

The latches 172 are mounted on the hitch 159 with the help of flat hinges 173 and with the help of the spring 174 provide fixation of the position of the blade on the active and passive sections of its movement.

After the hitch changes its direction of movement (orientation) by 180 °, i.e. will make half a revolution around the corresponding wheel, the levers 171 hit the cams of the flange 166. As a result of the interaction of the cams with the levers, the ends of the latches 172 come out of the holes of the flange. After that, the accumulation spring, which is brought in through 180 °, rotates the lower flange 168 and the associated blade by 90 °. The ends of the spring-loaded clips 172 occupy a second pair of holes in the lower flange. After that, a straight section of the blade begins. In this case, the rectangular end face of the upper flange 167 leaves the gap between plane-parallel plates 165.

The stored spin energy of the storage spring 169 rotates the upper flange 170 90 ° in the opposite direction. After that, the spring assumes and maintains a neutral position throughout the entire straight section of the blade movement.

On Fig shows a top view of the node changes the orientation of the blades.

The sprocket 157 is fixedly connected to the cam flange 166, which through the cams interacts with the levers 171.

On Fig presents the design of the second variant of the node changes the orientation and fixation of the position of the blades in the energy Converter on Fig.

A stop sleeve 178 is fixedly mounted on the blade sleeve 177. A spring 179 installed between the stop sleeve 178 and the blade flange 180 provides a lift and interaction of this flange with the upper flange 182. The guide pin 181 provides only longitudinal displacement of the flange 180 relative to the blade sleeve 177. On the top the cams 182 are installed on the end surface of the blade flange. The squeeze bearings 184 and the ratchet are mounted on the lower end surface of the upper flange 182. When the cams 183 interact with the squeeze bearings 184, the flange l mouth moves down. In this case, the locking finger 187, motionlessly mounted in the hitch 159, leaves the clutch with the flange of the blade. Four holes 188 are used for coupling, arranged in a circle 90 ° apart. The tip of the finger 187 enters these holes in turn and fixes the position of the blade every half period in the active and passive rectilinear sections of its movement.

The force of interaction of the tip 189 with the stop 190 of the lever 156 on the segment stop 186 is used to force the orientation of the blade. The segment stop is fixedly mounted on top of the flange 182 and interacts with the stop of the lever 190. The fork of the lever 189 enters the gap between the stop 186 and the upper flange 182. Couplings drive the wheels 154, 155 clockwise. After the platforms rotate through an angle of 180 °, the cams 183 collide with the squeeze bearings 184. As a result of their interaction, the flange of the blade 180 goes down and disengages from the hitch 159. Then, under the influence of the lever stop 190 on the segment stop 186, the flange 182 changes its orientation by 90 °.

With a further rotation of the flange with ratchet 90 ° around the sleeve of the blade 177, the ratchet 185 leads to a forced rotation of the blade 90 °.

Thus, the spring-loaded flange of the blade 180 with two cams, four holes and radial grooves interacts with squeezing bearings and ratchet mounted on the upper flange 182, as well as with a locking finger fixed in the hitch.

The ratchet has a special shape (see FIG. 23) and an eccentric mount. When the flange 180 is in the upper position and the finger 187 fixes the position of the blade, the ratchet tip is raised and it slides along the surface of the blade flange (Fig.23, position a).

After loosening and when the blade flange is lowered, the ratchet tip 191 enters the radial groove 192 (see FIG. 23, position b). Subsequently, the flanges 182 and 180 are rotated together through 90 °, after which the pin 187 re-enters the hole 188 and fixes the position of the blade throughout the rectilinear movement.

The couplers thus rotate the wheels 154, 155 clockwise.

To ensure positive buoyancy on the bushings of the blades 177 can be installed pontoons (sealed chambers).

The principle of operation of the hydraulic converter in Fig.24 is as follows.

Flat blades 198 rotate around the horizontal axes 197, while the ends of the axes of rotation of the blades are pivotally connected to the coupling nodes of the couplers. The rotation of the blades occurs around two horizontal pairs of wheels 193, 194. These wheels rotate around two horizontal axes mounted parallel to each other on the four parking lots 195. The axis of rotation of the blades is also oriented horizontally. The risers are motionlessly installed in the water stream so that the lower blades, oriented perpendicular to the flow of the river, are under water. Moreover, the upper lobes, oriented in the direction of the river flow, were higher than the level of the river. The converter can also work when all the blades are under water. In this case, the generator must be installed higher, and the rotation to its anchor is transmitted using two pairs of bevel gears or using a belt drive. Couplings 199 have a length equal to the radius of the circumference of the wheels, i.e. leverage 200.

Couplings 199 form two closed chains parallel to each other, and link two carousel mechanisms to each other. In addition, horizontal hubs of the blades pass through the nodal points of the hinge connection of parallel chains. Formed a kind of squirrel wheel (see Fig.24).

The hubs of the blades interact with the nodes of changing the orientation and fixing the position of the blades 201. These nodes change the orientation of the blades so that the blades of the lower row are installed perpendicular to the flow of the river, and the upper row - along the specified flow. An electric generator (pump) is installed motionlessly on one (or two) of the risers.

At the right ends of the axes of rotation of the blades, nodes of changing the orientation and fixing of the blades 201 are installed. By design, these nodes can be made according to Fig.20. To ensure the necessary positive buoyancy of the blades, such that they do not float up and do not sink to the bottom of the river, it is possible to use special pontoons (sealed chambers), similar to Fig. 18. It is advisable to make the blades hollow. The weight of the volume of water displaced by the blades should be equal to the weight of the blades 198 together with the weight of the orientation change unit 201 and the couplers 199. In addition, to ensure positive buoyancy, the blades can be made of plastic with a low specific gravity.

In the passive section (see Fig. 24), the blades are oriented along the direction of the river. To reduce drag, the cross section of the blades and pontoons must be streamlined.

A further simplification of the converter design can be achieved by fixing the position of the blades 198 relative to the couplers 199. Throughout the active and passive sections of the movement, the plane of the blade is perpendicular to the couplers, i.e. the direction of the river. Each blade is oriented perpendicular to the corresponding coupling and is connected to it motionless. For normal operation of the converter, it is necessary that the passive section passes through the air, i.e. above river level. In this case, the mounting unit of the generator (pump) 202 is also simplified.

To prevent the blades from sagging in the passive section of their motion paths, cables 204 are stretched on both sides. The cables are pulled parallel to each other and their ends are connected with vertical stationary risers 195. Rollers 205 are rolled along the cables and pivotally mounted at the ends of the axes of rotation of the blades 197. This prevents sagging blades in the passive area.

The distance between parallel cables along the vertical is 1.73 R. With a large number of blades, hinged supports mounted on both sides in the middle of the converter can be used to reduce the sagging arrow.

With the help of cables, the ends of the risers can be tied to pegs hammered on both sides of the river bank.

In a similar way, with the help of cables, the sagging of the blades under water and in the active section of their advancement can be prevented. In this case, there is no need to use pontoons or to use hollow blades.

At both ends of the axes of rotation of the blades 197, rollers 205 are pivotally mounted, which interact with four cables 204, stretched in pairs parallel from two sides of the wheels 193, 194.

The fluid energy converter can be used to generate thermal energy (space heating, water heating), mechanical energy (energy extraction from the drive shaft to drive mechanical equipment, such as a mill or pump) in separate and isolated places where there is no centralized power supply.

Information sources

1. Tsybulnikov S.I. Wind power installation. Patent RU No. 2125182, cl. F 03 D 5/04, 1/20/99, bull. Number 2.

2. Aliev A.S. Wind turbine Aliyev, patent RU No. 2224135, class. F 03 D 5/00 dated 05/05/2002

3. Anuryev V.I. Reference designer-mechanical engineer. Volume 2. M.: Mechanical Engineering, 1980, p.209-215.

Claims (17)

1. A fluid energy converter comprising a fixed strut with an output shaft, platforms with flat blades, in the root part of which there are installed nodes for changing the orientation and fixing the position of the blades, characterized in that the platforms are fixed motionless around the output shaft and additionally contain central, peripheral sprockets and a chain, while peripheral sprockets are mounted on the nodes of changing the orientation and fixing the position of the blades and are kinematically connected through the chain to the central sprocket installed th on the fixed rack to pivot and lock the angular position. 2. The fluid energy converter according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises a medium flow indicator (weather vane), which is mounted on a stationary rack with the possibility of free rotation, and is fixedly connected to the central sprocket. 3. The fluid energy converter according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises kinematically connected second vertical shaft, a second tier of vertical flat blades, as well as first and second overrunning clutches and pinion gears kinematically connected through a driven gear with an electric generator (pump) , while the hubs of the first and second overrunning clutches are motionlessly connected to the first and second shafts, and their clips are connected to gears, respectively. 4. The fluid energy converter according to claim 1, characterized in that the energy converter is suspended on the horizontal beam with the blades down, and each node for changing the orientation and fixing the position of the blades contains an additional sprocket, while all the platform sprockets are connected by a chain to a central star mounted on fixed axis of rotation of the output shaft and connected motionlessly with a pointer and a latch of the rotation unit. 5. The fluid energy converter according to claim 1, characterized in that the node for changing the orientation and fixing the position of the blade contains a flange with cams, thrust bearings, upper and lower coupling halves, kinematically connected first, second internal sprockets, upper and lower segment sprockets, the inner chain, the clutch flange, the second spring, as well as the outer sprocket and the fixed lower beam, connected to it, mounted on the rack of the blade with the possibility of free rotation, at the ends of which symmetrically installed There are two halves of the blade with the possibility of rotation up to 90 ° in mutually opposite directions, while the lower coupling halves are motionlessly connected with the corresponding inner sprockets and with a cam flange mounted with the possibility of longitudinal displacement and interacting with the thrust bearings, in addition, the inner sprockets through the second chain interact with the upper and lower segment sprockets, which are fixedly connected with the coaxial clutch flange, which, in turn, interacts through the second spring uet platform further upper coupling half connected fixedly coupling with the respective halves of the blade. 6. The fluid energy converter according to claim 1, characterized in that the output shaft and the axis of rotation of the blades are oriented horizontally, and the plane of rotation of the blades is vertical and parallel to the orientation plane of the vane, while the vane is made in the form of a truncated cone that interacts with the central sprocket and blades. 7. The fluid energy converter according to claim 1, characterized in that the platforms rotate on wheels around the output shaft in a circle, and the unit for changing the orientation and fixing the position of a single blade contains coaxially mounted blade flange, orientation flange and flange with latches, while the second sleeve, fixedly connected with the first sprocket, the orientation flange is fixedly mounted, and the flange with two latches is freely rotatable, in addition, the flange with latches through the spring of the energy storage device interacts with latformoy, and two latch - with two squeeze bearing means mounted on the platform, wherein the first sprocket via a respective chain sprocket interacts with a central, fixedly mounted on the hub wind vane. 8. The fluid energy converter according to claim 1, characterized in that the node for changing the orientation and fixing the position of the blade includes a driving flange with two cams and two pairs of fingers of different lengths, a fixed orientation flange with two holes and a driven flange with four holes which interact with the corresponding two pairs of fingers fixedly mounted in the drive flange, which, in turn, through the cams interacts with squeezing bearings mounted on the platform body. 9. The fluid energy converter according to claim 1, characterized in that the knot for changing the orientation and fixing the position of the blade contains kinematically connected flange with a fixed orientation, a spring and a flange of the blade, as well as a third and fourth peripheral sprockets, a second central sprocket, a rod with a bearing and a dog, each blade consisting of two halves pivotally mounted between the upper and lower arms, in the root of which peripheral sprockets are fixedly mounted kinematically connected to a second sprocket fixedly connected to the flange of the blade, the first sprocket fixedly connected to the flange with a fixed orientation and the lower beam, in addition, the flange of the blade through the latch and the rod interacts through the drum with an inclined groove and the rod with a finger with a cone-shaped weather vane, pivotally mounted on the axis of rotation of the output shaft of the converter. 10. A fluid energy converter containing platforms with flat vertical blades, in the root part of which are installed nodes for changing orientation and fixing the position of the blade, characterized in that it additionally contains two wheels pivotally mounted on vertical struts along the flow of the medium (water), and couplings pivotally connected to each other and interacting with nodes changing orientation and fixing the position of the blades, which, in turn, interact through the first and second peripheral sprockets central asterisks respective wheels. 11. A fluid energy transducer comprising a vertical shaft with radial levers, vertical flat blades, in the root of which there are mounted nodes for changing and fixing the position of the blades, as well as peripheral sprockets kinematically connected to the central sprocket mounted on the direction indicator of the fluid flow (river ), characterized in that it further comprises a second shaft with radial levers, kinematically connected second peripheral sprockets and a central sprocket mounted on the second the index m the direction of flow of the medium, in addition, the blades are connected to each other couplers interacting with lugs levers and nodes changes orientation and fixing the position of the blades. 12. The fluid energy converter according to claim 11, characterized in that the node for changing the orientation and fixing the position of the blade contains a cam flange with two parallel plates, fixedly connected to the corresponding peripheral sprocket, kinematically connected upper, lower flanges and spring, as well as spring-loaded levers with clamps pivotally mounted on the hitch and interacting with the cam flange and through the clamps with the lower flange. 13. The fluid energy converter according to claim 11, characterized in that the blade change orientation and fixation unit comprises an upper flange with a segment stop, two squeeze bearings and a ratchet, a spring-loaded blade flange with cams, four holes and grooves mounted on the blade hub with the possibility of longitudinal displacement, as well as a locking pin, fixedly fixed in the coupling and interacting with the holes of the flange of the blade, the cams of which interact with the squeezing bearings, while echnik ratchet interacts with notches of the flange of the blade and the arm tip - with a segment of the upper abutment flange. 14. A fluid energy converter according to any one of Claim 12 or 13, characterized in that pontoons are mounted on the blades of the blades. 15. The fluid energy converter according to claim 13, characterized in that the axis of rotation of the shafts of the wheels and blades are oriented horizontally and additionally contain a second pair of wheels and a second closed chain of couplings oriented parallel to the first and interacting with the blades, while the axis of rotation of the wheels is articulated installed on four newly introduced risers, in addition, one (or two) output shaft is kinematically connected to an electric generator (pump), motionlessly mounted on one (or two) of the risers. 16. The fluid energy converter according to claim 15, characterized in that the rollers are pivotally mounted at both ends of the axes of rotation of the blades, interacting with four cables, stretched in pairs parallel from two sides of the wheels. 17. The fluid energy converter according to claim 15, characterized in that each blade is oriented perpendicularly and fixedly connected to the corresponding coupling.

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