RU2281413C1 - Wind power-generating device - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: wind power engineering.

SUBSTANCE: proposed wind power-generating device consists of intercoupled platforms installed over circle, each platform contains mechanically coupled vertical post, blade and unit to change orientation and fix blade in position which interact with wind vane installed in center of wind power generating device. Each platform is provided additionally with fixed horizontal blade and sprocket installed on horizontal lever for rotation. Unit to change orientation and fix blade in position contains additionally second upper splined clutch member combined with inner first splined clutch member, and lower clutch member is fixed of converter post. Moreover, pairs of segment sprockets are connected by chain and cable with sprockets installed in root part of corresponding relatively opposite horizontal blades.

EFFECT: improved power output of device and its sensitivity to weak flows of wind.

2 cl, 7 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the use of renewable energy sources, namely wind energy, and their conversion into other types, mainly into electric energy.

The technical result of the invention is a significant increase in the power of the energy converter and sensitivity to weak wind flows by simple technical means. An energy converter design is proposed, consisting of platforms rotating around a vertical rack. At the same time, vertical and horizontal blades are installed on each platform, which twice change their orientation by 90 ° for one rotation of the platform along a circular path. The rotation of the blades (sails) is automatically adjusted when changing the direction and speed of the wind.

Known wind power installation [1] using the main working element in the form of a sail mounted on a platform, and the platform is connected, in turn, in the composition, the beginning and end of which are connected together, that is, form a ring. The composition is installed on a circular path corresponding to the size of the platforms. The sail has the highest wind energy utilization. The power developed by the installation is taken from the platform wheel shaft.

The disadvantage of this wind power installation is the mechanical (manual) initial installation of the orientation of the sail depending on the direction of the wind and manual adjustment of its position when changing the direction of the wind. In addition, the orientation of the sail changes synchronously throughout the passage of the platform along the ring path. During this time, the sail makes a half-turn (180 °) around its axis (rack). Such a change in the orientation of the blades (sails) on the overwhelming segment of the platform passing along the annular path does not provide for effective selection of wind energy.

Also known is a wind turbine [2], which by its design features can be specified as a prototype of the proposed wind energy device.

The prototype contains a circular road, a platform, a rack, a blade, a weather vane, a node for changing the orientation and fixing the position of the blade. The platforms rotate around a vertical central shaft, from which movement is transmitted to an electric generator or a water pump.

The disadvantages of the prototype include the complexity of the design of the node changes the orientation and fixation of the position of the blade, which makes it difficult to use.

The technical result consists in simplifying the design of the device and increasing the efficiency (coefficient of efficiency) and is ensured by the fact that in a wind power device containing interconnected platforms installed on a circular path, each of which has a vertical blade and a node for changing the orientation and fixing the position of the blade, interacting with a weather vane installed in the central node of the device according to the invention, each platform further comprises a motionlessly connected horizon the main blade and the sprocket mounted on a horizontal lever with the possibility of rotation, and the node for changing the orientation and fixing the position of the blade additionally contains a second upper spline coupling half, combined with the inner first splined coupling half, the lower half coupling is mounted motionless on the converter strut, while a pair of segment sprockets through the chain and the cable is connected with sprockets installed in the root part of the respective mutually opposite horizontal blades.

Each rotating platform additionally contains upper and lower segment sprockets, a fourth and neutral sprocket, kinematically connected through a chain drive, while the segment sprockets are mounted motionlessly on the same sleeve as the fifth (top) sprocket, and the fourth sprocket and the motionless horizontal blade connected to it are pivotally mounted on horizontal lever.

A new design of a wind power device using the main working elements in the form of flat vertical and horizontal blades mounted on platforms is considered, and the platforms rotate around a central vertical shaft. The power developed by the device is taken from its central shaft.

The presence of a relatively large number of platforms allows you to significantly reduce the cost of the entire structure, because this uses the same type of parts. The large total mass of the platforms protects the structure from sudden gusts of wind and stabilizes the speed of rotation of the output shaft.

With low-power converters (1-5 kW), the platforms are interconnected motionlessly around a vertical output shaft mounted on a rack with the possibility of free rotation.

With a wind turbine power of 5-15 kW, the platforms can be made in the form of bogies on ordinary rubber wheels with air filling. Platforms with the help of couplers and flat hinges are connected in a closed circuit and with the help of levers are fastened to the central shaft, from which the power developed by the wind turbine is taken. With this connection of the platforms to the central wheel, the number of wheels can be reduced to two, or even to one. It is most beneficial when the central shaft is connected directly to an electric generator (or to a pump) through a multiplier.

The power of such a wind turbine will depend on the power developed by a single platform, and the number of interconnected platforms and is practically unlimited within the limits of economic feasibility.

Figure 1 shows a top view of a wind power device, where:

1 - rotating platforms;

2 - the central shaft;

3 - coupling;

4 - radial levers;

5, 6 - left and right halves of vertical blades;

7 - horizontal blades;

8 - central node;

9 - pyramidal weather vane;

10 - the central asterisk;

11 - peripheral sprockets;

12 - chain one.

Figure 2 shows the design of the Central node 8 of the wind energy device, where:

13 - fixed central rack;

14 - persistent rings;

15 - thrust bearing first;

16 - output shaft;

17, 18 - leading and driven gears;

19 - an electric generator;

20 - a brake flange;

21 - a brake ring;

22 - a metal ring;

23 - the first finger;

24 - the first spring;

25 - second persistent bearing;

26 - orientation flange;

27, 28 - external and internal six-slot coupling halves;

29 - the second fixed internal clutch coupling half;

30 - the second outer clutch coupling half;

31 - second spring;

32 - segmented sprockets;

33 - second chains;

34 - gaskets;

35 - metal rings;

36 - ring with a six-jaw end;

37 - the first squeeze bearings;

38 - rods;

39 - staples;

40 - squeeze bar;

41 - second squeeze bearings;

42 - third springs;

43 - supporting rings;

44 - second fingers;

45 - sleeve with a groove;

46 - third stars;

47 - brackets;

48 - a stand of a weather vane;

49 - lever weather vane;

50 - weather vane body;

51 - sleeve cylindrical;

52 - emphasis;

53 - groove;

54 - second finger;

55 - cable with a block.

Figure 3 shows a top view of the spline connection between the outer 27 and inner 28 spline coupling halves and the second coupling half coupling 29 and 30.

56 - slots;

57 - hole for the spring 31.

Figure 4 presents the kinematic relationship between the third sprockets 46 and segment sprockets 32 mounted on the bushings of the horizontal blades 7.

Positions 32-46 are the same as in figure 2.

Figure 5 shows the design of the rotating platform 1, where:

58 - platform body;

59 - wheels;

60 - stand vertical;

61 - sleeve;

62 - thrust bearing;

63, 64 - upper and lower cam coupling halves;

65 - flange;

66 - a ring with a cam end;

67 - bearings;

68 - brackets;

69 - the fourth spring;

70, 71 - upper and lower segment stars;

72 - a neutral asterisk;

73, 74, 75, 76 - fourth, fifth, sixth, seventh stars;

77 - third chains;

78 - the second cable;

79 - blocks;

80 - groove;

81 - finger;

82, 83 - lower and upper rocker arms;

84, 85 - racks of two halves of the blade;

86 - the second chain.

Figure 6 shows a view BB, view of the two-jaw clutch, where the positions 60-64 are the same as in figure 5.

In Fig.7 presents a kinematic diagram of the chain connection of segmented sprockets 70, 71 with neutral 72 and third 73 sprockets, where positions 71-79 are the same as in Fig.5.

The wind power device operates as follows.

The Central shaft 2 is mounted on a stationary vertical rack with the possibility of free rotation.

The platforms 1 are connected to each other by hooks 3, and to the central shaft by radial levers 4. On each platform, vertical flat blades are installed, consisting of two left 5 and right 6 halves. In addition, a horizontal blade 7 is mounted on each radial arm 4 with the possibility of rotation through an angle of ± 90 °.

The central node 8, interacting with a pyramidal weather vane, is installed coaxially to the shaft 2 and the central sprocket 10. The angular position of the central sprocket, fixedly connected to the vane 9, determines the angular position of all peripheral sprockets 11. This is achieved using the first chain 12. The chain connection the kinematic diagram shown in figure 1, provides a synchronous change and fixation of the angular position of all peripheral sprockets 11 depending on the direction of the wind.

The device provides an automatic change in the orientation of the two halves of the vertical blades and the orientation of the horizontal blades during rotation of the platforms 1.

With the wind direction specified in FIG. 1, the half-period of rotation of the platforms corresponding to the right-hand section of the rotation path acb is active.

Throughout the rotation of the platforms on the active site, both halves of the vertical blades 5, 6 and horizontal blades take an orientation perpendicular to the direction of the wind.

The force of the wind pressure on the flat blades creates a positive moment of rotation on the central shaft 2.

In the passive section of the rotation of the bda platforms, the left and right halves of the blades take an orientation parallel to the direction of the wind. While the plane of the horizontal blades 7 in the passive section take a horizontal position. The specified position of the vertical and horizontal blades on the passive section creates minimal drag and does not impede the rotation of the platforms 1.

The rotation speed of the output shaft 2 when the wind speed changes is carried out using a weather vane of a pyramidal shape 9 and a brake system installed in the central node 8.

Figure 2 shows the design of the Central node 8 of the device. Fixed vertical stand 13 is installed in the center of the device. On the thrust ring 14 and thrust bearing 15 mounted output shaft 16 with the possibility of free rotation. The drive gear 17 is fixedly mounted on the output shaft. The driven gear 18 is engaged with the drive gear and transmits rotation through the multiplier to the generator 19 or pump. In figure 2, the multiplier is not specified. The multiplier is used to coordinate the rotation speed of the output shaft with the rotation speed of the generator.

The brake flange 20 is also coaxially fixed to the output shaft, co-operating through the brake ring 21, the metal ring 22, the first pin 23 and the cable 55 with the weather vane. The brake and metal rings are mounted on the stand 13 with the possibility of vertical displacement. The first finger 23, with the help of the first spring 24, is displaced along the vertical groove in the rack 13. The first finger is connected with the second finger 54 via a cable 55, which interacts with the wind vane. When the wind speed increases, the weather vane pulls the cable and with the finger of the metal ring 23 presses the brake ring 21 against the brake flange 20. The cable is thrown over the block 45 and passes along the axis of the strut 48. The higher the wind speed, the greater the tension force of the cable and the output shaft braking. Selecting the tension force of the first spring 24, the geometric parameters of the pyramidal weather vane 9 and the parameters of the brake system, it is possible to synchronize the speed of rotation of the output shaft 16.

The vane stand 48 is mounted on the stand 13 with the possibility of free rotation.

The central sprocket 10 and orientation flange 26 are fixedly mounted in the root part of this rack. The upper end of the vane rack 48 is fixedly connected to the horizontal lever of the vane 49 at a right angle. The case of the vane 50 has the shape of a truncated tetrahedral pyramid or a truncated pyramid. The force of the wind pressure on the weather vane is proportional to the difference in the areas of the upper and lower end surfaces of the weather vane body 50.

A cylindrical bushing 51 passes along the axis of the weather vane, which is displaced along the horizontal lever 49. The tension of the first spring 24 provides the displacement of the weather vane along the lever 49 to the stop 52. The second finger 54 is displaced along the groove 53 to the right under the influence of the weather vane. The higher the wind speed, the greater the displacement of the wind vane and pin 53. In this case, the braking force of the output shaft increases proportionally. A node for changing the orientation and fixing the position of the horizontal blades is installed in the center of the device. It consists of an orientation flange 26, which is fixedly connected with the support of the weather vane 48. An external six-slot coupling half 27 is fixedly mounted on the lower end of the orientation flange. On the lateral surface of the orientation flange, wringing bearings 41 are mounted on two diametrically opposite sides, which interact with the slats 40.

The inner six-slot coupling half 28 is aligned with the second outer clutch coupling half 30. The ring 36 is fixedly connected to them with six cams at the end. These cams interact through every 1/6 of the rotation period of the platforms with the first squeeze bearings 37.

The inner spline coupling half 28 interacts through the second spring 31 with the output shaft 16, and also through the rods 38 with the segment sprockets 32. When the first squeeze bearings 37 interact with the end cams of the ring 36, the inner spline coupling half 29 and the second outer clutch coupling 30 rise up and out the clutch, respectively, with the external spline 27 and the inner coupling half of the clutch 29.

In this case, the inner second coupling half of the clutch 29 is fixedly mounted on the vertical strut 13.

Figure 3 presents a top view of the six-slot clutch 29, 30.

The second spring 31 brought up before this rotates the internal six-membered coupling half 28 by + 60 °. With the help of the rods 38, a rotation of + 60 ° of the segment sprockets 32 fixedly connected in one package takes place.

In the package, segmented stars are combined in pairs that are offset by 60 ° relative to each other. In each pair of segmented sprockets, the teeth are located on diametrically opposite sides. The number of teeth should be such as to ensure, by means of the second chain 33, the rotation of the third sprockets 46 by an angle of ± 90 °. At the same time, the teeth occupy not the entire 60 ° segment, but less. In the clutch with the chain 33 can be the teeth of only one of six segment sprockets.

Segmental sprockets are insulated with spacers 34 of the shape of concentric rings. Bottom and top of the package with segmented sprockets mounted metal rings 35, which are pulled together by pins and form a single package design. Using two rods 38, twisted into the upper ring 35 of the package, the segment sprockets 32 interact with the weather vane and the output shaft 16.

After this interaction, the horizontal blades at a point a of the rotation path take a vertical position, and at a point b - a horizontal position. This position of the blades is fixed and held throughout the active and passive sections of the trajectory of their rotation around the central shaft.

To fix the position of the blades, a six-slot clutch 27, 28, a clutch 29, 30 and brackets 39 are used, which provide a stationary position of the second chain 33.

Only at the interface between the active and passive sections of the trajectory of rotation a and b, as a result of the interaction of the squeeze bearings 37 with the six-jaw end face of the ring 36, the six-clutch couplings 27, 26 and the second coupling half couplings 29, 30 disengage from each other. At the same time, the second squeeze bearings 41 interact with the squeegee strips 40. These strips are mounted on two sides and brackets 39 are fixedly connected to them, providing the stationary position of the second chain 33. Each chain connects a pair of segment sprockets 32 with chains interacting with third sprockets 46 two opposite horizontal blades. Since the direction of rotation of the blades changes every half turn by an angle of ± 90 °, there is no need to use chain communication according to the kinematic scheme shown in Fig.4. Four sections of the chain are connected to each other using cables 55. The cables 55 are thrown through the blocks 56 mounted on the brackets 47.

Since the upper and lower segment sprockets 32 of each of the three pairs enter the clutch with the chain 33 in turn, the blades 7 change their orientation to the opposite path of their rotation at points a and b.

In the kinematic diagram of FIG. 4, a chain indicated by a solid arrow engages with an upper segment sprocket 32. A second lower chain, indicated by a dash-dot arrow, is engaged with a lower segment sprocket 32.

Such a kinematic diagram of a chain connection provides a change in the direction of rotation of the third sprockets to the opposite. With the appropriate selection of the diameters of the pitch circles of the segment 32 and third sprockets 46, as well as the number of teeth of the segment sprockets, it is possible to change the orientation of the horizontal blades by ± 90 °.

Дзз / 6 = Дзз / 4, where Дзз and Дзз are the diameters of the pitch circles of the segment and third stars, respectively. The number of teeth of the segment sprocket 32 should be such as to ensure its adhesion to the chain 33 within 60 ° and the rotation of the third sprocket 46 through an angle of + 90 ° or -90 °.

After the strips 40 come out of contact with the squeeze bearings 41 under the influence of the third springs 42, the brackets 39 are engaged in engagement with the chain 33, the squeegee 40 is displaced only in the longitudinal direction. For this purpose, the strap is attached to the sleeve with a longitudinal groove, along which the finger 44 walks. The groove limits the longitudinal stroke of the strips and the necessary fixation of the chain 33 with a bracket. The third spring 42 is installed between the sleeve and the support ring 43.

The third sprockets 46 are fixedly connected with horizontal blades 7 mounted on the horizontal levers 4 of the device with the possibility of free rotation.

The horizontal blades on the acb active section create an additional positive torque on the output shaft, thereby increasing the efficiency of the wind energy device.

Figure 5 presents the design of the rotating platform 1 with the second variant of the node changes the orientation and fixing the position of the horizontal blade. This node also provides a simultaneous change in orientation of the two halves 5, 6 of the vertical blade.

The body of the platform 58 has the shape of a truncated tetrahedral pyramid mounted on two wheels 59.

In the center of the platform, a stationary vertical strut 60 is installed. On the sleeve 61, which rotates freely around the strut, the upper seventh sprocket 76, the peripheral sprocket 11 are fixedly mounted. The upper two-jaw coupling half 64 and the flange 65 fixed therefrom are mounted on the sleeve 61 with the possibility of longitudinal displacement. The flange has a vertical groove 80, along which there is a finger 81, fixedly inserted into the sleeve 61. At the lower end of the sleeve 61, the upper 70 and the lower 71 segment sprockets are fixedly mounted. The diameters of the pitch circles of these stars are two times larger than the diameter of the pitch circle of the fourth 73 stars. When the segment sprockets rotate by + 180 °, the chain connection according to the kinematic scheme shown in Fig. 7 should provide the reverse and rotation of the fourth sprocket 73 and the associated horizontal blade 7 by an angle of +90 and -90 °. The diameter of the neutral sprocket 72 can be any.

The teeth cover only part of the segment sprockets, less than 180 °. When one of the segment sprockets enters the chain 77, the second should be in the neutral position. Similarly to the kinematic diagram in Fig. 4, when the upper 70 or lower 71 segment chain sprockets enter the clutch again, the third 77 connected to each other by cables 78 change their direction of movement in the opposite direction (see Fig. 7). This provides reverse and rotation of the fourth sprockets at an angle of + 90 ° and -90 °. At point a, the horizontal blade 7 assumes an orientation perpendicular to the direction of the wind, i.e. perpendicular to the plane of the drawing. This orientation is maintained throughout the rotation of the blade in the acb active region. At point b, the blade changes its orientation by -90 °, and the blade 7 assumes an orientation parallel to the direction of the wind, i.e. coincides with the drawing plane. This orientation of the blade is maintained throughout the passive section bda of the trajectory of its rotation (see figure 1).

The cables 78 are thrown through the blocks 79 and connect the individual sections of the chain link 77. The neutral sprocket 72 is mounted on the platform body using a bracket. The use of cables 55 and 78 in kinematic connections in figure 4 and figure 7 simplifies the design, allows you to use blocks, reduces the weight and cost of the device.

The peripheral sprocket 11 is connected to the central sprocket 10 by means of the first chain 12 and is mounted motionlessly on the vane rack 48. The kinematic chain connection of these sprockets shown in FIG. 1 provides a synchronous change (and preservation) of the angular position of all peripheral sprockets when changing (constant) the direction of the wind, and therefore the orientation of the weather vane 9.

When the upper 63 and lower 64 two-jaw coupling halves are engaged with each other, the flange 65 interacting with the wind vane retains its angular position.

In this case, the fourth spring 69, the upper end of which is connected with the body of the platform 58, twists by + 180 ° and gains energy. At the boundaries of the active and passive sections at points a and b, the bearings 67 interact with the flange 65. The bearings 67 are mounted using brackets 68 on the platform body 58. A ring 66 with two cams on the upper end is fixedly mounted on the flange 65. At points a and b of the trajectory of rotation of the platforms, the bearings 67 collide with the cams of the ring 66 and disengage the two-cam coupling halves 63 and 64 from each other. The fourth spring 69 ° introduced by + 180 ° rotates the segment sprockets 70, 71 and the fifth sprocket 74, fixedly mounted on the sleeve 61, through an angle of 180 °.

The fifth sprocket 74 is connected by a third chain to the sixth 75 and seventh 76 sprockets. The diameter of the pitch circles and the number of teeth of the sixth and seventh sprockets are two times less than the diameter and number of teeth of the fifth sprocket. With this ratio of the number of teeth, the sixth and seventh sprockets rotate by an angle of + 90 ° and -90 °, respectively. The chain kinematic diagram between the indicated asterisks must have the form ∞. [3] Such a connection should ensure the orientation of the two halves of the blades 5, 6 perpendicular to the direction of the wind at point a and along the indicated direction at point b. The left and right halves of the vertical blade are installed between the upper 83 and lower 82 rocker arms. While the lower beam 82 is fixedly mounted on the sleeve 61.

The racks of the two halves of the blade 84 and 85, fixedly connected with the sixth 75 and seventh 76 sprockets, respectively, rotate freely relative to the rocker arm 82 and 83. The upper beam is also mounted on the vertical arm 60 with the possibility of free rotation.

The lower beam, fixedly connected with the peripheral sprocket 11 and interacting with the weather vane, keeps its orientation constantly.

As a result of the interaction of the flange 65 and the associated fifth sprocket 74 with the sixth 75 and the seventh 76 sprockets, the orientation of the two halves of the blades 5 and 6 at points a and b changes.

Fixation and preservation of the orientation of these halves is carried out using a two-clutch coupling 63 and 64, as well as a chain link 12 between the peripheral 11 and central 10 sprockets.

Figure 6 presents a top view of BB in the two-jaw lower coupling half 64 mounted on the sleeve 61 with the possibility of vertical displacement relative to the stationary vertical strut 60.

Figure 7 shows the kinematic diagram of the chain connection of segmented sprockets 70 and 71 with fourth 73 and neutral 72 sprockets.

This connection is carried out using chain links 77 that interact with these sprockets, connected to each other using cables 78.

The fluid energy converter can be used to generate thermal energy (space heating, water heating), mechanical energy (energy extraction from the drive shaft to drive mechanical equipment, such as a mill or pump) in remote and isolated places where there is no centralized power supply.

Information sources

1. Tsybulnikov S.I. Wind power installation. RU, No. 2125182 C1, cl. F 03 D 5/04. 01/20/1999

2. Aliev A.S. Wind turbine Aliyev. RU, No. 2224135 C1, cl. F 03 D 5/00, 02.20.2004.

3. Anuryev V.I. Reference designer-mechanical engineer. Tom. 2. M.: Engineering, 1980, pp. 209-215.

Claims (2)

1. A wind energy device containing interconnected platforms installed on a circular path, each of which has a vertical blade and a node for changing the orientation and fixing the position of the blade, interacting with a weather vane installed in the central node of the device, characterized in that each platform additionally has a fixed horizontal connection a blade and an asterisk mounted on a horizontal lever with the possibility of rotation, and a node for changing the orientation and fixing the position of the blade soda INH further second upper splined coupling half, combined with the first internal spline coupling half, the lower coupling half fixedly mounted on the drive rack, the pair of segment Stars through the circuit and the wire are connected with sprockets mounted to the root portions of the respective mutually opposite horizontal lobes. 2. The wind energy device according to claim 1, characterized in that each rotating platform additionally kinematically connected through a chain drive of the upper and lower segment sprockets, the fourth and neutral sprockets, while the segment sprockets are mounted motionlessly on the same sleeve with the fifth (top) sprocket, and the fourth sprocket and the motionless horizontal vane associated with it are pivotally mounted on the horizontal arm.

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