RU2373424C1 - Wave power installation (versions) - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: machine building.

SUBSTANCE: invention refers to renewable sources of energy, particular to wave power and to converting it into other kinds, mainly into electrical energy. Wave power installation consists of the first and the second horizontal interacting shafts installed on vertical poles and freely rotating; further installation consists of pontoons arranged in pairs and symmetrically relative to vertical poles, of bridged in pairs levers pivotally connected to corresponding pontoons, of the first and the second pinions rigidly fixed on the first and the second shafts and meshing with one another, of a step-up-gear and generator. N-number of overrunning clutches is installed on each shaft; hubs of clutches are stationary assembled on corresponding shafts. Socket sleeves are connected with upper ends of levers by means of flat hinges; lower ends of levers are tied with corresponding pontoons also with flat hinges. Distance between hinges of two parallel levers equals to distance between two horizontal shafts. When the socket sleeve of the upper clutch meshes the hub of the socket sleeve, the socket sleeve of the lower clutch comes out of meshing and vice-versa.

EFFECT: object of invention is increased efficiency and simplification of installation design.

5 cl, 6 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of renewable energy sources, namely wave energy and its conversion into other types, mainly into electrical energy.

A wave power device is known comprising first and second shafts interacting with each other, mounted on vertical struts with the possibility of free rotation, pontoons mounted pairwise symmetrically with respect to vertical struts, pairwise parallel levers pivotally connected to respective pontoons, first and second gears fixedly mounted on the first and second shafts and meshing with each other, a multiplier and a generator [see US 4319454 A (LUCIA LOUIS V), 03.16.1982, F03 B 13/12].

This energy device is a tool for the same purpose, which is inherent in the set of features closest to the set of essential features of the invention in the first embodiment of the wave energy device. It can be taken as the closest analogue (prototype) for the first version of the wave energy device.

It is also known wave energy device containing interacting with each other, the first and second shafts mounted on vertical uprights with the possibility of free rotation, pontoons mounted pairwise symmetrically with respect to the vertical uprights, pairwise parallel levers pivotally connected to the respective pontoons. The device also contains first and second gears, fixedly mounted on the first and second shafts and engaged with each other, motion transducers mounted pairwise symmetrically with respect to the vertical struts, each of which includes the first and second ratchet wheels interacting with each other and spring-loaded dogs, mounted on levers, a multiplier and a generator [see US 4319454 A (LUCIA LOUIS V), 03.16.1982, F03B 13/12].

This device is a tool for the same purpose, which is inherent in the set of features closest to the set of essential features of the invention in the second embodiment of the wave energy device. It can be taken as the closest analogue (prototype) for the second version of the wave energy device.

It is also known wave energy device containing interacting with each other, the first and second shafts mounted on vertical struts with the possibility of free rotation, a pontoon, the first and second gears, fixedly mounted on the first and second shafts and engaged with each other, a multiplier and a generator [cm. US 4319454 A (LUCIA LOUIS V), 03.16.1982, F03B 13/12].

This device is a tool for the same purpose, which is inherent in the set of features closest to the set of essential features of the invention in the third embodiment of the wave energy device. It can be taken as the closest analogue (prototype) for the third version of the wave energy device.

As a disadvantage of the prototypes, low efficiency and structural complexity of the converter can be indicated.

The technical problem is to significantly increase the efficiency and simplify the design of the Converter.

This technical problem is solved by creating a fundamentally new design of the wave energy device, which contains the first and second horizontal shafts interacting with each other, mounted on vertical racks with the possibility of free rotation, pontoons installed pairwise symmetrically relative to the vertical racks. The device also contains pairwise parallel levers pivotally connected to the respective pontoons, the first and second gears, fixedly mounted on the first and second shafts and engaged with each other, a multiplier and a generator. On each shaft there is an N-e number of pairs of overrunning clutches, the hubs of which are fixedly mounted on the respective shafts, and the clips are flat hinges connected to the upper ends of the levers. The lower ends of the levers, also by flat hinges, are connected with the corresponding pontoons. In this case, the distance between the hinges of the two parallel levers is equal to the distance between the two horizontal shafts, and when the clip of the upper sleeve of each pair engages with the hub of the clip, the clip of the lower sleeve disengages and vice versa.

The upper lever of each left pair through the bracket and the orientation frame is made interacting with the corresponding parallelized pair of levers mounted on the right side.

The output shaft of the multiplier through an overrunning clutch is connected to the shaft of the generator on which the flywheel is mounted.

The second version of the wave energy device contains interacting with each other, the first and second horizontal shafts mounted on vertical racks with the possibility of free rotation, pontoons installed in pairs symmetrically relative to the vertical racks. The device also contains pairwise parallel levers pivotally connected to the respective pontoons, the first and second gears fixedly mounted on the first and second shafts and engaged with each other, motion transducers mounted pairwise symmetrically with respect to the vertical struts, each of which includes interacting with each other the other is the first and second ratchet wheels and spring-loaded dogs mounted on levers, a multiplier and a generator. The lower ends of the levers are pivotally connected to the pontoons, and the first, second, third and fourth spring-loaded dogs are installed at the upper ends, which alternately engage with the corresponding first and second ratchet wheels. The distance between the joints of the two parallel levers is equal to the distance between the two horizontal shafts.

The third version of the wave energy device comprises first and second horizontal shafts interacting with each other, mounted on vertical struts with the possibility of free rotation, a pontoon, first and second gears, fixedly mounted on the first and second shafts and engaged with each other, a multiplier and a generator . The device is equipped with overrunning clutches, first and second gear racks mounted with the possibility of reciprocating motion in the vertical plane, third and fourth gears mounted on the first and second shafts, fixed motionless on the clips of the overrunning clutches and shifted relative to each other in the longitudinal direction. In this case, the gear racks are shifted relative to each other in the transverse direction, the third gear engages with the first gear rack, the fourth gear with the second, and the lower ends of the gear racks are fixedly connected to the pontoon using brackets. ”

Figure 1 shows the design of the first variant of the wave energy device, side view, where:

1 - vertical racks;

2 - vertical support;

3 - platform;

4, 5, 6, 7 - the first, second, third, fourth shafts;

8, 9 - the first, second cardan joints;

10, 11 - the first, second gears;

12, 13, 14, 15 - the first, second, third, fourth overrunning clutches;

16, 17, 18, 19 - fifth, sixth, seventh, eighth overrunning clutches;

20 - the first lever;

21 - the sixth lever;

22 - fourth pontoon;

23 - second pontoon;

24 - swivel joints;

25 - multiplier;

26 - ninth freewheel;

27 - flywheel;

28 - generator;

29 - frame orientation levers.

Figure 2 presents the end view of the wave energy device along section AA of figure 1, where positions 1-29 are the same as in figure 1;

30 - the fifth lever;

31, 32 - the seventh, eighth levers;

33 - the first pontoon;

34 - articulation of levers;

35 - brackets associated with orientation frames.

Figure 3 presents the design of the second variant of the wave energy device, where positions 1-5 are the same as in figure 1 and figure 2;

36.37 - the first, second ratchet wheels;

38, 39, 40, 41 - the first, second, third and fourth spring-loaded dogs;

42, 43, 44, 45 - the ninth, tenth, eleventh and twelfth levers;

46, 47 - the third and fourth pontoons.

Figure 4 presents the design of the third variant of the wave energy device, where positions 1-5 are the same as in figure 1 and figure 2,

48, 49 - the tenth, eleventh overrunning clutch;

50, 51 - the third and fourth gears;

52, 53 - the first and second gear racks;

54 - fifth pontoon;

55 - a directing lath;

56 - jumper;

57 - brackets.

In Fig. 5, view B is shown in Fig. 4 of the third embodiment of the wave energy device, where positions 48 to 57 are the same as in Fig. 4;

Figure 6 presents the kinematic diagram of the parallel connection of the output shafts of the energy device,

where 58, 59 are the first and second output shafts;

60, 61 - twelfth and thirteenth overrunning clutches;

62, 63 - the first and second leading bevel gears;

64, 65 - the first and second driven bevel gears;

66 - a common output shaft.

The principles of operation of the first version of the wave energy device, the design of which is presented in figures 1 and 2 is as follows.

The wave energy device is installed directly on the shore or at some distance from the sea. Depending on the generated power, it can be stretched along the coast by tens - hundreds of meters. Vertical posts 1 are concreted into the bottom of the sea at a distance of several meters from the coast and at a certain distance from each other.

Through the vertical posts horizontally pass the first 4 and second 5 shafts with the possibility of free rotation. Horizontal shafts 6, 7 of adjacent sections located at an angle are connected to each other through cardan joints. Such a connection of the shafts makes it possible to bypass coastal obstacles by increasing them, to increase the total power on the first (output) shaft 4 and at the same time increase the synchronism of its rotation.

The first 10 and second 11 gears are fixedly mounted on the first 4 and second 5 shafts, which enter into engagement with each other. Instead of gears 10, 11, the first and second stars can be mounted on the shafts, kinetically connected to each other by a chain. At the end, the chain link (not shown in the figure) has the form of a figure eight. The chain connection leads to the rotation of the shafts 4, 5 in mutually opposite directions. Replacing the gears with stars, a chain connection between them will allow you to set large distances between the parallel shafts 4 and 5.

The hubs of the first 12, third 14, fifth 16 and seventh 18 overrunning clutches are fixedly mounted on the first shaft 4.

Moreover, on the second shaft 5, the hubs of the second 13, fourth 15, sixth 17 and eighth 19 overrunning clutches are also fixedly mounted.

The odd overrunning clutches 12, 14, 16, 18 mounted on the first (upper) shaft are engaged with the clips of the respective couplings and transmits rotation to the first shaft 4 counterclockwise. At this time, the holders of the even couplings 13, 15, 17 and 19 are out of engagement with the hubs and spin at idle. [Anuryev V.I. Reference designer mechanical engineer. M .: Engineering 1980, volume 2, pp. 215-220] However, due to the adhesion of gears 10 and 11, the second (lower) shaft 5 rotates clockwise. After half a period, the holders of even couplings engage with the hubs of the respective couplings mounted on the lower shaft 5, which causes it to rotate clockwise. Thus, the second shaft and the second gear 11 mounted on it become leading. The upper shaft 4 maintains its direction of rotation counterclockwise. In this case, all the odd couplings mounted on the upper shaft, out of clutch with the hubs and do not interfere with the rotation of the first shaft counterclockwise. Thus, the top and bottom shafts become leading.

The clip of each coupling using a flat (single-stage) hinge 34 is connected to the upper end of the corresponding lever. The swivel allows you to change the angular position of the lever in the horizontal plane, depending on the change in the direction of the wave flow. Each pontoon (22,23) is connected with the lower ends of two parallel levers by corresponding flat hinges 24. The distance between the hinges is equal to the distance between the two horizontal shafts 4, 5, and therefore the distance between the upper hinges of the levers 34. If the lengths of the corresponding parallel pairs are equal levers 21, 30 (31, 32) pontoons 23, 33 under the influence of waves make an oscillatory movement up and down.

The weight of the pontoon is selected so that it is immersed in water at half its volume. In this case, the moments created by the upper and lower levers on the respective shafts 4.5 when raising and lowering the pontoon will be equal.

When lifting the pontoon 23, the fifth lever 30, connected with the holder of the fifth overrunning clutch 16, causes the first (upper) shaft 4 to rotate counterclockwise. The clip of the sixth overrunning clutch 17 is spinning at the same time.

When lowering the pontoon with the departure of the wave, the lower (sixth) lever 21 introduces the sixth overrunning clutch 17 into the clutch and rotates the lower shaft 5 clockwise. Due to the adhesion between the gears 10, 11, the upper shaft 4, which has become driven, continues to rotate counterclockwise.

Similarly, the first and second shafts transmit torque from all pairs of levers associated with the respective pontoons. The power on the output shaft 4 of the wave power plant is determined by the volume and weight of the pontoons, the length of the levers and the height of the waves, and also depends on the number of parallel pairs of levers (pontoons).

To increase the total output power of the wave energy device, it is possible to sequentially turn on the same devices of FIG. 1 and FIG. 2. In this case, the upper and lower shafts can be connected by cardan joints or floating cam couplings when the shafts of adjacent pairs are aligned with each other.

If the wave is approaching from the right (see Fig. 2), the left pontoon 33 and levers 31, 32 are oriented along the direction of its flow under the influence of the approaching wave.

Swivel joints 34 allow you to freely set the direction of the levers 31, 32, located to the left of the posts 1, along the direction of the wave flow.

Pontoons have a cylindrical shape and are oriented perpendicular to the wave flow. This shape and orientation of the pontoons provides the maximum amplitude of their oscillations on the waves, which leads to an increase in the output power of the energy device.

The lifting force of the pontoon is independent of the height of the wave. The length of the levers also does not change when they are raised and lowered. Therefore, the moments of rotation created on the first and second shafts do not depend on the height of the wave when it exceeds the radius of the cross section of the cylindrical pontoon. This contributes to the synchronization of rotation of the output shaft and the generator 28.

To change the orientation of the pivotally mounted levers 21, 30, etc., located to the right of the uprights 1, orientation frames 29 are used. The orientation frame is a vertical, elongated rectangular metal frame, which on each side covers each pair of levers 21, 30 with a small gap. located on the right side (see figure 2). Using the bracket 35, the rectangular frame 29 is fixedly mounted to the upper left arm 31 of the opposite pair. In this case, a change in the orientation of the lever 31 leads to a change in the orientation of the opposite (right) levers 21, 30. Thus, both left and right levers are set along the wave direction, which ensures maximum selection of wave energy.

The output shaft is connected to the multiplier 25, which increases the speed of rotation of the output shaft to the nominal speed of rotation of the generator 28.

To install the multiplier and the generator, a horizontal platform 3 is used, which is supported by a vertical support 2. The other end of the platform is welded to the nearest vertical rack 1.

The output shaft of the multiplier through the overrunning clutch 26 is connected to the shaft of the generator 28, on which is mounted a massive flywheel 27. The flywheel increases the synchronization of rotation of the generator.

If necessary, the device can be installed directly on the shore. This eliminates the need for uprights 1 and left pontoons and levers in articulated joints 34 and in the frame 29, which greatly simplifies the device.

The second version of the wave energy device, shown in figure 3, differs from the first option in that relative to the vertical uprights, identical motion converters are installed in pairs symmetrically on both sides, each of which includes the first and second ratchet wheels, the first and fourth dogs with springs 38- 41. The freewheels mounted on the first and second shafts are replaced by ratchet wheels 36 and 37. They are mounted on the shafts so as to transmit rotation in two opposite directions to them. For this purpose, the ninth - twelfth levers 42-45 mounted spring-loaded dogs 38-41. Springs provide pressure dogs to ratchet wheels. Moreover, the engagement of the dogs with the corresponding ratchet wheels takes place in turn. If, when lifting the pontoon, the first ratchet wheel 36 (shaft 4) becomes the lead, then when lowering the pontoon under its own weight, the second ratchet wheel 37 (shaft 5) becomes the lead. Due to the adhesion of the first and second gears 10, 11, the direction of rotation of the shaft 4, 5 does not change. The first shaft 4 rotates counterclockwise, the second shaft 5 - clockwise.

Otherwise, the principle of operation of the second option of the power plant is fully consistent with the principle of operation of the first option.

The principle of operation of the third version of the wave energy device (see Fig. 4,5) is as follows.

As in previous versions, the first 4 and second 5 shafts are mounted on racks 1 with the possibility of free rotation. The corresponding gears 10, 11, which are in engagement with each other, are also fixedly fixed on them.

In contrast to the previous versions, the third 50 and fourth 51 gears are additionally installed on the shafts 4,5, fixed fixed on the clips of the tenth 48 and eleventh 49 overrunning clutches. Moreover, they are shifted relative to each other in the transverse direction (see figure 5). In this case, the third gear 50 engages with the first gear rack 52, and the fourth 51 with the second gear rack 53.

Toothed racks 52, 53 with the help of the guide plate 55 and the jumper 56 are installed vertically with the possibility of free movement up and down vertically. The gear racks 48, 49 are shifted relative to each other in the transverse direction, as are the corresponding gears 50, 51.

One way clutches 48 and 49 are mounted on shafts 4 and 5 so that they enter the clutch in turn. This clutch overrunning clutch provides a constant directional rotation of the shafts. In this case, the top and bottom shafts become leading.

The upper ends of the vertical gear rails are connected to each other by a horizontal jumper 56. The lower tips of the gear racks by means of brackets 57 are also fixedly connected to the fifth pontoon 54. This provides structural rigidity when exposed to impending waves. The pontoon under its own weight and the weight of the gear racks should be immersed in water at half its volume. This ensures the equality of the moments of rotation created on the shafts 4 and 5 by the gears 50, 51 both when lifting and lowering the fifth pontoon.

To create an additional torque on the output shaft, the kinetic energy of the impending wave can be used. For this purpose, an impeller can be mounted on the output shaft using an overrunning clutch. The impeller is fixedly mounted on the clip of the freewheel. Under the influence of an impending wave, the impeller rotates and transmits the rotation through an overrunning clutch to the output shaft.

If necessary, to increase the output power of the energy device, all three wave energy conversion options can be used simultaneously. This will allow you to summarize the moments of rotation created by each of the three options separately. In this case, the relative time shift between the torques created by each of the three options allows to increase the synchronization of rotation of the output shaft. The application of the first and second variants of the device are identical. They differ only in the design of motion converters. The efficiency of the device increases due to the simultaneous conversion of potential and kinetic energy of the simultaneous conversion of potential and kinetic energy of the waves.

To increase the output power of the energy device, it is possible to parallelly turn on the output shafts 58 and 59 according to the kinematic scheme shown in Fig.6. Driving bevel gears 62 and 63 are mounted on the clips of overrunning clutches 60 and 61, the hubs of which are fixedly mounted on the ends of the shafts 58, 59. Driven bevel gears 64, 65 are motionlessly mounted on a common shaft 66. The rotation moments of the shafts 58 and 59 are summed up at the output of the common shaft 66. In addition, the synchronization of the common shaft, on which the flywheel can be additionally installed, is increased.

The wave energy device can be effectively used to protect coastal zones from the destructive effects of waves and at the same time to obtain alternative electrical, mechanical and thermal energy in the coastal zones of the seas and oceans.

Claims (5)

1. A wave power device comprising first and second horizontal shafts interacting with each other, mounted on vertical struts with the possibility of free rotation, pontoons mounted pairwise symmetrically with respect to vertical struts, pairwise parallel levers pivotally connected to respective pontoons, first and second gears, fixedly mounted on the first and second shafts and engaged with each other, a multiplier and a generator, characterized in that on each shaft installed but Ne is the number of pairs of overrunning couplings, the hubs of which are fixedly mounted on the respective shafts, and the clips are connected by flat hinges to the upper ends of the levers, the lower ends of which are also connected by flat hinges to the corresponding pontoons, while the distance between the hinges of two parallel levers is equal to the distance between two horizontal shafts and when the clip of the upper sleeve of each pair engages with the hub of the clip, the clip of the lower sleeve disengages and vice versa. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the upper lever of each left pair through the bracket and the orientation frame is made interacting with the corresponding parallelized pair of levers mounted on the right side. 3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the output shaft of the multiplier through an overrunning clutch is connected to the shaft of the generator on which the flywheel is mounted. 4. A wave energy device comprising first and second horizontal shafts interacting with each other, mounted on vertical struts with the possibility of free rotation, pontoons mounted pairwise symmetrically with respect to vertical struts, pairwise parallel levers pivotally connected to respective pontoons, first and second gears, motionlessly mounted on the first and second shafts and engaged with each other, motion transducers mounted in pairs symmetrically relative about vertical struts, each of which includes the first and second ratchet wheels interacting with each other and spring-loaded dogs mounted on the levers, a multiplier and a generator, characterized in that the lower ends of the levers are pivotally pivotally connected, and the first, second are mounted on the upper ends the third and fourth spring-loaded dogs, alternately engaged with the corresponding first and second ratchet wheels, while the distance between the hinges of the two parallel levers is equal to the distance between the two th horizontal shafts. 5. A wave energy device comprising first and second horizontal shafts interacting with each other, mounted on vertical struts with the possibility of free rotation, a pontoon, first and second gears, fixedly mounted on the first and second shafts and engaged with each other, a multiplier and generator, characterized in that the device is equipped with freewheels, first and second gear racks mounted with the possibility of reciprocating movement in a vertical plane, the third the fourth gears mounted on the first and second shafts, fixed motionlessly on the clips of the overrunning clutches and shifted relative to each other in the longitudinal direction, while the gear racks are shifted relative to each other in the transverse direction, the third gear engages with the first gear rack, the fourth with the second, and the lower ends of the gear racks using brackets fixedly connected to the pontoon.

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