WO2011092555A2 - A device for generating electric energy from the wave-motion - Google Patents

A device for generating electric energy from the wave-motion Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2011092555A2
WO2011092555A2 PCT/IB2010/055493 IB2010055493W WO2011092555A2 WO 2011092555 A2 WO2011092555 A2 WO 2011092555A2 IB 2010055493 W IB2010055493 W IB 2010055493W WO 2011092555 A2 WO2011092555 A2 WO 2011092555A2
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
movable element
rotation
rotor
movement
transmission
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/IB2010/055493
Other languages
French (fr)
Other versions
WO2011092555A3 (en
Inventor
Claudio Mascialino
Original Assignee
Resnova S.R.L.
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Resnova S.R.L. filed Critical Resnova S.R.L.
Publication of WO2011092555A2 publication Critical patent/WO2011092555A2/en
Publication of WO2011092555A3 publication Critical patent/WO2011092555A3/en

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F03B—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS
    • F03B13/00—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates
    • F03B13/12—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy
    • F03B13/14—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy
    • F03B13/16—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem"
    • F03B13/18—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem" where the other member, i.e. rem is fixed, at least at one point, with respect to the sea bed or shore
    • F03B13/1805—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem" where the other member, i.e. rem is fixed, at least at one point, with respect to the sea bed or shore and the wom is hinged to the rem
    • F03B13/181—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem" where the other member, i.e. rem is fixed, at least at one point, with respect to the sea bed or shore and the wom is hinged to the rem for limited rotation
    • F03B13/1815—Adaptations of machines or engines for special use; Combinations of machines or engines with driving or driven apparatus; Power stations or aggregates characterised by using wave or tide energy using wave energy using the relative movement between a wave-operated member, i.e. a "wom" and another member, i.e. a reaction member or "rem" where the other member, i.e. rem is fixed, at least at one point, with respect to the sea bed or shore and the wom is hinged to the rem for limited rotation with an up-and-down movement
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/30—Energy from the sea, e.g. using wave energy or salinity gradient

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a device for generating electric energy from wave motion.
  • the technical task forming the basis of the present invention is to propose a device for generating electric energy from wave motion which overcomes the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art.
  • an object of the present invention is to provide a device for generating electric energy from wave motion, able to achieve a greater efficiency, such as to justify the effort required for production, installation and maintenance of this device.
  • a further object of the present invention is to propose a device for generating electric energy from wave motion, which is simplified and which has small dimensions, is easy to install and can be used in numerous embodiments in order to adapt to the different configurations of the coast or the open sea.
  • FIGS. 1-3 are schematic cross-sectional views of a device for generating electric energy from wave motion according to respective embodiments
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic side view of a device for generating electric energy from wave motion according to a possible embodiment
  • Figure 4a is a schematic top plan and partially sectioned view (in the direction of the arrow A of Figure 4) of the device for generating electric energy from wave motion according to Figure 4;
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic cross- sectional view of a device for generating electric energy from wave motion, comprising two possible embodiments;
  • FIG. 6 is a partly sectioned schematic view of a device for generating electric energy from wave motion according to a possible embodiment (the parts shown in broken lines illustrate simultaneously two possible embodiments shown in detail in the following drawings);
  • FIG. 7-9 are schematic cross-sectional views, from the side, front and top, respectively, of portion of a device for generating electric energy from wave motion according to a possible embodiment
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic front sectioned view of a portion of a device for generating electric energy from wave motion according to a possible embodiment
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a portion of a device for generating electric energy from wave motion according to a possible embodiment
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic partly sectioned view of a portion of a device for generating electric energy from wave motion according to a possible embodiment
  • FIGS. 13 and 14 are schematic cross- sectional views, from the side and top, respectively, of a portion of a device for generating electric energy from wave motion according to a possible embodiment
  • FIG. 15 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a device for generating electric energy from wave motion according to a possible embodiment
  • FIG. 16 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a device for generating electric energy from wave motion according to a possible embodiment
  • Figure 17 is a top plan view of the device according to Figure 16.
  • FIG. 18 and 19 show schematic cross-sectional views, from the side and front, respectively, (view A in Figure 18), of a device for generating electric energy from wave motion according to a possible embodiment
  • FIG. 20 shows a schematic side view of a device for generating electric energy from wave motion according to a possible embodiment
  • Figure 21 shows a detail, on a larger scale, of Figure 20;
  • Figure 22 shows a detail, on a larger scale, of Figure 21;
  • FIG. 23 shows a schematic, partly sectioned, front view of a portion of a device for generating electric energy from wave motion according to a possible embodiment
  • FIG. 24 shows a possible variation of embodiment of the portion of the device according to Figure 23;
  • FIG. 25 shows a partly sectioned, schematic, top plan view of the portion of the device according to Figure 23;
  • FIG. 26 shows a schematic exploded view of the components of a device for generating electric energy from wave motion according to a possible embodiment.
  • Figures 1-4 show some possible applications and embodiments of a device for generating electric energy from wave motion of the sea, ocean or other water basin, according to the present invention.
  • Figure 1 shows an element movable by the action of the wave motion, for example a float 1 connected to an arm 2 pivotally mounted by means of a pin 3 on a frame 4 of a floating breakwater 4a.
  • the floating breakwater defines a relative reference system with respect to which the float moves, depending on the wave motion.
  • the floating breakwater 4a comprises a surface 5 extending below the float 1.
  • the surface 5 is arranged inclined with respect to a floating line G.
  • the presence of the surface 5 is optional with the aim of recreating the wave motion conditions on the seabed, which are particularly advantageous for obtaining electric energy. In fact, when the wave encounters the seabed, the high volume of water which forms the wave moves horizontally.
  • the surface 5 may be applied to any embodiment in particular in the case where the float is at a distance from the seabed. In general terms, the surface 5 is associated with the relative reference system.
  • the wave motion causes the alternate rotation R of the float 1 and the arm 2 about the associated pin 3.
  • This rotation is used in order to produce electric energy by means of an electric generator, of which, in Figure 1, only the electrical connection 6 to an electric line outside the device is visible.
  • Floating of the breakwater allows the relative position of the pin 3 with 5 respect to the floating line G to be kept constant in response to the variations of the tide.
  • Figure 2 shows a movable element, for example a float 1, with an arm 2 connected by means of pin 3 to the coast or to a pier 7 for example by means of the frame 4.
  • the relative reference system is a fixed reference system.
  • Means are provided for restricting the movement, in particular the rotation, of the float 1.
  • a lower end-of-stroke stop 8 and upper end-of-stroke stop 9 are provided for limiting the angle of alternate rotation of the float and the associated arm in the event of rough seas.
  • end-of-stroke stops may be applied to any embodiment, for example those shown in the accompanying figures.
  • the end-of-stroke stops in particular the upper end-of-stroke stop, may be designed so as to store energy during the movement of the movable element in one direction and release it during the movement in the opposite direction.
  • the wave motion causes the alternate rotation R of the float 1 and the arm 2 about the associated pin 3 until the upper end-of- stroke stop or lower end-of-stroke stop is reached.
  • Figure 3 shows a movable element, for example a float 1, having a form different from that of the floats shown in Figures 1 and 2.
  • the arm 2 of the float is 5 connected, for example, to a frame 4 of a pier 10 by means of a pin 3.
  • the relative reference system is fixed.
  • the floating line G in most conditions is situated below the pin 3.
  • a counterweight 11 is provided.
  • the counterweight is optional and may be applied to any other embodiment, for example those shown in the0 accompanying figures.
  • the end-of-stroke stops shown in Figure 2 may also be applied to the embodiment of Figure 3.
  • the wave motion causes the alternate rotation R of the float 1 and the arm 2 about the associated pin 3.
  • FIGS 4 and 4a show another possible example of the device according to5 the present invention.
  • Two or more movable elements in the form of floats 1 are pivotally joined together by means of pins 3 and are arranged along the floating line G.
  • the floats are moored for example by means of a chain 12 to the seabed 13.
  • the relative reference system of one float is defined by the adjacent float.
  • the wave motion causes the relative alternate rotation R of two adjacent floats about the associated common pin 3.
  • 6a and 6b denote electrical connections to the electric line.
  • the electrical connections indicated by 6a are associated with respective electric generators 14, for example arranged in line with the pin 3, in particular with portions 3a and 3b of the pin 3 (see for example Figure 4a).
  • the left-hand part of Figures 4 and 4a therefore illustrates a possible embodiment of the device according to the present invention in which the rotation of the float, in particular of the pin 3, is transmitted to an electric generator 14 by means of a transmission of the mechanical type.
  • This mechanical transmission comprises a freewheel 15 for each generator, with opposing operation, namely being able to transmit to the respective electric generator 14 rotations in opposite directions to each other.
  • each rotor is one-way.
  • one freewheel is able to transmit a clockwise rotation of the pin (lowering of the pin in an absolute reference system), while the other freewheel is able to transmit an anti-clockwise rotation of the pin (raising of the pin in an absolute reference system).
  • an electric generator makes use of a relative rotation of two adjacent floats corresponding to raising of the pin connecting together the two floats, while the other electric generator makes use of a relative rotation of two adjacent floats corresponding to a lowering of the pin connecting together the two floats.
  • the freewheels 15 are arranged between each portion 3a, 3b of the pin 3 and a rotor of the associated electric generator 14 so as to disengage the relative movement of pin and rotor when a rotation equal to or greater than that of the rotor is not applied to the pin.
  • the freewheels allow the rotor to rotate always in the same direction so as to avoid inertia associated with reversal of the movement.
  • An overgear 15a for example of the planetary type, may be provided, being arranged between the freewheel and the rotor of the corresponding electric generator.
  • the pin 3, and in particular each portion 3a, 3b thereof, is keyed onto one of the floats, while the electric generator 14 is housed inside the adjacent float.
  • one of the floats is designed in the form of a fork defining two arms 2.
  • the device shown in the left-hand part of Figure 4 and 4a comprises two electric generators 14 arranged in line with the pin 3 of the movable element with the arrangement, in between, of at least one respective freewheel and/or other mechanical transmissions able to convert the alternate rotation of the movable element into a clockwise one-way rotation of the rotor of one of the electric generators 14 and into an anti-clockwise one-way rotation of the other electric generator 14 in order to make use of both directions of movement of the movable element.
  • the electrical connection indicated by 6b is associated with an electric generator, not shown, arranged on an axis different from that of the pin 3, preferably an axis parallel to the pin 3.
  • the right-hand part of Figures 4 and 4a therefore shows a possible embodiment of the device according to the present invention different from that shown in the left-hand part.
  • the two embodiments are shown in the same device even though a device according to the present invention will contain preferably embodiments of the same type.
  • the mechanical transmission arranged between the movable element (float) and the electric generator comprises an arm 2 in the form of a fork associated with a float on which a first rod 16 or link is pivotally mounted.
  • a second rod 17, for example in the form of a fork, is pivotally mounted on the first rod 16 and keyed onto a first shaft 18 mounted on a frame 4 of the float adjacent to that supporting the arm 2.
  • 19 and 20 denote the respective pins connecting together the arm 2 and the first rod 16 and the first rod 16 and the second rod 17.
  • the rotor of the electric generator may be connected, for example by means of a freewheel, to the first shaft 18 or to a second shaft 21.
  • the transmission of the rotation between the first and second shafts is of the mechanical type and preferably produces gearing-up of the number of revolutions.
  • the relative rotation of the floats may be exploited during raising and/or during lowering of the float.
  • two electric generators with associated freewheels may be provided, where one generator makes use of the relative rotation in one direction and the other generator make use of the relative rotation in the opposition direction.
  • Figure 5 shows simultaneously two possible - preferably alternative - embodiments of means for restricting the movement, preferably the rotation, of the movable element (float).
  • These means are preferably able to store energy during rotation of the float in one direction (preferably during raising) and release it during rotation of the float in the other direction (preferably during lowering).
  • these means are preferably able to store energy during movement of the movable element in one direction and to release it during movement in the other direction.
  • One of the two embodiments shows at least one cylinder 22, for example a master cylinder able to oppose the movement of the movable element (rotation of the float 1).
  • One cylinder may be arranged on one of the two sides of the pin 3 or two or more cylinders may be arranged on the same side of the pin 3 or on opposite sides as shown in Figure 5.
  • the cylinder 22, in particular its stem, is pivotally mounted on the arm 2 of the float 1.
  • At least one cylinder 22 By connecting at least one cylinder 22 to a pneumatic storage chamber 23 for gas under pressure (nitrogen), energy is stored during the movement of the movable element in one direction (raising of the float) and is released during the movement of the movable element in the other direction (lowering of the float).
  • gas under pressure nitrogen
  • the other embodiment (left-hand part of Figure 5) comprises one or more weights 24 connected at different heights to a frame 25.
  • the weights 24 are hung from the frame 25 via eyelets 26 which allow them to be displaced upwards.
  • a lower end-of-stroke stop 8 and upper end-of-stroke stop 9 may be provided for limiting the travel movement of the arm 2 or the float 1.
  • Figure 6 shows a further embodiment suitable for application to a movable element (for example a float) pivotally mounted on the coast or on a pier 7 (fixed reference system) where means for modifying the height of the pin 3 depending on the variation in height of the floating line G during the different phases of the tide are provided.
  • a cylinder 27 is provided, for example a double-acting master cylinder arranged between the coast (or wharf or pier, or in general the fixed reference system) and the frame 4.
  • M denotes the possible variation of the height of the floating line G depending on the tide and m denotes the possible variation in the height of the pin 3 due to the action of the cylinder 27.
  • One or more cylinders may be provided.
  • the present invention relates generally to a device for generating electric energy from wave motion, comprising a mechanical transmission operatively arranged between an element movable depending on the wave motion (for example the float 1, the arm 2, the pin 3, or one of the other constructional forms illustrated below) and a rotor of an electric generator 14.
  • the element is movable with respect to a relative reference system which may be of the movable type (floating breakwater, floats pivotally hinged in sequence) or of the fixed type (pier, coast, wharf).
  • a transmission of the mechanical type is operatively arranged between the movable element and the rotor of the electric generator, said transmission being directly connected to the movable element and the rotor itself in the absence of pumps and/or hydraulic motors able to convert the kinetic energy of the wave motion into rotational movement of the rotor.
  • the movable element is pivotally mounted via the pin 3 on the frame 4 of the relative reference system by means of the arm 2 and the mechanical transmission transmits the rotation of the pin 3 and/or the arm 2 to the rotor of the electric generator 14.
  • the mechanical transmission may also be suitable for gearing up the movement of the movable element, for example the number of revolutions of the pin 3, so as to be adapted to the characteristics of the electric generator.
  • the mechanical transmission is preferably able to convert the alternating movement (preferably alternate rotation) of the movable element into a one-way rotation (or rotation in one direction) of the electric generator rotor.
  • the mechanical transmission and preferably also the electric generator may be housed inside the frame 4.
  • FIG 6 shows in broken lines two possible embodiments of the mechanical transmission, the reference numbers of which, although being shown in Figure 6, will be explained below.
  • the two embodiments constitute alternatives to each other.
  • FIG. 6 A first embodiment shown preliminarily in Figure 6 is illustrated in detail in Figures 7-9, where the alternate motion of the movable element (alternate rotation of the float 1 and the pin 3) is transmitted to the first shaft 18 by means of a first rod 16 or link pivotally mounted on the arm 2 and on the second rod 17 in turn pivotally mounted on the first rod 16 and keyed onto the first shaft 18.
  • the second rod 17 is for example fork- shaped.
  • 19 and 20 denote respectively pins connecting together the arm 2 and the first rod 16 and the first rod and the second rod 17.
  • the arm 2, the first rod 16 and the second rod 17 define a first transmission of the mechanical type operating between the float 1 and the first shaft 18.
  • the first shaft 18 is subject to an alternate rotation in both directions. Moreover the first shaft 18 is subject to a rotation coinciding with that of the pin 3.
  • the alternate rotation of the first shaft 18 is transmitted to a rotor of an electric generator, not shown in Figures 7-9, so that the rotor rotates only in one direction (one-way rotation).
  • the rotation of the first shaft 18 is further transmitted, being geared up if necessary, to a second shaft, not shown in Figures 7-9, arranged between the first shaft 18 and the rotor of the electric generator.
  • the rotation of the first shaft 18 is transmitted to the rotor of the electric generator preferably by means for converting the alternate movement (preferably alternate rotation) of the movable element into a rotation in one direction only of the electric generator rotor.
  • An example of these means consists in a freewheel as shown in Figure 4a or the following figures.
  • FIG. 10 An example of a mechanical transmission according to the present invention comprising a first shaft 18 and a second shaft 21 is shown in Figure 10.
  • the first transmission operating between the float 1 (or the pin 3) and the first shaft 18 may be formed as shown in Figures 7-9 or as shown in Figure 10 by means of a gearing 28 comprising a first gearwheel 29 keyed onto the pin 3 and a second gearwheel 30 keyed onto the first shaft 18.
  • the first shaft 18 rotates in the same direction as the pin 3.
  • the first shaft 18 rotates in the opposite direction to that of the pin 3.
  • the first gearing 28 defines a first transmission operating directly between the float 1 and the first shaft 18.
  • the first and the second gearwheels 29, 30 may be designed to gear up the number of relative revolutions of the pin 3 and the first shaft 18.
  • a second mechanical transmission transmits the rotation from the first shaft 18 to the second shaft 21.
  • the second mechanical transmission arranged between the first and second shafts comprises a primary transmission 31 able to transmit to the second shaft 21 a rotation in the same direction as that of the first shaft 18 and a secondary transmission 32 able to transmit to the second shaft 21 a rotation in the opposite direction to the rotation of the first shaft 18.
  • the primary mechanical transmission and the secondary mechanical transmission operate selectively and alternately on the second shaft 21 so as to cause it to rotate always in the same direction.
  • the primary mechanical transmission and the secondary mechanical transmission operate selectively on the same rotor.
  • the secondary mechanical transmission 32 comprises a secondary gearing which is formed by a first secondary gearwheel 33 keyed onto the first shaft 18 and a second secondary gearwheel 34 connected to the second shaft 21 by means of a freewheel 35.
  • the secondary gearing may be designed to gear up the number of relative revolutions of the first shaft 18 and the second shaft 21. In the case of Figure 10 there is a double gearing-up performed by the gearing 28 and the secondary gearing.
  • the primary mechanical transmission 31 comprises a first and second primary gearing 36, 37 which are formed by a first primary gearwheel 38 keyed onto the first shaft 18, a second primary gearwheel 39 and a third primary gearwheel 40 which is connected to the second shaft 21 by means of a freewheel 41.
  • the three gearwheels mesh in sequence.
  • the primary and secondary mechanical transmissions may be present simultaneously or one of the two may be optional. If the primary and secondary mechanical transmissions are simultaneously present, it is possible to make use of the movement of the movable element in both directions. If one of the two transmission is absent, it is possible to make use of only the raising movement or only the lowering movement of the float 1 in order to avoid reversals in the direction of the electric generator rotor.
  • the second mechanical transmission operates between the first shaft 18 and the second shaft 21 so that the second shaft 21 always rotates in the same direction.
  • the two freewheels 35, 41 are able to transmit relative rotations of the associated gearwheel and the second shaft 21 in the same direction.
  • the pin 3 performs an anticlockwise rotation (viewing the device in the direction of the arrow F). Consequently the first shaft 18 rotates in a clockwise direction.
  • the second secondary gearwheel 34 rotates in an anti-clockwise direction, while the third primary gearwheel 40 rotates in the clockwise direction.
  • the freewheel 35 corresponding to the second secondary gearwheel 34 is able to transmit the anticlockwise rotation to the rotor (indicated by the reference number 42) of the electric generator 14, while the freewheel 42 corresponding to the third primary gearwheel 40 is able to avoid the transmission of the clockwise rotation to the rotor.
  • the first shaft 18 rotates in an anti-clockwise direction.
  • the second secondary gearwheel 34 rotates in a clockwise direction
  • the third primary gearwheel 40 rotates in an anti-clockwise direction.
  • the freewheel 35 corresponding to the second secondary gearwheel 34 is able to avoid the transmission of the clockwise rotation to the rotor, while the freewheel 41 corresponding to the third primary gearwheel 40 is to transmit the anti-clockwise rotation to the rotor.
  • the rotor always rotates in an anti-clockwise direction.
  • the present invention relates to a device for generating electric energy from wave motion, wherein the abovementioned mechanical transmission comprises at least the first shaft 18, preferably at least the first shaft 18 and the secondary shaft 21.
  • the abovementioned mechanical transmission is able to convert the alternate movement of the movable element into a preferably geared-up rotation of the first shaft 18.
  • the mechanical transmission is further able to transmit the rotation of the first shaft 18 to the rotor of the electric generator preferably via the second shaft 21 arranged in between.
  • the mechanical transmission may comprise a primary transmission 31, a secondary transmission 32 comprising a reversal of the movement with respect to the primary transmission 31, a freewheel 41 associated with the primary transmission 31 and a freewheel 35 associated with the secondary transmission 32.
  • the two freewheels are designed to transmit to a single electric generator rotations in the same direction in order to make use of the movement of the movable element in both directions.
  • the primary transmission 31 and the secondary transmission 32 are designed so as to modify the gearing-up ratio in both directions of movement of the movable element.
  • 43 denotes an overgear, preferably of the planetary type, arranged for example between the second shaft 21 and the electric generator 14.
  • the presence of the overgear 43 is optional, depending on the final gearing-up ratio which is to be obtained.
  • the gearing 28 may be replaced by a gear train with the aim of increasing the gearing-up ratio.
  • the planetary overgear may be eliminated and the flywheel may perform the function of a coupling between the second shaft 21 and the rotor 42.
  • Figure 11 shows a device according to the present invention which is conceptually similar to that shown in Figure 10.
  • a first difference consists in the fork- shaped form of the arm 2, the flanges of which are keyed onto the pin 3.
  • the right-hand part of Figure 11 shows a possible embodiment in which the electric generator 14 is connected to the first shaft 18 for example by means of a freewheel 47 and a planetary overgear 43.
  • the left-hand part of Figure 11 shows instead another possible arrangement of the electric generator 14 in which the flywheel 44 also performs the function of a coupling.
  • the two embodiments shown simultaneously in Figure 11 constitute alternatives to each other.
  • Figure 12 shows a possible embodiment in which the rotor of the electric generator 14 (in the case of Figure 12 two electric generators) is coaxially aligned with the pin 3.
  • This embodiment may be advantageously applied with reference to the floats pivotally hinged together and shown, for example in Figure 4, 4a.
  • the arm 2 is keyed onto the pin 3 which, by means of the freewheel 48 and the planetary overgear 43, transmits the rotation only in one direction to the generator
  • a flywheel 44 may be provided.
  • the right-hand part is similar, but with a freewheel 48' which transmits the rotation in a direction opposite to that of the freewheel 48 shown in the left-hand part. In this way one of the two electric generators make use of a clockwise rotation of the pin, while the other electric generator makes use of an anti-clockwise rotation of the pin.
  • gearing-up ratio of the two rotations may be modified using two different overgears.
  • Figures 13 and 14 show an element movable depending on the wave motion 49 and pivotally mounted on a base 50 secured to the seabed 13.
  • the movable element 49 is made in the form of a C with two arms 51 respectively pivotally mounted on the base 50 and a central portion 52 suitable for opposing the wave motion.
  • the pin 3 on which the movable element 49 is keyed is in line with an electric generator 14 for example by means of the freewheel 53 and overgear 54.
  • Figure 15 shows a possible embodiment of the device according to the invention in which means for restricting access to the inside of the frame 4 are provided.
  • At least one fixed screen 55 is integral with the frame 4 and at least one movable screen 56 is integral with the float 1 or generally with the movable element depending on the wave motion.
  • the said screens may be rotated relative to each other, thereby restricting access to the inside of the frame 4.
  • a completely lowered position of the float such as that shown for example in Figure
  • the two screens have respective superimposed portions 57 so that the opening 58 inside which the movable element moves (oscillation of the arm 2) is not accessible.
  • Figures 16 and 17 show a device which comprises two or more floats 1 pivotally mounted on a frame 4.
  • the transmission of the movement from the pin 3 to the first and second shafts 18, 19 may be realized in accordance with one of the previously illustrated embodiments.
  • a third and fourth shaft 59, 60 which are connected by means of a roller chain 61 or other similar transmissions (crown wheels, toothed belts, etc.) are provided.
  • the electric generators 14 are connected to the third and fourth shafts via freewheels arranged in between.
  • This solution is particularly suitable for use on piers or breakwaters of a port equipped to produce electric energy from wave motion, by modulating the production of energy depending on the requirements and/or depending on the power transmitted by the waves.
  • Figures 18 and 19 show a possible embodiment of the mechanical transmission for example arranged between the pin 3 / arm 2 and the first shaft 18.
  • a rack 62 is pivotally mounted on the arm 2 by means of a pin 63.
  • a sealed box 64 houses the rack 62, or at least its toothed portion, and a gearwheel 65 keyed onto the first shaft 18.
  • 66 denotes at least one opposition roller which keeps the rack correctly meshed with the gearwheel.
  • Figure 20 shows a possible variant in which the movable element is designed for example in the form of a blade 67 pivotally mounted on a frame 4.
  • the mechanical transmission also has a number of differences and comprises a sawtooth transmission able to make use of the movement of the blade 67 in both directions, transmitting a one-way rotation to the first shaft 18.
  • the mechanical transmission is shown in more detail in Figures 21 and 22.
  • a first rod 68 and a second rod 69 are pivotally mounted, respectively, at 70 and 71, on the arm 2 integral with the blade 67.
  • Each rod comprises a set of sawteeth, the two sets of sawteeth preferably facing each other.
  • the teeth of the first rod 68 is arranged overturned with respect to the teeth of the second rod 69.
  • a gearwheel 72 keyed onto the first shaft 18 is arranged between the two rods.
  • Resilient means 73 for example a spring, join together the two free ends of the rods so as to maintain correct meshing with the gearwheel.
  • the anti-clockwise rotation of the blade 67 and of the arm 2 causes raising of the rods.
  • the first rod 68 meshes with the gearwheel 72, causing it to rotate in the clockwise direction.
  • the second rod travels along the gearwheel.
  • the clockwise rotation of the blade 67 and the arm 2 causes lowering of the rods.
  • the second rod 69 meshes with the gearwheel 72, causing it to rotate in the clockwise direction.
  • the first rod 68 travels along the gearwheel.
  • the first rod 68 is situated at a distance from the pin 3 less than the distance at which the second rod 60 is located. This difference produces a difference in the relative gearing-up ratio of the clockwise rotation and the anti-clockwise rotation of the blade.
  • Figure 23 is a front view of the sawtooth transmission showing the pin 3, the arm 2, the pin 70 on which the first rod 68 is pivotally mounted, the gearwheel 72, the resilient means 73, and the first shaft 18 on which the gearwheel 72 is keyed.
  • the electric generator 14 is arranged in line with the first shaft 18.
  • the first shaft 18 transmits its rotation in one direction only to a planetary overgear 43 arranged between the first shaft 18 and the electric generator 14.
  • a flywheel 44 may be provided.
  • Figure 24 shows a possible variant of Figure 23 in which, in addition to the first sawtooth transmission, a second gearing transmission is provided.
  • the two rods (the first one of which has been shown) transmit a rotation in one direction only to the gearwheel 72 and to the first shaft 18.
  • a gearing 74 comprises a first gearwheel 75 and a second gearwheel 76 transmits the rotation to the second shaft 21 preferably applying a gearing-up ratio.
  • a coupling 77 is arranged between the second shaft 21 and the rotor 42 of the electric generator 14.
  • Figure 25 is a partly sectioned top plan view of the sawtooth transmission showing the pin 3, the arm 2, the first shaft 18, the gearwheel 72, the first rod 68 and the second rod 69.
  • Figure 26 shows schematically the components of a possible embodiment of the device according to the present invention which envisages the sawtooth transmission in combination with a float 1.
  • the arm 2 is pivotally mounted at 3 on the frame 4.
  • the first rod 68 and the second rod 69 are pivotally mounted at 70 and 71, respectively, on the arm 2.
  • the resilient means 73 ensure meshing together of the two rods and the gearwheel 72 keyed onto the first shaft 18.
  • the transmission between the first shaft 18 in the second shaft 21 may be realized by means of the gearing 74 or the gear train which increases the gearing-up ratio thereof.
  • the device according to the present invention may be realized in different forms by modifying one or more of the elements described with reference to the accompanying figures.
  • the mechanical transmission comprises at least one freewheel and/or a sawtooth transmission and/or other mechanical transmissions able tor convert the movement of the movable element into a one-way rotation of the electric generator rotor, making use of the movement of the movable element in one or both directions.
  • the mechanical transmission may comprise at least one gearing-up mode provided by means of ratios inside the mechanical transmission and/or by means of an overgear preferably of the planetary type for example keyed onto the rotor of the electric generator.
  • Advantageously means may be provided for differentiating the gearing-up ratio in the two directions of movement of the movable element. More particularly, the movement of the movable element in one direction, for example during the upward movement shown in the example of Figure 5, may be transmitted with a gearing-up ratio greater than the gearing-up ratio provided during the movement of the movable element in the other direction.
  • the primary transmission and the secondary transmission may be designed so as to differentiate and/or modify the relative gearing-up ratio for raising and lowering of the float. It is thus possible to optimize use of the energy available during raising and lowering of the float 1, respectively, or during the forward and return movement of the central portion 52 in the example of Figure 13 or of the blade element 67 in the example of Figure 20.
  • the mechanical transmission may comprise a first rod 16 or link and a second rod 17 preferably in the form of a fork, and/or at least one gearing preferably a train of gears, and/or at least one rack 62 and/or at least one sawtooth transmission and/or at least one flywheel 44.
  • the mechanical transmission is housed inside the frame 4 of the relative reference system.
  • One or more movable elements may be provided both in the form of a float and in any other form.
  • the device according to the present invention makes use of the alternate movement in both directions of the movable element, preferably its alternate rotation about a pin.
  • relative reference system indicates a reference system with respect to which the movable element moves (rotates), for example a movable reference system (floating breakwater) or a fixed reference system (coast, wharf, pier).

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
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  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
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Abstract

A device for generating electric energy from wave motion comprises at least one element or float (1) movable depending on the wave motion with respect to a relative reference system and at least one electric generator (14) which can be connected to an electric line. The movable element is subject to an alternate rotation. A mechanical transmission is operatively arranged between the movable element (1) and a rotor (42) of the electric generator (14). This mechanical transmission is able to convert the movement of the movable element into a one¬ way rotation of the generator rotor. This mechanical transmission is exclusively arranged between the movable element (1) and the rotor (42) of the electric generator (14).

Description

Description
A device for generating electric energy from the wave-motion Technical field
The present invention relates to a device for generating electric energy from wave motion.
It is known to provide devices for generating electric energy from wave motion of the sea or other water basins of suitable size, comprising at least one float associated with one or more master cylinders which, by taking advantage of the relative movement of the float, pump pressurised oil and cause rotation of a hydraulic motor which transmits the rotation to an electric generator.
Background art
The use of hydraulic systems in the known devices greatly limits the energy efficiency, such that it is no longer advantageous to bear the costs for the materials and for installation of the device.
US 5,461,862 illustrates an example of a device where it is attempted to limit the abovementioned drawback. The final result is, however, not satisfactory since the efficiency is in any case limited by the presence of hydraulic devices.
Disclosure of the Invention
In this connection, the technical task forming the basis of the present invention is to propose a device for generating electric energy from wave motion which overcomes the above-mentioned drawbacks of the prior art.
In particular, an object of the present invention is to provide a device for generating electric energy from wave motion, able to achieve a greater efficiency, such as to justify the effort required for production, installation and maintenance of this device.
A further object of the present invention is to propose a device for generating electric energy from wave motion, which is simplified and which has small dimensions, is easy to install and can be used in numerous embodiments in order to adapt to the different configurations of the coast or the open sea.
The technical task mentioned and the objects specified are substantially achieved by a device for generating electric energy from wave motion, comprising the technical features described in one or more of the accompanying claims. Brief description of the Drawings
Further characteristic features and advantages of the present invention will emerge more clearly from the description, provided by way of a non-limiting example, of a preferred, but not exclusive embodiment of a device for generating electric energy from wave motion, as illustrated in the accompanying drawings in which:
- Figures 1-3 are schematic cross-sectional views of a device for generating electric energy from wave motion according to respective embodiments;
- Figure 4 is a schematic side view of a device for generating electric energy from wave motion according to a possible embodiment;
- Figure 4a is a schematic top plan and partially sectioned view (in the direction of the arrow A of Figure 4) of the device for generating electric energy from wave motion according to Figure 4;
- Figure 5 is a schematic cross- sectional view of a device for generating electric energy from wave motion, comprising two possible embodiments;
- Figure 6 is a partly sectioned schematic view of a device for generating electric energy from wave motion according to a possible embodiment (the parts shown in broken lines illustrate simultaneously two possible embodiments shown in detail in the following drawings);
- Figures 7-9 are schematic cross-sectional views, from the side, front and top, respectively, of portion of a device for generating electric energy from wave motion according to a possible embodiment;
- Figure 10 is a schematic front sectioned view of a portion of a device for generating electric energy from wave motion according to a possible embodiment;
- Figure 11 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a portion of a device for generating electric energy from wave motion according to a possible embodiment;
- Figure 12 is a schematic partly sectioned view of a portion of a device for generating electric energy from wave motion according to a possible embodiment;
- Figures 13 and 14 are schematic cross- sectional views, from the side and top, respectively, of a portion of a device for generating electric energy from wave motion according to a possible embodiment;
- Figure 15 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a device for generating electric energy from wave motion according to a possible embodiment;
- Figure 16 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a device for generating electric energy from wave motion according to a possible embodiment;
- Figure 17 is a top plan view of the device according to Figure 16;
- Figures 18 and 19 show schematic cross-sectional views, from the side and front, respectively, (view A in Figure 18), of a device for generating electric energy from wave motion according to a possible embodiment;
- Figure 20 shows a schematic side view of a device for generating electric energy from wave motion according to a possible embodiment;
- Figure 21 shows a detail, on a larger scale, of Figure 20;
- Figure 22 shows a detail, on a larger scale, of Figure 21;
- Figure 23 shows a schematic, partly sectioned, front view of a portion of a device for generating electric energy from wave motion according to a possible embodiment;
- Figure 24 shows a possible variation of embodiment of the portion of the device according to Figure 23;
- Figure 25 shows a partly sectioned, schematic, top plan view of the portion of the device according to Figure 23;
- Figure 26 shows a schematic exploded view of the components of a device for generating electric energy from wave motion according to a possible embodiment.
Detailed Description of Preferred Examples of Embodiment
Figures 1-4 show some possible applications and embodiments of a device for generating electric energy from wave motion of the sea, ocean or other water basin, according to the present invention.
Figure 1 shows an element movable by the action of the wave motion, for example a float 1 connected to an arm 2 pivotally mounted by means of a pin 3 on a frame 4 of a floating breakwater 4a. The floating breakwater defines a relative reference system with respect to which the float moves, depending on the wave motion.
Preferably the floating breakwater 4a comprises a surface 5 extending below the float 1. In particular, the surface 5 is arranged inclined with respect to a floating line G. The presence of the surface 5 is optional with the aim of recreating the wave motion conditions on the seabed, which are particularly advantageous for obtaining electric energy. In fact, when the wave encounters the seabed, the high volume of water which forms the wave moves horizontally.
The surface 5 may be applied to any embodiment in particular in the case where the float is at a distance from the seabed. In general terms, the surface 5 is associated with the relative reference system.
With reference to Figure 1, the wave motion causes the alternate rotation R of the float 1 and the arm 2 about the associated pin 3. This rotation is used in order to produce electric energy by means of an electric generator, of which, in Figure 1, only the electrical connection 6 to an electric line outside the device is visible.
Floating of the breakwater allows the relative position of the pin 3 with 5 respect to the floating line G to be kept constant in response to the variations of the tide.
Figure 2 shows a movable element, for example a float 1, with an arm 2 connected by means of pin 3 to the coast or to a pier 7 for example by means of the frame 4. In this case the relative reference system is a fixed reference system. o Means are provided for restricting the movement, in particular the rotation, of the float 1. Preferably, a lower end-of-stroke stop 8 and upper end-of-stroke stop 9 are provided for limiting the angle of alternate rotation of the float and the associated arm in the event of rough seas. In the application shown in Figure 2 it is possible to make use directly of the action of the seabed.
5 The end-of-stroke stops may be applied to any embodiment, for example those shown in the accompanying figures. Advantageously, the end-of-stroke stops, in particular the upper end-of-stroke stop, may be designed so as to store energy during the movement of the movable element in one direction and release it during the movement in the opposite direction.
o With reference to Figure 2, the wave motion causes the alternate rotation R of the float 1 and the arm 2 about the associated pin 3 until the upper end-of- stroke stop or lower end-of-stroke stop is reached.
Figure 3 shows a movable element, for example a float 1, having a form different from that of the floats shown in Figures 1 and 2. The arm 2 of the float is 5 connected, for example, to a frame 4 of a pier 10 by means of a pin 3. In Figure 3 also the relative reference system is fixed. The floating line G in most conditions is situated below the pin 3.
Preferably a counterweight 11 is provided. The counterweight is optional and may be applied to any other embodiment, for example those shown in the0 accompanying figures. The end-of-stroke stops shown in Figure 2 may also be applied to the embodiment of Figure 3.
The wave motion causes the alternate rotation R of the float 1 and the arm 2 about the associated pin 3.
Figures 4 and 4a show another possible example of the device according to5 the present invention. Two or more movable elements in the form of floats 1 are pivotally joined together by means of pins 3 and are arranged along the floating line G. The floats are moored for example by means of a chain 12 to the seabed 13. The relative reference system of one float is defined by the adjacent float.
The wave motion causes the relative alternate rotation R of two adjacent floats about the associated common pin 3. 6a and 6b denote electrical connections to the electric line. In particular, the electrical connections indicated by 6a are associated with respective electric generators 14, for example arranged in line with the pin 3, in particular with portions 3a and 3b of the pin 3 (see for example Figure 4a). The left-hand part of Figures 4 and 4a therefore illustrates a possible embodiment of the device according to the present invention in which the rotation of the float, in particular of the pin 3, is transmitted to an electric generator 14 by means of a transmission of the mechanical type. This mechanical transmission comprises a freewheel 15 for each generator, with opposing operation, namely being able to transmit to the respective electric generator 14 rotations in opposite directions to each other. The rotation of each rotor is one-way. For example, one freewheel is able to transmit a clockwise rotation of the pin (lowering of the pin in an absolute reference system), while the other freewheel is able to transmit an anti-clockwise rotation of the pin (raising of the pin in an absolute reference system). In the example shown, an electric generator makes use of a relative rotation of two adjacent floats corresponding to raising of the pin connecting together the two floats, while the other electric generator makes use of a relative rotation of two adjacent floats corresponding to a lowering of the pin connecting together the two floats. The freewheels 15 are arranged between each portion 3a, 3b of the pin 3 and a rotor of the associated electric generator 14 so as to disengage the relative movement of pin and rotor when a rotation equal to or greater than that of the rotor is not applied to the pin. In particular the freewheels allow the rotor to rotate always in the same direction so as to avoid inertia associated with reversal of the movement.
An overgear 15a, for example of the planetary type, may be provided, being arranged between the freewheel and the rotor of the corresponding electric generator.
The pin 3, and in particular each portion 3a, 3b thereof, is keyed onto one of the floats, while the electric generator 14 is housed inside the adjacent float. Preferably, one of the floats is designed in the form of a fork defining two arms 2.
Generally speaking, the device shown in the left-hand part of Figure 4 and 4a comprises two electric generators 14 arranged in line with the pin 3 of the movable element with the arrangement, in between, of at least one respective freewheel and/or other mechanical transmissions able to convert the alternate rotation of the movable element into a clockwise one-way rotation of the rotor of one of the electric generators 14 and into an anti-clockwise one-way rotation of the other electric generator 14 in order to make use of both directions of movement of the movable element.
Alternatively it is possible to provide a single electric generator arranged in line with the pin of the movable element with, arranged in between, at least one freewheel and/or mechanical transmissions able to convert the alternate rotation of the movable element into a one-way rotation of the rotor of the electric generator, making use of only one direction of relative rotation of two adjacent floats.
The electrical connection indicated by 6b is associated with an electric generator, not shown, arranged on an axis different from that of the pin 3, preferably an axis parallel to the pin 3. The right-hand part of Figures 4 and 4a therefore shows a possible embodiment of the device according to the present invention different from that shown in the left-hand part. The two embodiments are shown in the same device even though a device according to the present invention will contain preferably embodiments of the same type.
According to this embodiment, the mechanical transmission arranged between the movable element (float) and the electric generator comprises an arm 2 in the form of a fork associated with a float on which a first rod 16 or link is pivotally mounted. A second rod 17, for example in the form of a fork, is pivotally mounted on the first rod 16 and keyed onto a first shaft 18 mounted on a frame 4 of the float adjacent to that supporting the arm 2. 19 and 20 denote the respective pins connecting together the arm 2 and the first rod 16 and the first rod 16 and the second rod 17. The rotor of the electric generator may be connected, for example by means of a freewheel, to the first shaft 18 or to a second shaft 21. The transmission of the rotation between the first and second shafts is of the mechanical type and preferably produces gearing-up of the number of revolutions. The relative rotation of the floats may be exploited during raising and/or during lowering of the float. If necessary, two electric generators with associated freewheels (or similar devices) may be provided, where one generator makes use of the relative rotation in one direction and the other generator make use of the relative rotation in the opposition direction.
Figure 5 shows simultaneously two possible - preferably alternative - embodiments of means for restricting the movement, preferably the rotation, of the movable element (float). These means are preferably able to store energy during rotation of the float in one direction (preferably during raising) and release it during rotation of the float in the other direction (preferably during lowering). Generally speaking, these means are preferably able to store energy during movement of the movable element in one direction and to release it during movement in the other direction.
One of the two embodiments (right-hand part in Figure 5) shows at least one cylinder 22, for example a master cylinder able to oppose the movement of the movable element (rotation of the float 1). One cylinder may be arranged on one of the two sides of the pin 3 or two or more cylinders may be arranged on the same side of the pin 3 or on opposite sides as shown in Figure 5. The cylinder 22, in particular its stem, is pivotally mounted on the arm 2 of the float 1.
By connecting at least one cylinder 22 to a pneumatic storage chamber 23 for gas under pressure (nitrogen), energy is stored during the movement of the movable element in one direction (raising of the float) and is released during the movement of the movable element in the other direction (lowering of the float).
The other embodiment (left-hand part of Figure 5) comprises one or more weights 24 connected at different heights to a frame 25. In the example shown three weights able to be intercepted and raised in sequence by the movable element (float) during the movement in one direction, for example during raising, are provided. With reference to a float, interception of the weights increases sequentially the potential energy acquired by the float during raising. In the example shown the weights 24 are hung from the frame 25 via eyelets 26 which allow them to be displaced upwards.
A lower end-of-stroke stop 8 and upper end-of-stroke stop 9 may be provided for limiting the travel movement of the arm 2 or the float 1.
Figure 6 shows a further embodiment suitable for application to a movable element (for example a float) pivotally mounted on the coast or on a pier 7 (fixed reference system) where means for modifying the height of the pin 3 depending on the variation in height of the floating line G during the different phases of the tide are provided. In the example shown, a cylinder 27 is provided, for example a double-acting master cylinder arranged between the coast (or wharf or pier, or in general the fixed reference system) and the frame 4. M denotes the possible variation of the height of the floating line G depending on the tide and m denotes the possible variation in the height of the pin 3 due to the action of the cylinder 27. One or more cylinders may be provided.
The present invention relates generally to a device for generating electric energy from wave motion, comprising a mechanical transmission operatively arranged between an element movable depending on the wave motion (for example the float 1, the arm 2, the pin 3, or one of the other constructional forms illustrated below) and a rotor of an electric generator 14. The element is movable with respect to a relative reference system which may be of the movable type (floating breakwater, floats pivotally hinged in sequence) or of the fixed type (pier, coast, wharf).
Advantageously, exclusively a transmission of the mechanical type is operatively arranged between the movable element and the rotor of the electric generator, said transmission being directly connected to the movable element and the rotor itself in the absence of pumps and/or hydraulic motors able to convert the kinetic energy of the wave motion into rotational movement of the rotor.
For example the movable element is pivotally mounted via the pin 3 on the frame 4 of the relative reference system by means of the arm 2 and the mechanical transmission transmits the rotation of the pin 3 and/or the arm 2 to the rotor of the electric generator 14. The mechanical transmission may also be suitable for gearing up the movement of the movable element, for example the number of revolutions of the pin 3, so as to be adapted to the characteristics of the electric generator.
The mechanical transmission is preferably able to convert the alternating movement (preferably alternate rotation) of the movable element into a one-way rotation (or rotation in one direction) of the electric generator rotor.
The mechanical transmission and preferably also the electric generator may be housed inside the frame 4.
Figure 6 shows in broken lines two possible embodiments of the mechanical transmission, the reference numbers of which, although being shown in Figure 6, will be explained below. The two embodiments constitute alternatives to each other.
A first embodiment shown preliminarily in Figure 6 is illustrated in detail in Figures 7-9, where the alternate motion of the movable element (alternate rotation of the float 1 and the pin 3) is transmitted to the first shaft 18 by means of a first rod 16 or link pivotally mounted on the arm 2 and on the second rod 17 in turn pivotally mounted on the first rod 16 and keyed onto the first shaft 18. The second rod 17 is for example fork- shaped. 19 and 20 denote respectively pins connecting together the arm 2 and the first rod 16 and the first rod and the second rod 17.
The arm 2, the first rod 16 and the second rod 17 define a first transmission of the mechanical type operating between the float 1 and the first shaft 18. The first shaft 18 is subject to an alternate rotation in both directions. Moreover the first shaft 18 is subject to a rotation coinciding with that of the pin 3.
The alternate rotation of the first shaft 18 is transmitted to a rotor of an electric generator, not shown in Figures 7-9, so that the rotor rotates only in one direction (one-way rotation).
The embodiment shown in Figures 7-9 may be applied to any arrangement of the float, for example those shown in the accompanying figures, or of the movable element depending on the wave motion.
Preferably the rotation of the first shaft 18 is further transmitted, being geared up if necessary, to a second shaft, not shown in Figures 7-9, arranged between the first shaft 18 and the rotor of the electric generator. Alternatively, the rotation of the first shaft 18 is transmitted to the rotor of the electric generator preferably by means for converting the alternate movement (preferably alternate rotation) of the movable element into a rotation in one direction only of the electric generator rotor. An example of these means consists in a freewheel as shown in Figure 4a or the following figures.
An example of a mechanical transmission according to the present invention comprising a first shaft 18 and a second shaft 21 is shown in Figure 10. The first transmission operating between the float 1 (or the pin 3) and the first shaft 18 may be formed as shown in Figures 7-9 or as shown in Figure 10 by means of a gearing 28 comprising a first gearwheel 29 keyed onto the pin 3 and a second gearwheel 30 keyed onto the first shaft 18.
With reference to Figures 7-9, the first shaft 18 rotates in the same direction as the pin 3.
With reference to Figure 10, the first shaft 18 rotates in the opposite direction to that of the pin 3. The first gearing 28 defines a first transmission operating directly between the float 1 and the first shaft 18. The first and the second gearwheels 29, 30 may be designed to gear up the number of relative revolutions of the pin 3 and the first shaft 18.
A second mechanical transmission transmits the rotation from the first shaft 18 to the second shaft 21. In the example shown in Figure 10, the second mechanical transmission arranged between the first and second shafts comprises a primary transmission 31 able to transmit to the second shaft 21 a rotation in the same direction as that of the first shaft 18 and a secondary transmission 32 able to transmit to the second shaft 21 a rotation in the opposite direction to the rotation of the first shaft 18. The primary mechanical transmission and the secondary mechanical transmission operate selectively and alternately on the second shaft 21 so as to cause it to rotate always in the same direction. The primary mechanical transmission and the secondary mechanical transmission operate selectively on the same rotor. The secondary mechanical transmission 32 comprises a secondary gearing which is formed by a first secondary gearwheel 33 keyed onto the first shaft 18 and a second secondary gearwheel 34 connected to the second shaft 21 by means of a freewheel 35.
The secondary gearing may be designed to gear up the number of relative revolutions of the first shaft 18 and the second shaft 21. In the case of Figure 10 there is a double gearing-up performed by the gearing 28 and the secondary gearing.
The primary mechanical transmission 31 comprises a first and second primary gearing 36, 37 which are formed by a first primary gearwheel 38 keyed onto the first shaft 18, a second primary gearwheel 39 and a third primary gearwheel 40 which is connected to the second shaft 21 by means of a freewheel 41. The three gearwheels mesh in sequence.
The primary and secondary mechanical transmissions may be present simultaneously or one of the two may be optional. If the primary and secondary mechanical transmissions are simultaneously present, it is possible to make use of the movement of the movable element in both directions. If one of the two transmission is absent, it is possible to make use of only the raising movement or only the lowering movement of the float 1 in order to avoid reversals in the direction of the electric generator rotor.
The second mechanical transmission operates between the first shaft 18 and the second shaft 21 so that the second shaft 21 always rotates in the same direction. The two freewheels 35, 41 are able to transmit relative rotations of the associated gearwheel and the second shaft 21 in the same direction. With reference to Figure 10, when the arm 2 is raised the pin 3 performs an anticlockwise rotation (viewing the device in the direction of the arrow F). Consequently the first shaft 18 rotates in a clockwise direction. The second secondary gearwheel 34 rotates in an anti-clockwise direction, while the third primary gearwheel 40 rotates in the clockwise direction. The freewheel 35 corresponding to the second secondary gearwheel 34 is able to transmit the anticlockwise rotation to the rotor (indicated by the reference number 42) of the electric generator 14, while the freewheel 42 corresponding to the third primary gearwheel 40 is able to avoid the transmission of the clockwise rotation to the rotor.
When the arm 2 is lowered, the pin 3 performs a clockwise rotation
(viewing the device in the direction of the arrow F). Consequently the first shaft 18 rotates in an anti-clockwise direction. The second secondary gearwheel 34 rotates in a clockwise direction, while the third primary gearwheel 40 rotates in an anti-clockwise direction. The freewheel 35 corresponding to the second secondary gearwheel 34 is able to avoid the transmission of the clockwise rotation to the rotor, while the freewheel 41 corresponding to the third primary gearwheel 40 is to transmit the anti-clockwise rotation to the rotor.
The rotor always rotates in an anti-clockwise direction.
In general terms the present invention relates to a device for generating electric energy from wave motion, wherein the abovementioned mechanical transmission comprises at least the first shaft 18, preferably at least the first shaft 18 and the secondary shaft 21. Advantageously, the abovementioned mechanical transmission is able to convert the alternate movement of the movable element into a preferably geared-up rotation of the first shaft 18. The mechanical transmission is further able to transmit the rotation of the first shaft 18 to the rotor of the electric generator preferably via the second shaft 21 arranged in between. Advantageously the mechanical transmission may comprise a primary transmission 31, a secondary transmission 32 comprising a reversal of the movement with respect to the primary transmission 31, a freewheel 41 associated with the primary transmission 31 and a freewheel 35 associated with the secondary transmission 32. The two freewheels are designed to transmit to a single electric generator rotations in the same direction in order to make use of the movement of the movable element in both directions. Advantageously the primary transmission 31 and the secondary transmission 32 are designed so as to modify the gearing-up ratio in both directions of movement of the movable element.
With reference to Figure 10, 43 denotes an overgear, preferably of the planetary type, arranged for example between the second shaft 21 and the electric generator 14. The presence of the overgear 43 is optional, depending on the final gearing-up ratio which is to be obtained.
It is also possible to provide a flywheel 44 which is keyed onto the rotor of the electric generator 14.
The gearing 28 may be replaced by a gear train with the aim of increasing the gearing-up ratio. The planetary overgear may be eliminated and the flywheel may perform the function of a coupling between the second shaft 21 and the rotor 42.
Figure 11 shows a device according to the present invention which is conceptually similar to that shown in Figure 10. A first difference consists in the fork- shaped form of the arm 2, the flanges of which are keyed onto the pin 3. Moreover, the right-hand part of Figure 11 shows a possible embodiment in which the electric generator 14 is connected to the first shaft 18 for example by means of a freewheel 47 and a planetary overgear 43. The left-hand part of Figure 11 shows instead another possible arrangement of the electric generator 14 in which the flywheel 44 also performs the function of a coupling. The two embodiments shown simultaneously in Figure 11 constitute alternatives to each other.
Figure 12 shows a possible embodiment in which the rotor of the electric generator 14 (in the case of Figure 12 two electric generators) is coaxially aligned with the pin 3. This embodiment may be advantageously applied with reference to the floats pivotally hinged together and shown, for example in Figure 4, 4a. The arm 2 is keyed onto the pin 3 which, by means of the freewheel 48 and the planetary overgear 43, transmits the rotation only in one direction to the generator
14. A flywheel 44 may be provided. The right-hand part is similar, but with a freewheel 48' which transmits the rotation in a direction opposite to that of the freewheel 48 shown in the left-hand part. In this way one of the two electric generators make use of a clockwise rotation of the pin, while the other electric generator makes use of an anti-clockwise rotation of the pin.
In this case also the gearing-up ratio of the two rotations may be modified using two different overgears.
Figures 13 and 14 show an element movable depending on the wave motion 49 and pivotally mounted on a base 50 secured to the seabed 13. Preferably the movable element 49 is made in the form of a C with two arms 51 respectively pivotally mounted on the base 50 and a central portion 52 suitable for opposing the wave motion. The pin 3 on which the movable element 49 is keyed is in line with an electric generator 14 for example by means of the freewheel 53 and overgear 54.
Figure 15 shows a possible embodiment of the device according to the invention in which means for restricting access to the inside of the frame 4 are provided. At least one fixed screen 55 is integral with the frame 4 and at least one movable screen 56 is integral with the float 1 or generally with the movable element depending on the wave motion. Owing to the form of the two screens which is preferably that of a circle segment, the said screens may be rotated relative to each other, thereby restricting access to the inside of the frame 4. In a completely lowered position of the float, such as that shown for example in Figure
15, the two screens have respective superimposed portions 57 so that the opening 58 inside which the movable element moves (oscillation of the arm 2) is not accessible.
Figures 16 and 17 show a device which comprises two or more floats 1 pivotally mounted on a frame 4. The transmission of the movement from the pin 3 to the first and second shafts 18, 19 may be realized in accordance with one of the previously illustrated embodiments. Moreover, a third and fourth shaft 59, 60 which are connected by means of a roller chain 61 or other similar transmissions (crown wheels, toothed belts, etc.) are provided. The electric generators 14 are connected to the third and fourth shafts via freewheels arranged in between. This solution is particularly suitable for use on piers or breakwaters of a port equipped to produce electric energy from wave motion, by modulating the production of energy depending on the requirements and/or depending on the power transmitted by the waves.
Figures 18 and 19 show a possible embodiment of the mechanical transmission for example arranged between the pin 3 / arm 2 and the first shaft 18. A rack 62 is pivotally mounted on the arm 2 by means of a pin 63. A sealed box 64 houses the rack 62, or at least its toothed portion, and a gearwheel 65 keyed onto the first shaft 18. 66 denotes at least one opposition roller which keeps the rack correctly meshed with the gearwheel.
Figure 20 shows a possible variant in which the movable element is designed for example in the form of a blade 67 pivotally mounted on a frame 4. The mechanical transmission also has a number of differences and comprises a sawtooth transmission able to make use of the movement of the blade 67 in both directions, transmitting a one-way rotation to the first shaft 18. The mechanical transmission is shown in more detail in Figures 21 and 22.
A first rod 68 and a second rod 69 are pivotally mounted, respectively, at 70 and 71, on the arm 2 integral with the blade 67. Each rod comprises a set of sawteeth, the two sets of sawteeth preferably facing each other. The teeth of the first rod 68 is arranged overturned with respect to the teeth of the second rod 69. A gearwheel 72 keyed onto the first shaft 18 is arranged between the two rods. Resilient means 73, for example a spring, join together the two free ends of the rods so as to maintain correct meshing with the gearwheel.
As shown in Figure 22, the anti-clockwise rotation of the blade 67 and of the arm 2 causes raising of the rods. The first rod 68 meshes with the gearwheel 72, causing it to rotate in the clockwise direction. The second rod travels along the gearwheel. Then the clockwise rotation of the blade 67 and the arm 2 causes lowering of the rods. The second rod 69 meshes with the gearwheel 72, causing it to rotate in the clockwise direction. The first rod 68 travels along the gearwheel.
The first rod 68 is situated at a distance from the pin 3 less than the distance at which the second rod 60 is located. This difference produces a difference in the relative gearing-up ratio of the clockwise rotation and the anti-clockwise rotation of the blade.
Figure 23 is a front view of the sawtooth transmission showing the pin 3, the arm 2, the pin 70 on which the first rod 68 is pivotally mounted, the gearwheel 72, the resilient means 73, and the first shaft 18 on which the gearwheel 72 is keyed. In the example of Figure 23, the electric generator 14 is arranged in line with the first shaft 18. The first shaft 18 transmits its rotation in one direction only to a planetary overgear 43 arranged between the first shaft 18 and the electric generator 14. A flywheel 44 may be provided.
Figure 24 shows a possible variant of Figure 23 in which, in addition to the first sawtooth transmission, a second gearing transmission is provided. The two rods (the first one of which has been shown) transmit a rotation in one direction only to the gearwheel 72 and to the first shaft 18. A gearing 74 comprises a first gearwheel 75 and a second gearwheel 76 transmits the rotation to the second shaft 21 preferably applying a gearing-up ratio. A coupling 77 is arranged between the second shaft 21 and the rotor 42 of the electric generator 14.
Figure 25 is a partly sectioned top plan view of the sawtooth transmission showing the pin 3, the arm 2, the first shaft 18, the gearwheel 72, the first rod 68 and the second rod 69.
Figure 26 shows schematically the components of a possible embodiment of the device according to the present invention which envisages the sawtooth transmission in combination with a float 1. The arm 2 is pivotally mounted at 3 on the frame 4. The first rod 68 and the second rod 69 are pivotally mounted at 70 and 71, respectively, on the arm 2. The resilient means 73 ensure meshing together of the two rods and the gearwheel 72 keyed onto the first shaft 18. The transmission between the first shaft 18 in the second shaft 21 may be realized by means of the gearing 74 or the gear train which increases the gearing-up ratio thereof.
The device according to the present invention may be realized in different forms by modifying one or more of the elements described with reference to the accompanying figures. In addition to the variants already mentioned during the description, it may be generally envisaged that the mechanical transmission comprises at least one freewheel and/or a sawtooth transmission and/or other mechanical transmissions able tor convert the movement of the movable element into a one-way rotation of the electric generator rotor, making use of the movement of the movable element in one or both directions.
Advantageously the mechanical transmission may comprise at least one gearing-up mode provided by means of ratios inside the mechanical transmission and/or by means of an overgear preferably of the planetary type for example keyed onto the rotor of the electric generator.
Advantageously means may be provided for differentiating the gearing-up ratio in the two directions of movement of the movable element. More particularly, the movement of the movable element in one direction, for example during the upward movement shown in the example of Figure 5, may be transmitted with a gearing-up ratio greater than the gearing-up ratio provided during the movement of the movable element in the other direction.
The primary transmission and the secondary transmission may be designed so as to differentiate and/or modify the relative gearing-up ratio for raising and lowering of the float. It is thus possible to optimize use of the energy available during raising and lowering of the float 1, respectively, or during the forward and return movement of the central portion 52 in the example of Figure 13 or of the blade element 67 in the example of Figure 20.
Moreover, it is possible to envisage a single electric generator which makes use of one direction of movement of the movable element or makes use of both directions of movement of the movable element as, for example, shown in Figure 10 or 11. Alternatively, two electric generators each associated with a direction of movement of the movable element may be provided.
Moreover, in general terms, the mechanical transmission may comprise a first rod 16 or link and a second rod 17 preferably in the form of a fork, and/or at least one gearing preferably a train of gears, and/or at least one rack 62 and/or at least one sawtooth transmission and/or at least one flywheel 44. Preferably the mechanical transmission is housed inside the frame 4 of the relative reference system.
One or more movable elements may be provided both in the form of a float and in any other form.
In general terms, the device according to the present invention makes use of the alternate movement in both directions of the movable element, preferably its alternate rotation about a pin.
The term "relative reference system" indicates a reference system with respect to which the movable element moves (rotates), for example a movable reference system (floating breakwater) or a fixed reference system (coast, wharf, pier).

Claims

Claims
1. A device for generating electric energy from wave motion, comprising:
- at least one element (1, 49, 67) which is movable depending on the wave 5 motion with respect to a relative reference system,
- at least one electric generator (14) connectable to an electric line,
- a mechanical transmission operatively arranged between the movable element (1, 49, 67) and a rotor (42) of the electric generator (14), said mechanical transmission being adapted to convert the motion of the movable element into a o rotation of the rotor of the generator.
2. The device as claimed in claim 1, wherein said mechanical transmission is adapted to convert the motion of the movable element into a one-way rotation of the rotor of the generator and preferably comprises at least one freewheel (15; 35;5 41; 47; 48; 48'; 53) and/or a sawtooth transmission (68, 69, 72) and/or other mechanical transmissions adapted to convert the motion of the movable element (1, 49, 67) into a one-way rotation of the rotor (42) of the electric generator (14), by taking advantage of one or both of the movement directions of the movable element.
0
3. The device as claimed in one or more of the preceding claims, wherein said mechanical transmission comprises at least one gearing-up obtained by means of ratios internal to the mechanical transmission and/or by an overgear (15a; 43; 54) preferably of the planetary type for example keyed onto the rotor (42) of the 5 electric generator (14), in which preferably means are provided for mutually differentiating the gearing-up ratio in the two directions of movement of the movable element.
4. The device as claimed in one or more of the preceding claims, wherein said0 movable element is made in the form of a float (1) pivotally mounted on one or more adjacent floats or on a frame (4) of said relative reference system, or wherein said movable element (49) is pivotally mounted on a base (50) anchored to the seabed (13), or wherein said movable element is made in the form of a blade (67) pivotally mounted on a frame (4) of said relative reference system.5
5. The device as claimed in one or more of the preceding claims, wherein said movable element (1, 49, 67) is pivotally mounted by a pin (3) on a frame (4) of said relative reference system via an arm (2) and wherein said mechanical transmission transmits rotation of the pin (3) and/or the arm (2) to the rotor (42) of said electric generator (14).
6. The device as claimed in claim 5, wherein said rotor (42) of the electric generator (14) is coaxially in alignment with said pin (3) of the movable element (1, 49) preferably by the arrangement, in between, of at least one freewheel (15; 48; 53) and/or other mechanical transmissions adapted to convert the alternate rotation of the movable element (1, 49) into a one-way rotation of the rotor (42) of the electric generator (14), or wherein two electric generators (14) are arranged in line with said pin (3) of the movable element (1, 49) preferably by the arrangement, in between, of at least one respective freewheel (15; 48; 53) and/or other mechanical transmissions adapted to convert the alternate rotation of the movable element (1, 49) into a one-way clockwise rotation of the rotor (42) of one of the electric generators (14) and into a one-way anti-clockwise rotation of the rotor (42) of the other electric generator (14) so as to take advantage of both the directions of movement of the movable element.
7. The device as claimed in one or more of the preceding claims, wherein said mechanical transmission comprises at least a first shaft (18), preferably at least a first shaft (18) and a second shaft (21), wherein said mechanical transmission is adapted to convert the alternate movement of the movable element into a preferably geared-up rotation of the first shaft (18), wherein said mechanical transmission is further adapted to transmit the rotation of the first shaft (18) to the rotor (42) of the electric generator preferably by the arrangement, in between, of the second shaft (21), preferably wherein the mechanical transmission comprises a primary transmission (31), a secondary transmission (32) comprising a reversal of movement relative to the primary transmission (31), a freewheel (41) associated with the primary transmission (31) and a freewheel (35) associated with the secondary transmission (32), said freewheels being adapted to transmit rotations in the same direction to a single electric generator for taking advantage of the movement in both directions of the movable element, and preferably wherein the primary transmission (31) and the secondary transmission (32) are made such as to modify the gearing-up ratio in the two directions of movement of the movable element.
8. The device as claimed in claim 7, wherein said mechanical transmission comprises a first rod (16) or link and a second rod (17) preferably in the form of a fork, and/or at least one gear (28; 36; 37), preferably a train of gears, and/or at least one rack (62) and/or at least one sawtooth transmission and/or at least one flywheel (44), said mechanical transmission being preferably housed inside a 5 frame (4) of the relative reference system.
9. The device as claimed in one or more of the preceding claims, comprising means for restricting the movement, preferably the rotation, of the movable element (1, 49, 67), said means being preferably adapted to store energy during o the movement in one direction and to release it during the movement in the other direction, wherein said means preferably comprise at least one cylinder (22), a master cylinder for example, adapted to oppose the movement of the movable element (1, 49, 67) and preferably connected to a pneumatic storage chamber (23) for gas under pressure, or wherein said means comprise one or more weights (24)5 connected at different heights to a frame (25) and adapted to be sequentially intercepted by the movable element (1, 49, 67), or wherein said means comprise a lower (8) and/or an upper (9) end-of-stroke stop.
10. The device as claimed in one or more of the preceding claims, comprising a 0 surface (5) extending below the movable element (1, 49, 67), preferably the float
(1), said surface (5) being arranged inclined with respect to a floating line (G) for recreating the conditions of wave motion on the seabed, said surface (5) being associated with the relative reference system, preferably with a floating breakwater (4a).
5
11. The device as claimed in one or more of the preceding claims, comprising means for modifying the height of a pin (3) of the movable element (1, 49, 67) depending on the variation in height of a floating line (G) during the different phases of the tide, said means preferably comprising at least one cylinder (27), a0 double-acting master cylinder for example, arranged between a frame (4) on which the movable element (1, 49, 67) is pivotally mounted and the preferably fixed relative reference system.
12. The device as claimed in one or more of the preceding claims, comprising5 means for restricting the access to the inside of a frame (4) on which the movable element (1, 49, 67) is mounted, wherein said means preferably comprise at least one fixed screen (55) integral with the frame (4) and at least one movable screen (56) integral with the movable element (1, 49, 67), wherein respective superimposed portions (57) are provided for preventing the access to an opening (58) within which the movable element moves.
13. The device as claimed in one or more of the preceding claims, wherein said movable element (1, 49, 67) is subject to an alternate rotation and optionally comprises a counterweight (11).
14. The device as claimed in one or more of the preceding claims, wherein exclusively said mechanical transmission is arranged between the movable element (1, 49, 67) and the rotor (42) of the electric generator (14).
PCT/IB2010/055493 2010-01-28 2010-11-30 A device for generating electric energy from the wave-motion WO2011092555A2 (en)

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IT000119A ITMI20100119A1 (en) 2010-01-28 2010-01-28 DEVICE FOR GENERATING ELECTRIC ENERGY FROM WAVE MOTION
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GB2514756A (en) * 2013-03-24 2014-12-10 Shmuel Ovadia Ocean-wave energy conversion apparatus and float therefor
US9784238B2 (en) 2013-10-15 2017-10-10 Universiteit Gent Wave energy convertor
US9847697B2 (en) 2013-10-15 2017-12-19 Universiteit Gent Wave energy convertor
WO2019229290A1 (en) 2018-05-30 2019-12-05 Aw-Energy Oy Wave energy recovery apparatus with power-take-off arrangement

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HK1039717A2 (en) * 2001-12-19 2002-04-19 Wai Fong Lee A method and installation of power generation by ocean wave
CA2503607A1 (en) * 2005-04-11 2006-10-11 M. Mario Chiasson Apparatus for generating electric power using wave force
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DE102009022068A1 (en) * 2008-06-06 2009-12-10 Auge, Bernhard Arrangement for the indirect conversion of ocean wave energy into electrical energy

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Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2514756A (en) * 2013-03-24 2014-12-10 Shmuel Ovadia Ocean-wave energy conversion apparatus and float therefor
US9784238B2 (en) 2013-10-15 2017-10-10 Universiteit Gent Wave energy convertor
US9847697B2 (en) 2013-10-15 2017-12-19 Universiteit Gent Wave energy convertor
WO2019229290A1 (en) 2018-05-30 2019-12-05 Aw-Energy Oy Wave energy recovery apparatus with power-take-off arrangement
EP4112918A1 (en) 2018-05-30 2023-01-04 AW-Energy Oy Wave energy recovery apparatus with power-take-off arrangement
EP4112917A1 (en) 2018-05-30 2023-01-04 AW-Energy Oy Wave energy recovery apparatus with power-take-off arrangement

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