RU2395712C1 - Oscillating wind motor - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: power industry.

SUBSTANCE: wind motor includes racks, fixed platform and kinematically connected vertical shaft, rods with sprockets connected with a chain, flat blades rigidly installed on ends of rods and oriented in mutually perpendicular planes, assembly of changing the orientation and fixture of blade position, wind vane, as well as rotating platform, the second assembly of changing the orientation and fixture of blade position, assembly of conversion of oscillatory motion to rotational movement and assembly of rotation speed synchronisation, which interact with each other. Rods are hinged to vertical shaft along one vertical with possibility of free rotation; at that, assemblies of changing the orientation and fixture of blade position operating in turn interact with lower one of them. Rotating platform is installed on fixed platform with possibility of free oscillation within 90°.

EFFECT: simplifying wind motor design and increasing efficiency.

6 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of renewable energy sources, namely to wind energy devices.

Known wind turbine with a vertical shaft and flat blades, the orientation of which varies depending on the direction of the wind [RU 2046208 C1, F03B 17/06, 20.10.1995].

To change the orientation of the blades, a disk with a profile surface kinematically connected with a weather vane is used. The blades have horizontal axes of rotation, in the root part of which there are rollers that interact with the profile surface of the disk and change the orientation of the blades. The blades, which create a positive moment of rotation on the vertical output shaft, are oriented perpendicular to the wind. The remaining blades take a horizontal position and do not interfere with the rotation of the wind wheel.

The known wind turbine has a complex structure and it does not provide for synchronization of the speed of rotation of the output shaft when the wind speed changes.

Also known is a wind turbine [RU 2151322 C1, F03D 3/00, 06/20/2000], which provides for the synchronization of the speed of rotation of the output shaft, which can be specified as a prototype of this technical solution.

In the prototype, the height of the profile disk changes depending on the wind speed and regulates the effective area of the blade. The higher the wind speed, the smaller the effective area of the blades. In this case, the blades are installed at an angle to the horizontal plane.

The disadvantage of the prototype is the complexity of the design of the wind turbine, associated with the complexity of the design of the site of interaction of the wind vane with the profile disc and changes in the effective area of the blades, as well as low efficiency associated with a sinusoidal change in the length of the lever.

Also known is Aliyev’s wind turbine [RU 2224135 C1, F03D 5/00, 02/20/2004], which can be specified as a prototype of the fourth version of the energy converter. The prototype contains flat blades interacting with a conical weather vane mounted in the center of the wind turbine. The blades creating a positive moment of rotation on the output shaft are automatically oriented perpendicular to the direction of the wind and maintain this orientation throughout the active section of the path of rotation of the blades. In the passive section of the trajectory of rotation of the blade are oriented along the direction of the wind.

However, the prototype has a complex structure and low efficiency, due to the fact that the active section of the trajectory of rotation of the blade is only 90 ° -120 °.

The technical task of this invention is to simplify the design of the energy Converter (wind turbine) and increase efficiency.

This technical problem is solved by developing a fundamentally new design of an oscillating wind turbine, which contains racks, a fixed platform and kinematically connected vertical shaft, flat blades, a unit for changing the orientation and fixing the position of the blades, a weather vane, and also an additionally rotating platform interacting with each other, a second change unit orientation and fixing the position of the blades, the first, second and third rods with stars, connected by a chain, a unit for converting oscillatory motion into atelnoe and speed synchronization assembly and rotation. In this case, the first and second nodes of changing the orientation and fixing the position of the blades interact with the first rod, and the rod is pivotally mounted in a vertical shaft along one vertical with the possibility of free rotation. In addition, at the ends of the rods, the first and second flat blades are fixed, oriented in mutually perpendicular planes. In this case, the rotary platform is mounted on a fixed platform with the possibility of free oscillation within 90 °.

Each of the nodes for changing the orientation and fixing the position of the blades mounted on the first rod consists of plates interacting with each other, a dog, a locking ring with two ratchet protrusions, a twist spring, an overrunning clutch, on the clip of which a star is mounted motionless with the segment chain, fixed on a rotary platform. The first and second stops are also installed on the turntable, interacting with the corresponding dogs pivotally mounted on plane-parallel plates fixedly connected to the vertical shaft. In addition, the locking ring is fixedly connected to the rod and through the twist spring interacts with the hub of the overrunning clutch, which rotates freely on the rod.

The unit for converting oscillatory motion into rotational comprises a housing, first, second and third bevel gears, first and second overrunning clutches and a shaft. At the same time, the hubs of the first and second overrunning clutches are fixedly mounted on the output shaft, on the clips of which the corresponding driven bevel gears are fixedly fixed, interacting from diametrically opposite sides with the third leading bevel gear fixedly installed in the end of the vertical shaft. In this case, the first and second overrunning clutches are installed so that when the vertical shaft oscillates in either direction, they enter the clutch in turn.

The first version of the synchronization unit consists of the right and left parts, each of which contains a locking ring interacting with each other with two ratchet protrusions, a retractable spring-loaded dog, the lever of which interacts with the corresponding stop. In this case, a conical weather vane mounted on a horizontal lever with the possibility of free longitudinal movement through a cable interacts with a retractable dog.

The second version of the synchronization unit contains a second rotary platform mounted on the first rotary platform with the possibility of relative rotation of 90 °. In this case, the second rotary platform through the promotion spring interacts with the first rotary platform, and through the cable thrown over the block, with a conical weather vane. In addition, the chain chains and stops are mounted on the second turntable.

Figure 1 presents a side view of the design of an oscillating wind turbine, where

1 - racks;

2 - fixed platform;

3 - rotary platform;

4 - vertical shaft;

5 - the first (lower) bar;

6, 7 - the second and third rods;

8, 9 - right and left blades;

10 - third stars;

11 - chain;

12, 13 - the first (right) and second (left) nodes change the orientation and fixation of the position of the blades;

14 - node conversion of the oscillatory motion into rotational, which consists of 15, 16, 17 - the third, first, second bevel gears;

18, 19 - the first and second overrunning clutches;

20 - output shaft;

21 - case;

22 - angular contact bearing;

23 - a cover;

figure 2 presents a view A (top) of the design of an oscillating wind turbine, where positions 1-13 are the same as in figure 1;

24, 25 - the first and second stars;

26, 27 - the third and fourth overrunning clutches;

28, 29 - the third and second spin springs;

30 - plane-parallel plates;

31 - dogs;

32, 33 - the first and second locking rings;

34 - emphasis;

35, 36 - the first and second segment chains;

37 - pyramidal weather vane;

38 - wind vane lever;

39, 40 - persistent rings;

41 - cables;

42 - the third spring;

figure 3 presents the design of the synchronization unit based on the regulation of the angular position of the blades, where positions 32-34 are the same as in figure 2;

43 - the first retractable dog;

44 - lever dog;

45 - the fourth spring;

46 - block;

47 - spring dog;

figure 4 presents the design of the synchronization unit based on the regulation of the length of the lever R, where positions 1-36 are the same as in figure 1 and figure 2;

48 - the second rotary platform;

49 - fifth spring;

50 - the third cable;

51 - block.

The principle of operation of an oscillating wind turbine, the design of which is presented in figure 1 and figure 2, is as follows.

With the help of inclined racks 1, the fixed platform 2 rises to the required height to ensure the safety of the wind turbine and where the wind speed is high enough. A rotary horizontal platform 3 is mounted above the fixed platform with the possibility of free rotation in the range from 0 to ± 180 °. This platform is fixedly connected with a conical weather vane and changes its position depending on the direction of the wind. The rotary platform is pivotally connected to the vertical shaft 4. The vertical shaft is connected through the angular contact bearings 22 to the rotary platform 3 and the unit for converting the vibrational motion into rotational 14. The vertical shaft has the possibility of oscillatory motion relative to the rotary platform 3 within 90 °. Through the vertical shaft 4 passes through the lower rod 5, as well as the second 6 and third 7 rods. The rods are made in the form of a pipe and are installed along one vertical with the possibility of free rotation around their own axes. At the ends of the rods, the right 8 and left 9 flat blades are fixedly fixed. In this case, the planes of the right and left blades are mutually perpendicular. When the right blades 8 are oriented vertically, the left blades 9 are oriented horizontally and vice versa (see figure 1). After half a period of oscillation of the rods, the orientation of the blades changes. The horizontal blades 9 become in the vertical position, and the vertical blades 8 - in the horizontal position. A synchronous change in the orientation of the blades 8 and 9 is carried out using the third stars 10 and the chain link 11 between them. The third stars are fixedly mounted on the rods 5, 6, 7. A change in the orientation of the lower blades leads to a simultaneous change in the orientation of the upper blades mounted on the second 6 and third 7 rods. The orientation of the blades mounted on the first rod 5 is changed using the first 12 and second 13 nodes of changing the orientation and fixing the position of the blades (see figure 2 and figure 3).

The lower end of the vertical shaft 4 is pivotally coupled and interacts with the node for converting the oscillatory movement of the vertical shaft into the rotational movement of the output shaft 20. The angular contact bearing 22 mounted in the cover 23 of the node for converting the movement 14, centers and holds the shaft in a vertical position. A leading (third) bevel gear 17 is fixedly mounted on the lower end of the vertical shaft.

The output shaft 20 of the wind turbine horizontally passes through the side faces of the rectangular housing 21 of the motion transducer 14. Hubs of the first 18 and second 19 overrunning clutches are fixedly mounted on the output shaft. Corresponding driven bevel gears 15, 16 are fixedly fixed on the clips of these couplings. These gears engage with the driven bevel gear 17 from diametrically opposite sides. In addition, the first 18 and second 19 overrunning clutches are mounted on the output shaft 20 so that they enter the clutch in turn when the shaft oscillates in either direction.

When the right blades 8 are in a vertical position, the vertical shaft rotates 90 ° counterclockwise. In this case, the first overrunning clutch enters the clutch 18. The interaction of the bevel gear 17 with the first driven bevel gear rotates the output shaft clockwise. At this time, the yoke of the second overrunning clutch 19 and the associated second bevel gear 16 idle clockwise.

After half a period, the orientation of the flat blades 8 and 9 is reversed. This causes the vertical shaft to rotate clockwise 90 °. In this case, the second overrunning clutch 19 enters the clutch. The interaction of the driving bevel gear 17 with the second driven bevel gear leads to the rotation of the output shaft 20 also clockwise. At this time, the first overrunning clutch 18 is out of engagement and the first bevel gear rotates idle counterclockwise. Thus, the oscillatory movement of the vertical shaft is converted into a rotational movement of the output shaft clockwise.

Figure 2 presents a view And figure 1 on the design of an oscillating wind turbine.

The first (right) 12 and second (left) 13 nodes for changing the orientation and fixing the position of the blades are mounted on the first (lower) rod 5 symmetrically from both sides of the vertical shaft 4.

The nodes of the change in the orientation of the blades 12 and 13 have the same design and function in turn. They contain plane-parallel plates 30, fixedly connected on both sides with a vertical shaft 4. The first rod 5 freely passes through the plates. Moreover, each node 12 (13) contains a dog 31 that interacts with the corresponding locking ring 32 (33), which is fixedly mounted on the first the rod 5. In addition, the first and second nodes of the change in the orientation of the blades contain the corresponding spin springs 28 and 29 and the stars 24 and 25 mounted on the clips of the third 26 and fourth 27 overrunning clutches, respectively. Moreover, overrunning clutches enter the clutch in turn. The hubs of the overrunning clutches 26 and 27 rotate freely on the first rod 5 and interact with the first 28 and second 29 spin springs, respectively. The root ends of these springs are connected with the corresponding locking rings 32 and 33. The locking rings have two ratchet protrusions located on diametrically opposite sides. At the same time, the locking rings 32 and 33 are fixedly mounted on the rod 5 so that the ratchet protrusions are angled 90 ° relative to each other. The ratchet protrusions of the locking rings 32 and 33 in turn enter into engagement with the corresponding spring-loaded dogs 31 and fix their angular position through each rotation of the rod and 90 ° around its own axis.

The first 24 and second 25 stars, fixedly mounted on the clips of the third 26 and fourth 27 overrunning clutches, interact with the corresponding segment chains 35 and 36. The segment chains are fixed motionless on the rotary platform 3 along a circular segment occupying 90 ° from two diametrically opposite sides.

With the wind direction specified in FIG. 2, under its influence on the right blades 8, the vertical shaft 4 rotates 90 ° counterclockwise. In this case, the third overrunning clutch 26 enters the clutch. The first star 24, mounted on the clip of the third overrunning clutch, interacts with the first segment chain 35. As a result, the first spring 28 twists through 90 ° and accumulates energy. After the shaft 4 is rotated 90 °, the dog 31 engages with the stop 34. As a result, the dog disengages from the ratchet protrusion of the first locking ring 32, after which the twisted first spring 28 rotates the first fixed ring 32 and the first rod 5 connected thereto clockwise 90 °. At the end of such a turn, the ratchet protrusion of the second locking ring 33 engages with the corresponding dog 31 and fixes the angular position of the blades 8 and 9. Now the left blades 9 become vertical. Under the influence of the wind on the left blades, the vertical shaft rotates in a clockwise direction - clockwise arrow. The fourth overrunning clutch 27 now enters the clutch. The second sprocket 25, mounted on the yoke of the fourth overrunning clutch, engages with the second segment chain 36 and spins the second spring 29 also 90 ° clockwise. The second spring should have a left twist, and the first - right. At this time, the third overrunning clutch 26 is released from the clutch and the first star 24 rotates idle counterclockwise and returns to its original position. After twisting the second spring through 90 °, the dog of the second node 13 encounters a corresponding stop 34. When the second dog leaves the clutch with the ratchet protrusion of the second retaining ring 33, the twisted second spring 29 rotates the second ring 33 and the first rod 5 connected to it by 90 ° clockwise arrow, after which there is a fixation of the angular position of the rod 5 with a ratchet protrusion of the first locking ring 32, which enters into engagement with the first dog 31.

Thus, the alternate interaction of the nodes of changing the orientation and fixing the position of the blades 12 and 13 with the corresponding segment chains 35 and 36 leads to the rotation of the first rod clockwise, as well as to the oscillation of the vertical shaft 4 in both directions within 90 °. Moreover, fluctuations occur within an angle of ± 45 ° from the position where the moment on the shaft is maximum. The maximum moment corresponds to the perpendicular position of the plane of the blades to the direction of the wind.

The average moment on the shaft with rod vibrations within ± 45 ° is 0.9P · S · R, where P is the wind force, S is the area of the blade, R is the distance from the axis of the vertical shaft to the center of the blade.

Compared with the prototype, the moment on the shaft in an oscillating wind turbine with the equality of P, R and S increases by 3 times. Thus, the efficiency of the wind turbine is significantly increased and its material consumption and cost are reduced. To change the orientation of the rods 5-7 when measuring the direction of the wind, a flat weather vane can be used, the lever 38 of which is fixedly connected with the rotary platform 3 in the radial direction.

To automatically adjust the speed of rotation of the output shaft 20 of the wind turbine, it is necessary to use a conical or pyramidal weather vane 37. The weather vane must be truncated. The wind pressure on the lateral surface of the truncated weather vane leads to its movement along the horizontal lever 38. The linear movement of the weather vane is set using restriction rings 39 and 40. The parameters of the third spring 42 (length, stiffness) are determined by the wind speed, within the limits of which rotation speed is synchronized output shaft 20 of the wind turbine. To adjust the torque created by the wind on flat blades, a synchronization unit is used, based on the adjustment of the angular position of the blades (see Fig. 3), or a synchronization unit, based on the adjustment of the lever length (see Fig. 4).

In the first embodiment of the synchronization unit (Fig. 3), the torque of the output shaft is adjusted by changing the effective area of the blades - S. With increasing wind speed, the effective area of the blades should decrease.

In the second embodiment of the assembly (Fig. 4), the lever length and the effective area of the blades S are used to adjust the moment of rotation of the vertical shaft, the greater the wind speed, i.e. the pressure P, the smaller the length of the lever R and the effective area of the blades S.

In the design of the assembly shown in FIG. 3, a change in the effective area of the blades S is achieved by changing the angle of inclination of the plane of the blades relative to the horizontal and vertical. Changing the angle of inclination of the blades is carried out by measuring the angular position of the dog 31. For this purpose, the design of the dog is complicated. The head of the first retractable dog 43 has an arcuate shape and moves in a circle in the range from 0 to 45 degrees. In light winds, when the conical weather vane is pressed under the influence of the spring 42 to the restrictive ring 39, the cable 41 is in a free state. Under the influence of the fourth spring 45 installed in the internal cavity of the hollow lever of the dog 44, the head of the retractable dog 43 is in its highest position. With this position of the dog, the right blades 8 take a vertical, and the left 9 - a horizontal position.

When the wind speed increases, the conical weather vane 37 moves along the horizontal lever 38 and pulls the cable 41, thrown over the block 46. The end of the cable is connected to the sliding dog 43. In this case, the head of the dog lowers and takes a new angular position. The higher the wind speed, the lower the dog’s head drops. The ratchet protrusions of the retaining ring 32, as well as the blades 8 and 9 connected stationary through the first rod 5, occupy a new angular position relative to the vertical and horizontal. The effective area of the right blades 8, creating a positive moment on the shaft 4, is reduced. Left blades 9, mounted at an angle to the horizontal, create a negative moment on the shaft. This leads to a decrease in the rotation speed of the vertical shaft 4, and hence the output shaft 20 of the wind turbine.

The fourth spring 45 ensures that the tip of the retractable dog is pressed against the profile surface of the retaining ring 32. The spring of the dog 47 of the right orientation changing unit has a left twist and the left one has a right twist. Block 46 is mounted coaxially with the axis of oscillation of the dog, on which the spring of the dog 47 is mounted.

The lever of the dog 44 at the end of the angular oscillations of the rod 5 interacts with the corresponding stop 34, after which the twisted spring 28 (29) rotates the locking ring 32 (33) and the associated rod 5 90 ° clockwise. In this case, the segment chains should occupy a large angle, of the order of 120 °. Instead of segmented chains, equidistant notches or holes can be used. Active blades 8 occupy a passive horizontal position, and passive 9 occupy a vertical active position, after which the reverse movement of the rod begins with a lower angular velocity. Thus, the speed of rotation of the output shaft of the wind turbine is stabilized.

The principle of operation of the synchronization unit, by adjusting the length of the lever R, the design of which is presented in figure 4, is as follows. Above the first rotary platform 3, a second rotary platform 48 is pivotally mounted with the possibility of relative rotation in the range from 0 to 90 °. The fifth spring 49, installed between the rotary platforms, works on promotion. In light winds, when the third cable 50 is in a free state, the spring 49 rotates the upper platform to the initial (zero) position. This position corresponds to the maximum lever R when the vane lever is perpendicular to the boom. With increasing wind speed, the conical weather vane pulls the third cable 50, thrown through the block 51 and extended around the circumference by the second rotation of the platform 48, 90 °. As a result, the upper platform 48 is rotated relative to the lower platform 3 counterclockwise. The higher the wind speed, the greater the angle of rotation of the upper platform, on which segment chains 35, 36 and stops 34 are fixed. When the wind speed is higher than the permissible value, the upper platform turns 90 ° and the rods are oriented along the lever 38 of the conical weather vane. In this case, the wind turbine self-brakes, since the planes of both the right 8 and left 9 blades coincide with the direction of the wind. The operating range of wind speed is set by selecting the parameters of the conical weather vane and springs 42, 49.

Claims (5)

1. Oscillating wind turbine containing racks, a fixed platform and kinematically connected vertical shaft, flat blades, a node for changing the orientation and fixing the position of the blades and a weather vane, characterized in that it additionally interacts with each other, a rotating platform, a second node for changing the orientation and fixing the position of the blades , the first, second and third rods with stars connected by a chain, as well as a unit for converting vibrational motion into rotational and a node for synchronizing rotation speed, while the first and second nodes of changing the orientation and fixing the position of the blades interact with the first rod, and the rods are pivotally mounted in a vertical shaft along one vertical with the possibility of free rotation, in addition, the ends of the rods are fixedly mounted the first and second flat blades oriented in mutually perpendicular planes, while the rotary platform is mounted on a fixed platform with the possibility of free oscillation within 90 °. 2. The oscillating wind turbine according to claim 1, characterized in that each of the nodes for changing the orientation and fixing the position of the blades mounted on the first rod consists of plates interacting with each other, a dog, a retaining ring with two ratchet protrusions, a twist spring, an overrunning clutch , on the clip of which a star is fixedly mounted, interacting with a segment chain fixed on a rotary platform, on which the first and second stops are also mounted, interacting with the corresponding dogs, pivotally closed insulated on plane-parallel plates fixedly connected to the vertical shaft, in addition, the retaining ring is fixedly connected to the rod and through the twist spring interacts with the hub of the overrunning clutch, which rotates freely on the rod. 3. The oscillating wind turbine according to claim 1, characterized in that the unit for converting the oscillatory motion into rotational contains a housing, first, second and third bevel gears, first and second overrunning clutches and a shaft, while the hubs of the first and second overruns are fixedly mounted on the output shaft couplings, on the clips of which the corresponding driven bevel gears are fixedly fixed, interacting from diametrically opposite sides with the third leading bevel gear, fixedly installed in the root of the vertical Foot shaft, wherein the first and second overrunning clutch installed so that the oscillations of the vertical shaft in one and the other side, they were part of the clutch at a time. 4. The oscillating wind turbine according to claim 1, characterized in that the synchronization unit consists of right and left parts, each of which contains a locking ring interacting with each other with two ratchet protrusions, a retractable spring-loaded dog, the lever of which interacts with the corresponding stop, while a conical weather vane mounted on a horizontal lever with the possibility of free longitudinal movement through a cable interacts with a retractable dog. 5. The oscillating wind turbine according to claim 1, characterized in that the synchronization unit comprises a second rotary platform mounted on the first rotary platform with the possibility of relative rotation by 90 °, while the second rotary platform interacts with the first rotary platform through the unwinding spring, and through the cable , thrown over the block, with a conical weather vane, in addition, segment chains and stops are installed on the second rotary platform.

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