RU2392487C2 - Wind mill power generating unit - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: engines and pumps.

SUBSTANCE: invention refers to power engineering and can be used for conversion of wind energy mainly to electric energy. Wind mill power generating unit includes vertical post with vertical shaft kinematically connected via multiplier to electric generator, rotating platforms with flat blades interacting with conical wind vane, blade orientation change assembly, central rotation speed synchronisation assembly and assembly for fixing angular position of conical wind vane. On vertical post there installed is bushing of the wind vane arranged in the centre of the unit, in the root part of which there rigidly installed are coaxial central conical and segmental gears interacting with driven conical gears installed on inner ends of radial shafts transmitting the rotation to driven peripheral conical gears rigidly fixed on the blade bushing. Blade orientation change assembly can be formed with segmental gear, the first driven conical gear installed on the shell of the appropriate free-wheel clutch rigidly fixed on internal tip of the appropriate radial shaft, and engaged with central conical gear and the second driven gear interacting with two sections of segmental conical gears; at that, segmental gear is made in the form of cylindrical ring with two sections of segmental conical gears.

EFFECT: simplifying the design and reducing the production cost of wind mill power generating unit.

6 cl, 7 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the use of renewable energy sources, namely wind energy, and its conversion into other types, mainly into electrical energy.

Known wind power installation [Tsybulnikov S.I. Wind power installation. RU, patent No. 2125182, cl. F03D 5/04. 01/20/99, bull. No. 2] using the main working element in the form of a sail mounted on the platform, and the platforms are connected, in turn, to the composition, the beginning and end of which are connected together, that is, form a ring. The composition is installed on a circular path corresponding to the size of the platforms. The sail has the highest wind energy utilization. The power developed by the installation is taken from the platform wheel shaft.

The disadvantage of this wind power installation is the mechanical (manual) initial installation of the orientation of the sail depending on the direction of the wind and manual adjustment of its position when changing the direction of the wind. In addition, the orientation of the sail changes synchronously throughout the passage of the platform along the ring path. During this time, the sail makes a half-turn (180 °) around its axis (rack). Such a change in the orientation of the blades (sails) on the overwhelming segment of the platform passing along the annular path does not provide for effective selection of wind energy.

Also known is a wind turbine [Aliev A.S. Wind turbine Aliyev. RU patent No. 2224135. class F03D 5/00 of 05/05/2002], which by its design features can be specified as a prototype of the proposed energy Converter.

The prototype contains a circular road, a platform, a rack, a blade, a weather vane, a node for changing the orientation and fixing the position of the blade.

The platforms rotate around a vertical central shaft, from which movement is transmitted to an electric generator or a water pump.

The disadvantages of the prototype include the complexity of the design of the node changes the orientation and fixation of the blade, which complicates its use.

The technical task of this invention is to simplify the design and reduce the cost of a wind power installation.

The essence of the proposed technical solution lies in the development of a fundamentally new design of a wind energy converter. The technical problem is solved in a wind power installation containing a vertical strut with a central shaft kinematically connected through a multiplier to an electric generator, rotating platforms with flat blades interacting with a conical weather vane, a blade orientation changing unit, a central rotation speed synchronization unit, and a conical vane angular position fixing unit, on a vertical rack is installed a sleeve of a weather vane located in the center of the installation, in the root of which it is fixedly mounted claimed coaxial bevel gear and the central gear segment, cooperating respectively with the driven bevel gear mounted on the inner ends of radial shafts, transmit rotation to the slave peripheral bevel gears fixedly mounted on the hub of the blade.

The node for changing the orientation of the blades can be formed by a segment gear, the first driven bevel gear mounted on the holder of the corresponding freewheel, fixedly mounted on the inner tip of the corresponding radial shaft, and engaged with the central bevel gear, and the second driven gear interacting with two segments of the segment bevel gears, while the segment gear is made in the form of a cylindrical ring with two sections of segment bevel gears.

The node for changing the orientation of the blades can also be formed by a cylindrical segmented gear interacting with a radial shaft through a driven cylindrical gear and a third pair of bevel gears, while the central bevel gear interacts with the radial shaft through an overrunning clutch.

The rotation speed synchronization unit comprises a sleeve with an inclined grooves on which the central bevel gear and a segment gear in the form of a cylindrical ring with two sections of segment bevel gears are fixedly mounted, and a movable ring with two fingers is installed, the inner tips of which interact with the inclined grooves of the sleeve and the longitudinal grooves in the sleeve of the weather vane, and the external fingertips through the cables are connected with a conical weather vane mounted on a horizontal lever with the possibility of w longitudinal displacement, wherein the wind vane on the hub support ring mounted coil spring and interacting through mobile ring fingers and cables with a conical vane.

The assembly for fixing the angular position of the conical weather vane contains a flat weather vane with double-sided levers mounted to rotate on the horizontal lever of the conical weather vane and interacting via sliding pushers with the upper and lower splined half couplings, while the upper half coupling is mounted on the vane bush with the possibility of longitudinal movement, and the lower one is motionless fixed on the upper end of the upright.

The flat blade has an asymmetric area relative to the blade rack and is mounted on the peripheral bevel gear with the possibility of relative angular rotation, while a twist spring is installed at the upper end of the blade rack, fixing the angular position of the blade relative to the driven peripheral bevel gear.

Figure 1 presents a top view of a wind power installation, where:

1 - vertical rack;

2 - weather vane sleeve;

3 - horizontal lever of the weather vane;

4 - conical weather vane;

5 - radial shafts;

6 - flat blades;

7 - the central bevel gear;

8 - the first driven Central bevel gears;

9 - a glass of a segment bevel gear;

10 - sections of a segmented bevel gear;

11 - second driven bevel gears;

12 - restrictive ring.

Figure 2 presents the design of the Central node of the wind power installation, where:

positions 1-11 are the same as in figure 1;

13 - the central shaft;

14 - a central platform;

15, 16 - the first and second radial levers;

17 - leading and driven output conical pair of gears;

18 - multiplier;

19 - an electric generator;

20, 21 - lower and upper splined coupling halves;

22 - retractable pushers;

23 - springs;

24 - bilateral levers;

25 - flat weather vane;

26 - blocks;

27 - cables;

28 - fingers;

29 - a mobile ring;

30 - sleeve with inclined grooves;

31 - coil spring;

32 - bearing ring;

33, 34 - hub and clip of an overrunning clutch;

35 - bearing;

36 - bracket.

Figure 3 presents the design of the peripheral node of the installation of the blade, where:

positions 5-15 are the same as in figure 2;

37 - second bracket;

38 - blade platform;

39 - the bearing;

40 - rack of the blade;

41 - the sleeve of the blade;

42 - blade;

43 - a twist spring;

44, 45 - leading and driven peripheral bevel gears;

46 - fork;

47 - wheel.

Figure 4 presents a view And figure 3 of the design of the installation site of the blade, where:

positions 14-47 are the same as in figure 3;

48, 49 - upper and lower hitch.

Figure 5-7 presents the proposed installation.

The principle of operation of the wind power installation shown in figures 1-4, is as follows.

The vertical rack 1 is mounted motionlessly in the ground and the central unit of the installation is installed on it (figure 2).

A support ring 32 is fixedly mounted on the stand and a support bearing 35 and a central shaft 13 are mounted above it with the possibility of free rotation.

A vane bush 2 is mounted on a rack with the possibility of free rotation.

The upper end of the sleeve 2 is fixedly connected with the horizontal lever 3. The conical (or pyramidal) weather vane 4 is mounted on the horizontal lever with the possibility of free longitudinal displacement to the restrictive ring 12.

At the lower end of the sleeve 2, a sleeve is installed with an inclined groove 30, fixedly connected to the driven central bevel gear 7, concentrically of the last gear, a cup 9 is fixedly connected with it, with two segmented parts of the bevel gear 10.

The first six driven central bevel gears are engaged with the central bevel gear 8. They are mounted equidistant from each other (through 60 °) at the inner ends of the radial shafts 5.

The second driven bevel gears 11 are also fixedly mounted on the inner ends of the radial shafts 5 and periodically (after each half-cycle) enter into engagement with two segmented parts of the bevel gear 10, mounted on the end of the cup 9. The gear ratio of the second bevel gears 11 with the segment parts 10 should be an order of magnitude greater than the gear ratio of the central gear 7 with the first driven gears 8. For this purpose, the diameter of the pitch circle of the second bevel gears is selected at a minimum m, and the level setting portions of the segment gear 10 must be above the level of the central bevel gear 7. Center installed diametrically opposite portions of the segment gear 10 coincides with the direction of the horizontal arm wind vane, i.e. with the direction of the wind.

Radial shafts 5 transmit rotation from the central bevel gear to the driven peripheral bevel gear 45 and maintain a constant orientation of the flat blades 6 throughout the active and passive sections of the trajectory of their rotation.

In this case, the interaction of the segments of the segmented bevel gears 10 with the second driven bevel gears 11 leads to an accelerated forced change in the orientation of the flat blades by 90 ° through each half-cycle of their rotation around the central node.

A change in the direction of the wind leads to a change in the orientation of the bevel weather vane and related segment segments of the bevel gears 10.

The direction of the lever 3 of the bevel gear divides the circle along which the flat blades rotate into two parts - the active one, where the blades are oriented perpendicular to the wind direction (right part in Fig. 1), and the passive one, where the blades are oriented along the wind direction. The wind pressure on the blades in the active section creates a positive moment, leading to the rotation of the central shaft 13 of the installation counterclockwise (see figure 2).

The rotation of the central shaft through the driving and driven bevel gears 17 is transmitted to the multiplier 18. The multiplier serves to increase the speed of rotation of the central shaft to the nominal speed of rotation of the generator 19 installed at its output.

The first 14 and second 15 radial levers give the installation site of the blade (figure 3) a vertical position. For the same purpose, the upper 48 and lower 49 couplings are used, forming a second triangle (see figure 4). Two triangles located at right angles give the rack of the blade 40 a vertical position.

To increase the reliability of the installation and reduce the dimensions of the conical weather vane, a node for fixing the angular position of the conical weather vane was introduced.

This assembly is mounted on the upper end of the upright 1.

The lower spline coupling half 20 is fixedly mounted on the upper end face of the rack 1. The upper spline coupling half 21 is raised and lowered by articulated retractable pushers 22. The springs 23 engage the spline coupling halves 20 and 21 with each other. The finger of the upper coupling half is shifted along the groove of the sleeve of the vane 2 and provides it with only longitudinal movement.

On the horizontal arm of the conical weather vane 3, a flat weather vane 25 is mounted with the possibility of rotation around it.

On both sides of the flat weather vane 25, levers 24 are fixedly mounted, which interact with the sliding pushers 22.

When changing the direction of the wind, the lateral component of the wind pressure on the flat weather vane deflects it from a vertical position. In this case, the double-sided levers 24 press on the sliding pushers 22 from one side or the other.

Retractable pushers disengage the slotted coupling halves from the clutch and raise the coupling half 21 upward.

After that, the conical weather vane changes its orientation, the lever 3 and the associated flat weather vane 25 are installed along the wind direction. In this case, the flat weather vane takes a vertical position and the retractable pushers 22 introduce splined coupling halves into the clutch and fix the fixed angular position of the conical weather vane.

To synchronize the rotational speed of the central shaft and therefore the generator, a synchronization unit is introduced.

The synchronization unit contains a sleeve with inclined grooves 30, which is fixedly connected with the coaxial central bevel gear 7 and the cup 9, on which sections of the bevel gear 10 are mounted on diametrically opposite sides.

The sleeve 30 has inclined grooves on two sides along which the fingers 28 move.

The fingers are fixedly mounted in a movable ring 29 mounted on the sleeve 30 with the possibility of longitudinal displacement up and down. For this purpose, longitudinal grooves are grooved in the sleeve of the weather vane 2, along which the external fingertips move up and down, connected with the help of ropes 27 with a conical weather vane 4.

The cables are thrown through the blocks 26, pivotally mounted on the upper end of the sleeve of the vane 2 symmetrically from two sides. A cylindrical spring 31 is mounted on the sleeve with inclined grooves 30, which is supported at one end in the movable ring 29 with fingers 28, and at the other end in the support ring 32. The support ring with the fixing bolt is fixedly mounted on the vane bush 2.

The cylindrical spring 31 presses on the movable ring 29 and with the help of ropes 27 presses the conical weather vane 2 against the restrictive ring 12. In this case, the sleeve with inclined grooves orients the segments of the segmented bevel gears 10 along the wind direction, i.e. along the horizontal lever of the weather vane 3. The nominal wind speed corresponds to this position of the segment bevel gears.

With increasing wind speed, the conical weather vane moves along the horizontal lever and pulls the cables and the movable ring 29 upstream. This leads to the rotation of the sleeve with the inclined grooves 30 and the associated central bevel gear 7 and two sections of the segment bevel gear 10 relative to the direction of the horizontal lever 3, i.e. wind direction. The amount of rotation is determined by the stiffness of the coil spring 31 and the increment of wind speed.

The indicated rotation of the central bevel gear and the segments of the bevel gear associated with it will cause the interface between the active and passive sections of the trajectory of rotation of the flat blades around the central node to shift by the same angle. This, in turn, will lead to an early (or late) change in the orientation of the flat blades 6 relative to the direction of the wind. Due to the change in the phase of switching the orientation of the blades, a braking moment arises, which reduces the rotation speed of the central shaft, and therefore the generator. Selecting the parameters of the conical (or pyramidal) weather vane, as well as the parameters of the coil spring 31 (length and stiffness), as well as the length and angle of inclination of the groove of the sleeve 30, it is possible to synchronize the rotation speed of the generator over a wide range of changes in wind speed.

The radial shafts 5 are pivotally attached to the central platform with brackets 36. At the inner end of each radial shaft, the hub 33 of the corresponding freewheel is fixedly mounted. The clip 34 of each clutch is fixedly connected to the corresponding first driven central bevel gear 8. A second driven bevel gear 11 is also fixedly mounted on each radial shaft, periodically (twice during the rotation period) engaging with parts of the segment bevel gears.

The central platform 14 is fixedly connected with the central shaft and with the help of the first and second radial levers with peripheral units for installing flat blades (see figure 3).

The installation site of the flat blade 42, shown in figure 3 and figure 4, contains the platform of the blade 38, which should be in a horizontal position. Perpendicular to the platform, the rack of the blade 40 is attached, which should maintain a vertical position during rotation. For this purpose, the first 15 and second 16 radial levers are used, forming together with a fork 46 of the wheel mount 47 a rigid right triangle.

The second equally rigid rectangular triangle is formed by a fork 46 with upper 48 and lower 49 hooks. Since the angle between these triangles is approximately 90 °, the rack of the blade 40 takes a vertical position.

Above the angular contact bearing 39, a sleeve of the blade 41 is mounted, with the possibility of free rotation around the rack 40.

A driven peripheral bevel gear 45 is fixedly mounted on the lower end of the blade sleeve. The specified gear is engaged in the driving peripheral gear 44 mounted on the end of the radial shaft 5. The shaft is hinged to the blade platform 38 using the second bracket 37.

Fork 46 installation of the wheel 47 is attached to the platform of the blade 38 at a right angle motionless. The wheel mount can be performed similarly to a bicycle.

As a second variant of synchronizing the rotational speed of the central shaft of the installation, an asymmetric design of the flat blade 42 can be used (see FIG. 3). The unwinding spring 43 presses the asymmetric blade at the nominal wind speed against the stop mounted on the driven peripheral gear 45 (not shown in FIG. 3). With increasing wind speed due to the difference in pressure on the two asymmetric halves of the blade, the blade becomes at an angle to the direction of the wind.

The higher the wind speed, the smaller the effective area of the blade. Choosing the stiffness of the spring, it is possible to adjust the limits of the change in the effective area of the blade.

The decrease in the effective area of the blade leads to a decrease in the moment of rotation on the central shaft, and hence the speed of rotation of the generator. As a flat blade, a sail can be used.

The fluid energy converter can be used to generate thermal energy (space heating, water heating), mechanical energy (energy extraction from the drive shaft to drive mechanical equipment, such as a mill or pump) in remote and isolated places where there is no central heating.

Such installations are necessary for border guards, farmers, hunters, tourists, fishermen, shepherds, etc.

Claims (6)

1. A wind power installation comprising a vertical strut with a central shaft kinematically connected through a multiplier with an electric generator, rotating platforms with flat blades interacting with a conical weather vane, a blade orientation changing unit, a central rotation speed synchronization unit, and a conical vane angular position fixing unit, characterized in that on a vertical rack is installed a sleeve of a weather vane located in the center of the installation, in the root of which it is fixedly mounted oosnye central bevel pinion and segment gear, cooperating respectively with the driven bevel gear mounted on the inner ends of radial shafts, transmit rotation to the slave peripheral bevel gears fixedly mounted on the hub of the blade. 2. The wind power installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the blade orientation changing unit is formed by a segment gear, a first driven bevel gear mounted on a holder of the corresponding freewheel, fixedly mounted on the inner tip of the corresponding radial shaft, and engaging with the central bevel gear and the second driven gear interacting with two segments of the segmented bevel gears, wherein the segmented gear is made in the form of a cylindrical ring with two portions of the segment of bevel gears. 3. The wind power installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the blade orientation changing unit is formed by a made cylindrical segment gear interacting with the radial shaft through the driven cylindrical gear and the third pair of bevel gears, while the central bevel gear interacts with the radial shaft through the overrunning clutch. 4. The wind power installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the rotational speed synchronization unit comprises a sleeve with inclined grooves on which the central bevel gear and the segment gear in the form of a cylindrical ring with two sections of the bevel gears are fixedly mounted, and a movable ring with with two fingers, the internal tips of which interact with the inclined grooves of the sleeve and the longitudinal grooves in the sleeve of the weather vane, and the external tips of the fingers are connected through the cables with a conical luger mounted on a horizontal lever with the possibility of longitudinal displacement, while on the vane bush a support ring and a coil spring are installed, interacting through a movable ring with fingers and cables with a conical weather vane. 5. The wind power installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the fixation unit for the angular position of the conical weather vane contains a flat weather vane with double-sided levers mounted to rotate on the horizontal lever of the conical weather vane and interacting through sliding pushers with upper and lower spline coupling halves, while the upper the coupling half is mounted on the vane bush with the possibility of longitudinal movement, and the lower one is fixedly mounted on the upper end of the vertical strut. 6. The wind power installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the flat blade has an asymmetric area relative to the blade rack and is mounted on the peripheral bevel gear with the possibility of relative angular rotation, while a twist spring is installed at the upper end of the blade rack, fixing the angular position of the blade relative to the driven peripheral bevel gear.

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