RU2431649C2 - Поликарбонатные формовочные массы - Google Patents
Поликарбонатные формовочные массы Download PDFInfo
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- RU2431649C2 RU2431649C2 RU2008127448/05A RU2008127448A RU2431649C2 RU 2431649 C2 RU2431649 C2 RU 2431649C2 RU 2008127448/05 A RU2008127448/05 A RU 2008127448/05A RU 2008127448 A RU2008127448 A RU 2008127448A RU 2431649 C2 RU2431649 C2 RU 2431649C2
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- Russia
- Prior art keywords
- polymer
- grafted
- composition according
- grafted polymer
- free
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- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 title claims description 46
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 title claims description 36
- 239000000206 moulding compound Substances 0.000 title 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 102
- 229920000578 graft copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 92
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 76
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 48
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 41
- 229920001971 elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims description 33
- -1 vinyl aromatic compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 33
- 239000005060 rubber Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 26
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims description 26
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 claims description 26
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims description 25
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 17
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 claims description 16
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000003063 flame retardant Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims description 13
- 150000001735 carboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000012662 bulk polymerization Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000007720 emulsion polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000002255 vaccination Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,4,4,6,6-hexaphenoxy-1,3,5-triaza-2$l^{5},4$l^{5},6$l^{5}-triphosphacyclohexa-1,3,5-triene Chemical compound N=1P(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)(OC=2C=CC=CC=2)=NP=1(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 RNFJDJUURJAICM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 6
- 150000008360 acrylonitriles Chemical class 0.000 claims description 6
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000005907 alkyl ester group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010556 emulsion polymerization method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000009477 glass transition Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052789 astatine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000011007 phosphoric acid Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002216 antistatic agent Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003381 stabilizer Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000002667 nucleating agent Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000012744 reinforcing agent Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 239000012748 slip agent Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 abstract description 15
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 229920000122 acrylonitrile butadiene styrene Polymers 0.000 description 38
- 239000004676 acrylonitrile butadiene styrene Substances 0.000 description 38
- XECAHXYUAAWDEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylonitrile butadiene styrene Chemical compound C=CC=C.C=CC#N.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 XECAHXYUAAWDEL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 37
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 29
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Chemical compound C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 28
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 14
- SCUZVMOVTVSBLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N prop-2-enenitrile;styrene Chemical compound C=CC#N.C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 SCUZVMOVTVSBLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 229920000638 styrene acrylonitrile Polymers 0.000 description 14
- NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acrylonitrile Chemical compound C=CC#N NLHHRLWOUZZQLW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisphenol A Chemical compound C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 11
- KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butadiene Chemical compound C=CC=C KAKZBPTYRLMSJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methyl methacrylate Chemical compound COC(=O)C(C)=C VVQNEPGJFQJSBK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000009864 tensile test Methods 0.000 description 10
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000005227 gel permeation chromatography Methods 0.000 description 9
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 9
- BXQDRLREYKLERH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,2-dioxaphosphinan-2-ylmethanamine Chemical compound NCP1OCCCO1 BXQDRLREYKLERH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 8
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 description 8
- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000012778 molding material Substances 0.000 description 7
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 6
- 229940106691 bisphenol a Drugs 0.000 description 6
- 229920003244 diene elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000003630 growth substance Substances 0.000 description 6
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 6
- RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl ether Chemical compound CCOCC RTZKZFJDLAIYFH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- XYLMUPLGERFSHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N alpha-Methylstyrene Chemical group CC(=C)C1=CC=CC=C1 XYLMUPLGERFSHI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 description 5
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 230000035882 stress Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 5
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydroquinone Chemical compound OC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 QIGBRXMKCJKVMJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isoprene Chemical compound CC(=C)C=C RRHGJUQNOFWUDK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Malonic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- YGYAWVDWMABLBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosgene Chemical class ClC(Cl)=O YGYAWVDWMABLBF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Terephthalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(C(O)=O)C=C1 KKEYFWRCBNTPAC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 229920001400 block copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 4
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 4
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 4
- 125000001624 naphthyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 150000002825 nitriles Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920002857 polybutadiene Polymers 0.000 description 4
- GHMLBKRAJCXXBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N resorcinol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC(O)=C1 GHMLBKRAJCXXBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 4
- ISXSCDLOGDJUNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N tert-butyl prop-2-enoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)OC(=O)C=C ISXSCDLOGDJUNJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- KTZVZZJJVJQZHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-chloro-4-ethenylbenzene Chemical compound ClC1=CC=C(C=C)C=C1 KTZVZZJJVJQZHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- JLBJTVDPSNHSKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-Methylstyrene Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(C=C)C=C1 JLBJTVDPSNHSKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000004609 Impact Modifier Substances 0.000 description 3
- GYCMBHHDWRMZGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methylacrylonitrile Chemical compound CC(=C)C#N GYCMBHHDWRMZGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000006887 Ullmann reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000032683 aging Effects 0.000 description 3
- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- CQEYYJKEWSMYFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl acrylate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)C=C CQEYYJKEWSMYFG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000005587 carbonate group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 238000013329 compounding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000806 elastomer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 description 3
- 125000004464 hydroxyphenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 150000003949 imides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 125000001449 isopropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 3
- 239000006210 lotion Substances 0.000 description 3
- 125000004123 n-propyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 3
- 229920002842 oligophosphate Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000010526 radical polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 125000000547 substituted alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 125000003107 substituted aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003981 vehicle Substances 0.000 description 3
- KPZGRMZPZLOPBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dichloro-2,2-bis(chloromethyl)propane Chemical compound ClCC(CCl)(CCl)CCl KPZGRMZPZLOPBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HIDBROSJWZYGSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-phenylpyrrole-2,5-dione Chemical compound O=C1C=CC(=O)N1C1=CC=CC=C1 HIDBROSJWZYGSZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- BSWWXRFVMJHFBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4,6-tribromophenol Chemical compound OC1=C(Br)C=C(Br)C=C1Br BSWWXRFVMJHFBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEORPZCZECFIRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,3',5,5'-tetrabromobisphenol A Chemical compound C=1C(Br)=C(O)C(Br)=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC(Br)=C(O)C(Br)=C1 VEORPZCZECFIRK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L Calcium carbonate Chemical compound [Ca+2].[O-]C([O-])=O VTYYLEPIZMXCLO-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001335 aliphatic alkanes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000001342 alkaline earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000001408 amides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000003710 aryl alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000007514 bases Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- ZDZHCHYQNPQSGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N binaphthyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C12)C1=CC=CC2=CC=CC=C12 ZDZHCHYQNPQSGG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 235000010290 biphenyl Nutrition 0.000 description 2
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- 125000006267 biphenyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 239000006085 branching agent Substances 0.000 description 2
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- YACLQRRMGMJLJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N chloroprene Chemical compound ClC(=C)C=C YACLQRRMGMJLJV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
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- 238000005034 decoration Methods 0.000 description 2
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- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- USIUVYZYUHIAEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl ether Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1OC1=CC=CC=C1 USIUVYZYUHIAEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004945 emulsification Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 2
- HQQADJVZYDDRJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethene;prop-1-ene Chemical group C=C.CC=C HQQADJVZYDDRJT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- SUPCQIBBMFXVTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)C(C)=C SUPCQIBBMFXVTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003925 fat Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000004051 hexyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 238000004128 high performance liquid chromatography Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000000959 isobutyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 2
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000004108 n-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000001147 pentyl group Chemical group C(CCCC)* 0.000 description 2
- 125000003884 phenylalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N phenylbenzene Natural products C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 150000003009 phosphonic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000003016 phosphoric acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000003018 phosphorus compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229920001343 polytetrafluoroethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
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- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 2
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- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 2
- CYIDZMCFTVVTJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyromellitic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC(C(O)=O)=C(C(O)=O)C=C1C(O)=O CYIDZMCFTVVTJO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000002914 sec-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])(*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 229910001415 sodium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229920006132 styrene block copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 125000000999 tert-butyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- XMNDMAQKWSQVOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2-methylphenyl) diphenyl phosphate Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1OP(=O)(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)OC1=CC=CC=C1 XMNDMAQKWSQVOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RMSGQZDGSZOJMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-butyl-2-phenylbenzene Chemical group CCCCC1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 RMSGQZDGSZOJMU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YIYBRXKMQFDHSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2'-Dihydroxybenzophenone Chemical class OC1=CC=CC=C1C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1O YIYBRXKMQFDHSM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XXKHDSGLCLCFSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3-diphenylphenol Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1C=1C(O)=CC=CC=1C1=CC=CC=C1 XXKHDSGLCLCFSC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VPVTXVHUJHGOCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4-bis[2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)propan-2-yl]phenol Chemical compound C=1C=C(O)C(C(C)(C)C=2C=CC(O)=CC=2)=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 VPVTXVHUJHGOCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MAQOZOILPAMFSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,6-bis[(2-hydroxy-5-methylphenyl)methyl]-4-methylphenol Chemical compound CC1=CC=C(O)C(CC=2C(=C(CC=3C(=CC=C(C)C=3)O)C=C(C)C=2)O)=C1 MAQOZOILPAMFSW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XSVZEASGNTZBRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)sulfinylphenol Chemical class OC1=CC=CC=C1S(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1O XSVZEASGNTZBRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QUWAJPZDCZDTJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-hydroxyphenyl)sulfonylphenol Chemical class OC1=CC=CC=C1S(=O)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1O QUWAJPZDCZDTJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KAIRTVANLJFYQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(3,5-dimethylheptyl)phenol Chemical compound CCC(C)CC(C)CCC1=CC=CC=C1O KAIRTVANLJFYQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KYGLCUAXJICESS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-[2,3-di(propan-2-yl)phenyl]phenol Chemical class CC(C)C1=CC=CC(C=2C(=CC=CC=2)O)=C1C(C)C KYGLCUAXJICESS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XBQRPFBBTWXIFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chloro-4-[2-(3-chloro-4-hydroxyphenyl)propan-2-yl]phenol Chemical compound C=1C=C(O)C(Cl)=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=C(O)C(Cl)=C1 XBQRPFBBTWXIFI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001340 2-chloroethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])(Cl)C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- ZDWSNKPLZUXBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3,5-ditert-butylphenol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC(O)=CC(C(C)(C)C)=C1 ZDWSNKPLZUXBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VPWNQTHUCYMVMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4'-sulfonyldiphenol Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC=C1S(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 VPWNQTHUCYMVMZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VWGKEVWFBOUAND-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4,4'-thiodiphenol Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC=C1SC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 VWGKEVWFBOUAND-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WNLHHAAYHRAAKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(2-methylbutyl)phenol Chemical compound CCC(C)CC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 WNLHHAAYHRAAKQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CUAUDSWILJWDOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(3,5-dimethylheptyl)phenol Chemical compound CCC(C)CC(C)CCC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 CUAUDSWILJWDOD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HVXRCAWUNAOCTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(6-methylheptyl)phenol Chemical compound CC(C)CCCCCC1=CC=C(O)C=C1 HVXRCAWUNAOCTA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- QHPQWRBYOIRBIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-tert-butylphenol Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 QHPQWRBYOIRBIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005995 Aluminium silicate Substances 0.000 description 1
- SDDLEVPIDBLVHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bisphenol Z Chemical compound C1=CC(O)=CC=C1C1(C=2C=CC(O)=CC=2)CCCCC1 SDDLEVPIDBLVHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
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- 238000000149 argon plasma sintering Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000732 arylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000004104 aryloxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229920005601 base polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- FYXKZNLBZKRYSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzene-1,2-dicarbonyl chloride Chemical class ClC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1C(Cl)=O FYXKZNLBZKRYSS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UWCPYKQBIPYOLX-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzene-1,3,5-tricarbonyl chloride Chemical compound ClC(=O)C1=CC(C(Cl)=O)=CC(C(Cl)=O)=C1 UWCPYKQBIPYOLX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FDQSRULYDNDXQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzene-1,3-dicarbonyl chloride Chemical class ClC(=O)C1=CC=CC(C(Cl)=O)=C1 FDQSRULYDNDXQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000001588 bifunctional effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- VCCBEIPGXKNHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N biphenyl-4,4'-diol Chemical group C1=CC(O)=CC=C1C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 VCCBEIPGXKNHFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005422 blasting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007664 blowing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000019 calcium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000004917 carbon fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003153 chemical reaction reagent Substances 0.000 description 1
- AOGYCOYQMAVAFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N chlorocarbonic acid Chemical compound OC(Cl)=O AOGYCOYQMAVAFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004218 chloromethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])(Cl)* 0.000 description 1
- 238000003776 cleavage reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000853 cresyl group Chemical group C1(=CC=C(C=C1)C)* 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 1
- MGNCLNQXLYJVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N cyanuric chloride Chemical compound ClC1=NC(Cl)=NC(Cl)=N1 MGNCLNQXLYJVJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000007872 degassing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001991 dicarboxylic acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- VZEGPPPCKHRYGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethoxyphosphorylbenzene Chemical group CCOP(=O)(OCC)C1=CC=CC=C1 VZEGPPPCKHRYGO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VONWDASPFIQPDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl methylphosphonate Chemical group COP(C)(=O)OC VONWDASPFIQPDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ROORDVPLFPIABK-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl carbonate Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1OC(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1 ROORDVPLFPIABK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010616 electrical installation Methods 0.000 description 1
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- NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N kaolin Chemical compound O.O.O=[Al]O[Si](=O)O[Si](=O)O[Al]=O NLYAJNPCOHFWQQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl monoether Natural products COC LCGLNKUTAGEVQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- MZYHMUONCNKCHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-1,2,3,4-tetracarboxylic acid Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=C(C(O)=O)C(C(=O)O)=C(C(O)=O)C(C(O)=O)=C21 MZYHMUONCNKCHE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RXOHFPCZGPKIRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N naphthalene-2,6-dicarboxylic acid Chemical compound C1=C(C(O)=O)C=CC2=CC(C(=O)O)=CC=C21 RXOHFPCZGPKIRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YAFOVCNAQTZDQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N octyl diphenyl phosphate Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1OP(=O)(OCCCCCCCC)OC1=CC=CC=C1 YAFOVCNAQTZDQB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000002896 organic halogen compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
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- 125000004430 oxygen atom Chemical group O* 0.000 description 1
- QQVIHTHCMHWDBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N perisophthalic acid Natural products OC(=O)C1=CC=CC(C(O)=O)=C1 QQVIHTHCMHWDBS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005191 phase separation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002989 phenols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- QCDYQQDYXPDABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N phloroglucinol Chemical compound OC1=CC(O)=CC(O)=C1 QCDYQQDYXPDABM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229960001553 phloroglucinol Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000002467 phosphate group Chemical group [H]OP(=O)(O[H])O[*] 0.000 description 1
- 125000004437 phosphorous atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000009428 plumbing Methods 0.000 description 1
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- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910052700 potassium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011591 potassium Substances 0.000 description 1
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- STCOOQWBFONSKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N tributyl phosphate Chemical compound CCCCOP(=O)(OCCCC)OCCCC STCOOQWBFONSKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XZZNDPSIHUTMOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenyl phosphate Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1OP(OC=1C=CC=CC=1)(=O)OC1=CC=CC=C1 XZZNDPSIHUTMOC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- FIQMHBFVRAXMOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylphosphane oxide Chemical compound C=1C=CC=CC=1P(C=1C=CC=CC=1)(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 FIQMHBFVRAXMOP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UNXRWKVEANCORM-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphosphoric acid Polymers OP(O)(=O)OP(O)(=O)OP(O)(O)=O UNXRWKVEANCORM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PRVCAOGWEXDDOF-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(2,3-dibromobutyl) phosphate Chemical compound CC(Br)C(Br)COP(=O)(OCC(Br)C(C)Br)OCC(Br)C(C)Br PRVCAOGWEXDDOF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HQUQLFOMPYWACS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate Chemical compound ClCCOP(=O)(OCCCl)OCCCl HQUQLFOMPYWACS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LIPMRGQQBZJCTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N tris(2-propan-2-ylphenyl) phosphate Chemical compound CC(C)C1=CC=CC=C1OP(=O)(OC=1C(=CC=CC=1)C(C)C)OC1=CC=CC=C1C(C)C LIPMRGQQBZJCTM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L69/00—Compositions of polycarbonates; Compositions of derivatives of polycarbonates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L53/00—Compositions of block copolymers containing at least one sequence of a polymer obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L69/00—Compositions of polycarbonates; Compositions of derivatives of polycarbonates
- C08L69/005—Polyester-carbonates
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2205/00—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features
- C08L2205/02—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing two or more polymers of the same C08L -group
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L51/00—Compositions of graft polymers in which the grafted component is obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L51/04—Compositions of graft polymers in which the grafted component is obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers grafted on to rubbers
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
- Polyesters Or Polycarbonates (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102005058836A DE102005058836A1 (de) | 2005-12-09 | 2005-12-09 | Polycarbonat-Formmassen |
| DE102005058836.0 | 2005-12-09 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| RU2008127448A RU2008127448A (ru) | 2010-01-20 |
| RU2431649C2 true RU2431649C2 (ru) | 2011-10-20 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| RU2008127448/05A RU2431649C2 (ru) | 2005-12-09 | 2006-11-27 | Поликарбонатные формовочные массы |
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|---|---|
| US (1) | US7709573B2 (enExample) |
| EP (1) | EP1960467B1 (enExample) |
| JP (1) | JP5030965B2 (enExample) |
| KR (1) | KR101335138B1 (enExample) |
| CN (1) | CN101336273B (enExample) |
| AT (1) | ATE466902T1 (enExample) |
| BR (1) | BRPI0619502B1 (enExample) |
| CA (1) | CA2632605C (enExample) |
| DE (2) | DE102005058836A1 (enExample) |
| ES (1) | ES2342978T3 (enExample) |
| RU (1) | RU2431649C2 (enExample) |
| TW (1) | TWI394796B (enExample) |
| WO (1) | WO2007065577A1 (enExample) |
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| DE102007061761A1 (de) * | 2007-12-20 | 2009-06-25 | Bayer Materialscience Ag | Flammgeschützte schlagzähmodifizierte Polycarbonat-Zusammensetzungen |
| DE102007061759A1 (de) * | 2007-12-20 | 2009-06-25 | Bayer Materialscience Ag | Flammgeschützte schlagzähmodifizierte Polycarbonat-Zusammensetzungen |
| DE102008024672A1 (de) * | 2008-05-21 | 2009-11-26 | Bayer Materialscience Ag | Tieftemperaturzähe Polycarbonat-Blends |
| DE102009005762A1 (de) * | 2008-12-23 | 2010-06-24 | Bayer Materialscience Ag | Schlagzähmodifizierte Polycarbonat-Zusammensetzungen |
| DE102010018234A1 (de) | 2010-04-23 | 2012-03-29 | Bayer Materialscience Aktiengesellschaft | Leichtfließende Polycarbonat/ABS-Formmassen mit guten mechanischen Eigenschaften und guter Oberfläche |
| DE102010041388A1 (de) * | 2010-09-24 | 2012-03-29 | Bayer Materialscience Aktiengesellschaft | Flammgeschützte schlagzähmodifizierte Batteriegehäuse auf Polycarbonatbasis II |
| EP2647669A1 (de) | 2012-04-05 | 2013-10-09 | Bayer MaterialScience AG | Schlagzähmodifizierte Polycarbonat-Zusammensetzungen zur vereinfachten Herstellung von tieftemperaturzähen Bauteilen mit hochglänzenden und matten Bauteilabschnitten |
| JP6052968B2 (ja) * | 2012-09-05 | 2016-12-27 | テクノポリマー株式会社 | 熱可塑性樹脂組成物及び成形品 |
| US9185800B2 (en) * | 2012-09-17 | 2015-11-10 | Sabic Global Technologies B.V. | Laser direct structuring materials with improved plating performance and acceptable mechanical properties |
| BR112015012848A2 (pt) * | 2012-12-07 | 2017-07-11 | Bayer Materialscience Ag | massas de moldagem de policarbonato à prova de fogo v |
| CN104822753A (zh) * | 2012-12-07 | 2015-08-05 | 拜耳材料科技股份有限公司 | 防火的聚碳酸酯模塑料ii |
| BR112015012242A2 (pt) * | 2012-12-07 | 2017-07-11 | Bayer Materialscience Ag | massas de moldagem de policarbonato protegidas contra chamas |
| MX376972B (es) * | 2012-12-07 | 2025-03-07 | Bayer Materialscience Ag | Composiciones de moldeo de policarbonato retardantes de llama vi. |
| EP3057755B1 (de) * | 2013-10-18 | 2020-01-01 | Covestro Deutschland AG | Polycarbonatzusammensetzungen mit verbesserter haftung zu polyurethanschichten |
| FR3031106B1 (fr) | 2014-12-24 | 2017-02-03 | Arkema France | Composition de polymeres a phases multiples, son procede de preparation, son utilisation et composition la comprenant |
| KR102157627B1 (ko) * | 2016-12-22 | 2020-09-18 | 주식회사 엘지화학 | Abs계 그라프트 공중합체, 이의 제조방법, 이를 포함하여 제조되는 abs계 수지 조성물 및 사출 성형품 |
| US20200199357A1 (en) * | 2017-07-21 | 2020-06-25 | Covestro Deutschland Ag | Talc-filled compound and thermoplastic molding material |
| CN111954687B (zh) * | 2018-03-28 | 2022-12-27 | 科思创知识产权两合公司 | 用于生产具有提高的光泽度的模制品的组合物和热塑性模塑料 |
| US20250002615A1 (en) * | 2021-08-06 | 2025-01-02 | Lg Chem, Ltd. | Method for preparing graft copolymer, graft copolymer and resin composition comprising same |
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- 2005-12-09 DE DE102005058836A patent/DE102005058836A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2006
- 2006-11-27 ES ES06818834T patent/ES2342978T3/es active Active
- 2006-11-27 CA CA2632605A patent/CA2632605C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2006-11-27 CN CN2006800520156A patent/CN101336273B/zh active Active
- 2006-11-27 KR KR1020087013735A patent/KR101335138B1/ko not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2006-11-27 JP JP2008543694A patent/JP5030965B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2006-11-27 BR BRPI0619502-4A patent/BRPI0619502B1/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2006-11-27 RU RU2008127448/05A patent/RU2431649C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2006-11-27 WO PCT/EP2006/011335 patent/WO2007065577A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2006-11-27 EP EP06818834A patent/EP1960467B1/de active Active
- 2006-11-27 AT AT06818834T patent/ATE466902T1/de active
- 2006-11-27 DE DE502006006911T patent/DE502006006911D1/de active Active
- 2006-12-05 US US11/633,795 patent/US7709573B2/en active Active
- 2006-12-08 TW TW095145878A patent/TWI394796B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
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| EP0429957A2 (de) * | 1989-11-25 | 1991-06-05 | BASF Aktiengesellschaft | Thermoplastische Formmassen mit hoher Kältezähigkeit |
| WO1999065991A1 (en) * | 1998-06-17 | 1999-12-23 | Bayer Corporation | Thermoplastic molding compositions having improved plateability |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE102005058836A1 (de) | 2007-06-14 |
| JP5030965B2 (ja) | 2012-09-19 |
| CA2632605C (en) | 2014-07-29 |
| WO2007065577A1 (de) | 2007-06-14 |
| TWI394796B (zh) | 2013-05-01 |
| TW200734396A (en) | 2007-09-16 |
| US20070135568A1 (en) | 2007-06-14 |
| DE502006006911D1 (de) | 2010-06-17 |
| BRPI0619502A2 (pt) | 2011-10-04 |
| ES2342978T3 (es) | 2010-07-20 |
| RU2008127448A (ru) | 2010-01-20 |
| BRPI0619502B1 (pt) | 2017-12-19 |
| CN101336273B (zh) | 2011-11-16 |
| KR20080074163A (ko) | 2008-08-12 |
| KR101335138B1 (ko) | 2013-12-03 |
| EP1960467B1 (de) | 2010-05-05 |
| JP2009518472A (ja) | 2009-05-07 |
| ATE466902T1 (de) | 2010-05-15 |
| US7709573B2 (en) | 2010-05-04 |
| EP1960467A1 (de) | 2008-08-27 |
| CN101336273A (zh) | 2008-12-31 |
| CA2632605A1 (en) | 2007-06-14 |
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