RU2425407C1 - Device and method for instant switching of calendar of mechanical clocks - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: physics. ^ SUBSTANCE: device for instant switching of the calendar of mechanical clocks with a day wheel has an indicator element in form of an indicator ring with teeth on the inner or outer rim, apparatus for moving the indicator element in form of an indicator wheel which is engaged with teeth on the rim of the indicator ring, apparatus for accumulation of switching energy in form of a helix attached to the day wheel, which reads the finger of the switch lever and springs for the switch lever, as well as switching apparatus in form of a switch for the indicator wheel and placed on the axis of the switch lever with a spring for the switch lever, which reads the finger of the switch lever and the switching element. ^ EFFECT: simple design of the device, high accuracy and reliability of the device, suitability for installation in any analogue clocks with possibility of adjusting rate of switching, large switching angle, and with possibility of making an indicator calendar element in form of a ring without axial fastening. ^ 10 cl, 12 dwg

Description

FIELD OF TECHNOLOGY

The invention relates to chronology, to devices of clock mechanisms, to the design of a mechanical calendar and methods for quickly switching its indicator elements.

The device can be used in chronological and clock mechanisms for switching indicator elements of calendars, as well as in the manufacture of wrist, table or pocket watches or clock devices with built-in calendars.

BACKGROUND

Information about the first calendar devices used in mechanical watches originates in the 14th century. Even then, these calendar devices could show the phases of the moon, the current date, month and day of the week.

For many centuries, the calendar device has not changed much: the calendar was driven by a clock wheel, making one revolution in 12 hours (or a daily wheel, making one revolution per day), on which there was a pin, turning the indicator wheel by one tooth.

The emergence of pocket watches, and later wrist watches, the associated reduction in size, the increased complexity of manufacturing individual parts, as well as the desire of craftsmen to stand out against the backdrop of growing competition, forced them to come up with new solutions and functions for calendar devices. So, at the end of the 19th century, devices of the perpetual calendar appeared, in the middle of the 19th century calendars appeared with disk date displays.

Initially, only arrow indicators were used in calendars, but later on, calendars with arrow indicators were replaced by calendars showing the numbers of the month and days of the week in the dial windows, where all the information was present on the indicator disks. The readability of the calendar parameters of the current time has improved, since the calendar scales and arrows have been removed from the area of the dial.

The first calendar devices were of a long duration in terms of the change of readings, so there was a problem of reading the calendar readings during the period of switching it.

Either empty space or parts of adjacent numbers or letters appear in the windows of the dial during a slow change of calendar readings, therefore, calendars were developed for instant-time clocks in which indicator elements were switched in a very short time.

Calendar devices with disc indications indicating the days of the week are usually performed with the disc mounted on an axis, and not in a clip, due to the very large angle that the switch lever or pin had to go through. In this case, the switchable element, as a rule, is made in the form of an asterisk with working external teeth, and the calendar disk in such devices, as a rule, was made as light as possible.

If the weight of the calendar disk needed to be increased, then this task turned out to be technically difficult for the calendars to instantly switch the disk due to the large shock moment, which led to wear of the teeth, as well as a large number of failures of the calendar device.

Thus, when using calendar clock devices, the practical problem arises of instant or adjustable switching of a large-weight indicator disk made in the form of a ring to a large angle.

To solve this problem, various designs were proposed, however, all of the designs and mechanisms known so far have certain technical disadvantages that are eliminated by the present invention.

A device for correcting the calendar and other functions of the watch is known, including a means for driving the lever actuator for correcting the calendar and other functions of the watch, in which to increase the reliability of the operation and tightness of the watch with a calendar and other additional functions, as well as to reduce the size of the watch while increasing the length the working movement of the actuator actuator, simplifying the manufacturing and assembly technology of the mechanism, means of driving the lever olnitelnogo calendar correction mechanism and the other clock functions performed in the switch lever, made with the possibility of driving the actuator lever when moving the shift lever along a side surface of the watch case and automatic return to the starting position. In addition, the device according to the invention is made placed in the side of the watch case, in which the corresponding grooves and slots are made, as well as grooves for sealing means [6].

The calendar mechanism for indicating the date and days of the week is known, which contains at least two Maltese cross-clutches, with one Maltese cross serving as a drive for date indicators and the other as a drive for days of the week, and one of them contains a magnetic device for magnetic coupling [7].

It is also known that the Maltese cross is a device for converting continuous rotation into intermittent. It is mainly used as one of the components of mechanical systems of automatic machines, projection apparatuses and installations in which periodic stops in movement are necessary, for example, to perform a certain technological operation, shutter speed, etc. [8].

Known calendar device for watches with instant switching, containing a spring-loaded lever mounted on the axis with the possibility of additional movement, a finger mounted on the sleeve of the daily wheel and a numerical ring, in which to increase the reliability of operation of the device and eliminate slipping of the numerical ring when switching the lever is equipped with a straight guide a groove and has a protrusion that switches a numerical ring made in the form of a tooth [9].

A calendar device for a clockwork of a modular design is known in the form of a perpetual calendar, which is driven by a clock wheel performing one revolution in 24 hours, with the possibility of preventing twisting and without significant impact on the duration and accuracy of the stroke. This calendar device is designed to be mounted in a clockwork and is driven by a clock wheel, which performs one revolution in 24 hours, and also includes two index disks with gear crowns, with the help of which units and tens of days of the month are indicated, the program carrier, equipped with a ring gear, which performs one revolution in 31 days, and a lock spring interacting with this ring gear. In addition to this calendar device, two locking elements of the index discs are introduced, controlled by the program carrier in such a way that on those days on which there is a danger of twisting of the index discs, they are rotated into the gear ring of the corresponding index disc and removed from it, thereby preventing the danger of twisting index disk. At the same time, the program carrier contains, as one of the controls, a radially protruding pin configured to interact with one of the additional locking elements to block the rotational movement of one of the ring gears, and one of the locking elements contains a pin interacting with the radial protruding the control element of the program carrier and placed on the locking spring, and the locking spring has a bending point, which is located so that the pin move the unit along a path that ensures the implementation of locking and unlocking function of the indicator disc [10].

A watch is known with a calendar equipped with a calendar corrector setting wheel, which is located on the dial side of the main plate and which oscillates having a rotation center in the second region in order to correct the date indicator and corrector for the day of the week. Watches with a calendar are also equipped with a means of normalizing the date, which is located on the dial side of the main plate to normalize the date indicator in the third region, means of normalizing the day of the week indicator, to normalize the asterisk of the day of the week in the second region or third region, and means for activating the date indicator and means for activating the indicator of the day of the week, having a center of rotation in the fourth region. The transfer lever and the crank are located on the side opposite the dial on the main plate. The technical result of the invention is the creation of a thin wristwatch with a calendar, simple in design, with a rigid fastening of the dial to the main plate [11].

The closest in technical essence and achieved by using the technical result (prototype) is a calendar clock with a sudden advance (the so-called instant advancement) of the time indicator, in which the mechanism for the date indicator has two coaxial wheels to each other, of which the first makes 1 revolution 24 hours, and the second turns around at a slightly different speed to the first. Both wheels are connected to each other by means of an elastic device, which is stretched to the extent that the shift in the angle between the two wheels increases due to the difference in their number of revolutions. At the same time, a means is provided that once every 24 hours releases the second wheel from its drive device, so that it is brought into a sudden rotating motion under the influence of the elastic device, and during this momentary jump-like movement the date indicator is translated by 1 step. In this case, the elastic device consists of a spring wire in the form of an open ring, both ends of which are bent at a right angle, and elongated protrusions rise on each wheel, which are located one above the other under the influence of a spring at the end of one moving movement of the date indicator [12 (prototype)] .

Common disadvantages of the above analogues and prototype are the lack of reliability, the inability to control the switching speed, the limited switching angle, the need for axial mounting of the indicator calendar disc and the inability to install in any analog clock,

TASK AND TECHNICAL RESULT

The objective of the invention and the technical result obtained from its use is to create a device that is simple in design, accurate and reliable to use, cheap to manufacture, and suitable for installation in almost any analog clock device for instant (quick) switching of calendar display elements designed to indicate days weeks, dates, months and other units of time with the ability to control the switching speed, a large switching angle, as well as with the possibility of manufacturing Ia calendar indicator element in the form of a ring without axial fixing and simplify the construction of the corresponding clock and calendar.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The problem is solved, and the required technical result is achieved by the fact that in the device for instant switching of the calendar of mechanical watches with a daily wheel containing an indicator element, means for bringing the indicator element into motion, means for accumulating switching energy and switching means, according to the invention

the indicator element is made in the form of an indicator ring with teeth along the inner or outer rim,

means for bringing the indicator element into motion is made in the form of an indicator wheel in gear engagement with teeth on the rim of the indicator ring,

means for accumulating switching energy is made in the form of a snail attached to the daily wheel, a finger reading the switch lever and the spring of the switch lever, and

the switching means is made in the form of a switch of an indicator wheel and a switch mounted on an axis of the lever of the switch with a spring of the switch lever, a finger of the switch lever and a switching element.

In this case, the instant calendar switching device comprises a spring-loaded dog engaged with the teeth on the rim of the indicator ring, configured to provide one-way rotation of the indicator ring, and the indicator ring is made to rotate by means of support rings mounted on the outer or inner rim of the indicator ring and fixed in the watch case clips.

Indicator means are applied on the indicator ring in the form of indicators of the days of the week, dates or months with the possibility of their display in the corresponding window of the watch dial, while the indicator ring can be configured to indicate hours or minutes.

The indicator wheel switch is made in the form of a switch rigidly fixed to the indicator wheel of the wheel, gear engaged with a switching element of the switch lever made in the form of a comb, or the indicator wheel switch is made in the form of an intermediate tribe fixed to the indicator wheel, made with the possibility of gearing with pins mounted on the additional wheel of the switch, and the switching element of the switch lever is made in the form of a gear pusher of the switch lever with the possibility of engagement with pins mounted on the additional wheel of the switch, the gear pusher of the lever mounted on the axis and contains pushing and locking planes in contact with the pins mounted on the additional switch wheel.

The problem is solved, and the desired technical result is achieved by the fact that by the method of instantly switching the calendar of mechanical watches containing an indicator element, means for bringing the indicator element into motion, means for accumulating switching energy and switching means, according to the invention

the indicator element is in the form of an indicator ring with teeth along the outer or inner rim,

means for driving the indicator element in motion is performed in the form of an indicator wheel in gear engagement with teeth on the outer or inner rim of the indicator ring,

the switching energy storage means is performed in the form of a snail attached to the daily wheel, a finger of the switch lever and a spring of the switch lever, and

the switching means is carried out in the form of a switch mounted on an axis of a lever with a switch lever spring, a finger of a switch lever and a switching element, and an indicator wheel switch.

In this case, the above-described device for instantly switching the calendar of mechanical watches is used.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The invention is illustrated by drawings.

Figure 1 shows a General view of a variant of the device according to the invention.

Figure 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 shows a simplified version of the design of the device according to the invention.

6, 7, 8, 9, 10 and 11 show an advantageous embodiment of the device according to the invention.

On Fig shows a General appearance of a mechanical watch with a quick calendar switching device according to the invention, which shows a fragment of the surface of the indicator ring with an indication of the day of the week in a window on the watch dial.

A general embodiment of a mechanical watch calendar instant switching device according to the invention comprises a clock wheel 1, a daily wheel 2, a snail 3, a finger 4, a switch lever 5, a spring of a switch lever 6, a spring of a finger 7, an axis of the lever of the switch 8, an axis of the pusher 9, the spring of the pusher 10, the pusher of the lever of the switch 11, the wheel of the switch 12, the indicator wheel 13, the indicator ring 14, the support rollers 15, the dog 16 and the spring of the dog 17.

An advantageous embodiment of the mechanical calendar watch instant switching device of the mechanical watch according to the invention further comprises an intermediate switch wheel 19 with pins, an intermediate trib 20, a pusher tooth 21, a pushing tooth plane 22, a fixing tooth plane 23.

IMPLEMENTATION AND INDUSTRIAL IMPLEMENTATION OF THE INVENTION

Structurally, the device according to the invention consists of an indicator element in the form of an indicator ring with means for driving it, means of energy storage - storage and switching means - switch.

The drive is designed to store energy per day and consists of a snail 3 attached to the daily wheel 2 (Fig. 2) and a switch lever 5 with a read finger 4 and a spring of the switch lever 6 (Figs. 1, 2, 4-11).

The switch is designed for instant transmission of energy accumulated per day to the indicator elements.

The indicator element is designed to indicate the calendar readings and is made in the form of an indicator wheel 14 with calendar display means applied on its surface in the form of names of days of the week, months, etc., which are shown in the corresponding window of the clock dial (Fig. 12).

An embodiment of the device is shown in FIGS. 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5.

According to this embodiment of the claimed device, the switch consists of a switch lever 5, an axis of a switch lever 8, a spring of a switch lever, 6 a reading finger 4, a spring of a finger 7, a comb 11, a spring of a comb 10, an axis of the comb 9.

The indicator element according to this embodiment of the inventive device consists of an indicator ring 14, and the means for driving it comprises a dog 16, a dog spring 17, support rollers 15, an indicator wheel 13 and a switch wheel 12.

The indicator ring 14 rotates on the support rollers 15, is in constant engagement with the indicator wheel 13 and can only perform one-sided rotation due to the presence of the dog 16, the spring-loaded spring of the dog 17, providing one-way rotation of the indicator ring 14.

According to the first embodiment, the inventive device is structurally made and operates as follows (FIGS. 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5).

The watch wheel 1 of the watch mechanism makes two turns per day.

With the clock wheel 1, the daily wheel 2 engages.

On the daily wheel 2 there is a snail 3 rigidly attached to it, which rotates with the daily wheel 2.

Spring-loaded finger 7 reading finger 4, located on the lever of the switch 5, is pressed against the profile of the cochlea 3 under the pressure of the spring of the lever of the switch 6.

Every day, the lever of the switch 5 is gradually raised according to the profile of the cochlea 3, accumulating energy in the spring of the lever of the switch 6.

After passing the edge A of the cochlea 3 (FIG. 2), the finger 4 together with the switch lever 5 breaks off the top of the cochlea 3 and falls into the cavity C (FIG. 2), entraining the comb 11 located on it.

The comb 11, spring-loaded by the spring of the comb 10, at the moment of falling is engaged with the wheel of the switch 12.

The wheel of the switch 12, coaxially and rigidly connected to the indicator wheel 13, performs the corresponding rotation, dragging along the indicator ring 14.

In the process of energy storage, the lever of the switch 5 gradually rises relative to the profile of the cochlea 3, accumulating energy in the spring of the lever of the switch 6.

The comb 11 is movable on the axis of the comb 9 and, in the process of raising the lever of the switch 5, disengages from the wheel of the switch 12 and bends inward, so that the indicator ring 14, the indicator wheel 13 and the wheel of the switch 12 can perform only one-sided rotation.

When raising the lever of the switch 5, the wheel of the switch 12 is in a stationary position.

Correction of the calendar can be done by translating the hands (by rotating the clock wheel). Correction of time in this embodiment is possible clockwise.

An advantageous embodiment of the device is shown in Fig.6. 7, 8, 9, 10, 11.

According to this embodiment of the inventive device, the switch consists of a switch lever 5, an axis of a switch lever 8, a spring of a switch lever 6, a spring of a finger 7, a comb of a lever of a switch 11, a spring of a comb 10, an axis of the comb 9, the wheels of the switch 12, pins switch wheels 19.

The indicator element according to this embodiment of the inventive device also consists of an indicator ring 14, but the means for driving it and fixing it consists of an indicator wheel 13 and an intermediate tribe 20, a dog 16, a spring of a dog 17, and support rollers 15.

The indicator ring 14 rotates on the support rollers 15 and can perform only one-sided rotation due to the presence of the dog 16, the spring-loaded spring of the dog 17, providing one-way rotation of the indicator ring 14.

According to this preferred embodiment, the inventive device is structurally constructed and operates as follows (Fig. 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11).

The watch wheel 1 of the watch mechanism makes two turns per day.

With the clock wheel 1, the daily wheel 2 engages.

On the daily wheel there is a snail 3 attached to it, which rotates with the daily wheel 2.

Spring-loaded finger 7 reading finger 4, located on the lever of the switch 5, is pressed against the profile of the cochlea 3 under the pressure of the spring of the lever of the switch 6.

Every day, the switch lever 5 is gradually raised relative to the profile of the cochlea 3, accumulating energy in the spring of the switch lever.

After passing the edge of the cochlea 3, the finger 4 together with the lever of the switch 5 breaks off the top of the cochlea and falls into the cavity, dragging the comb 11 located on it.

The tooth of the comb 21, located on the comb 11, spring-loaded spring of the comb 10, at the time of falling is in contact with one of the pins of the wheel of the switch 19.

In the process of falling, the comb 11 carries along the pin of the wheel of the switch 19, causing the wheel of the switch 12 to rotate.

The wheel of the switch 12 rotates being in mesh with the intermediate tribe 20.

The intermediate tribe 20 is fixedly connected to the indicator wheel 13, which rotates with it.

While rotating, the indicator wheel 13 rotates the indicator ring 14 which is engaged with it.

Rotating, the clock wheel 1 rotates the diurnal wheel 2, making a revolution per day. On a daily wheel 2 a snail 3 is fixedly fixed, having a profile with a peak A, a depression B and a plane C (Fig. 2).

In the process of energy storage, the lever of the switch 5 gradually rises relative to the profile of the cochlea 3, accumulating energy in the spring of the lever of the switch 6.

The comb 11 is movable on the axis of the comb 9 in the process of raising the lever of the switch 5, rises with it and bends inward, thus the indicator ring 14, the indicator wheel 13, the intermediate tribe 20 and the wheel of the switch 12 can only perform one-way rotation due to the fixation of the dog 16 dog spring 17.

When raising the lever of the switch 5, the wheel of the switch 12 is in a stationary position.

The tooth 21 located on the comb 11 has a pushing plane 22 and a fixing plane 23 (FIG. 11).

When falling onto the cavity B of the cochlea 3 of the reading finger 4 of the switch lever 5 of the comb 11, with the help of the tooth of the comb 21 fixes the position of the wheel of the switch 12 using two planes of the tooth 21 - the fixing plane 22 and the pushing 23, fixing the position of the two pins 19 on the wheel of the switch 12.

Correction of the calendar in this case can be done by translating the arrows.

Time correction in this embodiment of the device is possible in any direction.

The fundamental difference between the claimed device and other similar devices is the implementation of the indicator element in the form of an indicator ring with teeth along the inner or outer rim, the presence of a system of one-sided rotation of the indicator ring by means of support rollers and a spring-loaded dog, and while raising the switching element, the indicator wheel remains stationary, and in the moment of falling of the switching element, the indicator wheel rotates a certain predetermined angle, which ensures I have a one-way rotation of the indicator ring and a movable switching element on the switch lever.

Similar results can also be obtained by providing a degree of freedom of the axis of the switch lever, making the switching element rigidly connected to the switch lever, and also ensuring the degree of freedom of the switch wheel and the indicator wheel, for example, placing them on a movable bridge or in a groove.

On the indicator ring, it is possible to apply any indication, for example, days of the week, date or months, which can be displayed in the corresponding window of the watch dial.

In addition, the indicator ring can also be used in watch devices to indicate hours or minutes.

Such a device according to the invention is most effective when used with a minimum number of indicator positions where instantaneous passage of a large angle by the indicator ring is necessary. In particular, when the readings (indications) of the days of the week, the angle of passage (rotation) of the indicator element is 51, 43 degrees.

The calculation and manufacture of the cochlea 3 is as follows.

The height AB of the differential of the cochlea 3 in the plane C (FIG. 2) is selected based on the required angle of rotation of the indicator ring, the angle of elevation of the switch lever and the gear ratio between the comb, comb wheel, indicator wheel and indicator ring.

The ratio of the angle of rotation of the indicator ring to the angle of elevation of the switch lever is equal to the gear ratio between the comb and the indicator ring.

The remaining parts are made by methods known in the watch industry from materials commonly used in watch movements.

Individual elements and components of the device can be made in various designs with the ability to implement the required functions.

INFORMATION SOURCES

1. Krasovsky B.P. Hourly automatic calendars. Moscow, VINITI, 1999.

2. Romanov A.D. Designing time devices. Moscow, Higher School, 1985

3. De Carl Donald. Complicated watches and their repair, State Scientific and Technical Publishing House of Engineering Literature, Moscow, 1960.

4. Humbert B. Montres Les. Calendrier Modernes, editions Antoine Simonin, Neuchatel, Suisse, 2007.

5. Le Coultre Fransois. A Guide to Complicated Watches, editions Antoine Simonin, Neuchatel, Suisse, 2000.

6. RF patent 2368930, G04B 19/24, publ. 09/27/2009.

7. Patent of Germany No. 2361685, G04B 19/24, 08/08/1978.

8. Artobolevsky I.I. Mechanisms in modern technology. T.1, M., 1970; Engineering. Encyclopedic reference book. T. 9, M., 1949, p. 95-98.

9. RF patent 219440, G04B 19/24, publ. 01/01/1968.

10. RF patent 2234724, G04B 19/24, publ. 08/20/2004; PCT Application EP 01/03884 04/05/2001, Publ. PCT WO 01/77756 10/18/2001.

11. RF patent 2146832, G04B 19/24, publ. 03/20/2000.

12. Switzerland patent No. 458216, Cl. 83a, 19/24, 08/15/1968 (prototype).

Claims (10)

1. A device for instantly switching the calendar of a mechanical watch with a daily wheel, comprising an indicator element, means for bringing the indicator element into motion, means for accumulating switching energy and switching means, characterized in that the indicator element is made in the form of an indicator ring with teeth on the inner or outer rim, means for bringing the indicator element into motion is made in the form of an indicator wheel in gear engagement with teeth on the rim of the indicator ring, medium The accumulation of switching energy is made in the form of a snail attached to the daily wheel, the finger of the switch lever and the spring of the switch lever, and the switching means is made in the form of an indicator wheel mounted on the axis of the lever of the switch with the spring of the switch lever, the finger of the switch lever and the switching element. 2. The instant calendar switching device according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains a spring-loaded dog, which is engaged with the teeth on the rim of the indicator ring, configured to provide one-way rotation of the indicator ring. 3. The instant calendar switching device according to claim 1, characterized in that the indicator ring is rotatable by means of support rollers mounted on the outer or inner rim of the indicator ring and fixed in the watch case. 4. The instant calendar switching device according to claim 1, characterized in that the indicator ring is provided with indicators in the form of indicators of the days of the week, dates or months with the possibility of their display in the corresponding window of the clock dial. 5. The instant calendar switching device according to claim 1, characterized in that the indicator ring is configured to indicate hours or minutes. 6. The instant calendar switching device according to claim 1, characterized in that the indicator wheel switch is made in the form of a switch wheel rigidly fixed to the indicator wheel, gear engaged with a switching element of the switch lever made in the form of a comb. 7. The instant switching device of the calendar according to claim 1, characterized in that the indicator wheel switch is made in the form of an intermediate tribe fixed to the indicator wheel, gear-mounted with pins mounted on the additional switch wheel, and the switching element of the switch lever is made in the form gear pusher of the switch lever with the possibility of engagement with pins mounted on the additional switch wheel. 8. The instant calendar switching device according to claim 7, characterized in that the gear lever pusher is mounted on the axis and contains a pushing and fixing plane in contact with the pins mounted on the additional switch wheel. 9. A method for instantly switching the calendar of mechanical watches containing an indicator element, means for bringing the indicator element into motion, means for accumulating switching energy and switching means, characterized in that the indicator element is made in the form of an indicator ring with teeth along the outer or inner rim, means for bringing the indicator element in motion is performed in the form of an indicator wheel, in gear engagement with teeth on the outer or inner rim of the indicator ring a, the switching energy storage means is implemented in the form of a snail attached to the daily wheel, the finger of the switch lever and the spring of the switch lever, and the switching means is in the form of a switch lever mounted on the axis of the lever with the switch lever spring, the finger of the switch lever reading and the switching element, and the switch indicator wheel. 10. A method of instantly switching the calendar of mechanical watches, characterized in that they use the device for instantly switching the calendar of mechanical watches according to any one of claims 1 to 8.

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