RU2308748C1 - Moslem calendar (variants) and method for determining moslem calendar dates - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: chronology, namely, mechanical devices and methods for determining dates, months and years of moon Moslem calendar, possible use, in particular, in chronological and clock mechanisms for determining dates, months and years of Moslem Hijri calendar connected to moon cycle, which shift constantly compared to Gregorian calendar which is connected to sun cycle, also may be used during manufacture of watches or pocket watches or clock devices with Moslem Hijri calendar or other devices with moon-based time cycle.

SUBSTANCE: in accordance to the invention, in Moslem calendar the scale of dates comprises serially positioned digits or marks of dates of even moon month from 1 to 29 and digits or marks of dates of odd moon month from 1 to 30. The scale of dates may be made in form of a circle with two sectors, one of which contains digits and marks of dates of even moon month from 1 to 29, distributed evenly along a circle, and another one of which contains digits and marks of dates of odd moon month from 1 to 30, distributed evenly along a circle. The scale of dates may be made immovably, and device for showing a date on scale of dates may be made in form of rotating arrow pointer, with possible pointing at appropriate date on scale of dates from 1 to 29 on sector of dates of even moon month or pointing at appropriate date on scale of dates from 1 to 30 on sector of scale of dates of odd moon month. The scale of dates may be positioned on rotary disk, and device for showing a date on scale of dates may be made in form of a window in clock index plate with possible showing of corresponding date from 1 to 29 on date sector of even moon month of the scale of dates in the window, or showing of corresponding date from 1 to 30 on date sector of odd moon month of the scale of dates in the window.

EFFECT: increased precision, increased reliability in use, possible installation into practically any analog clock.

3 cl, 7 dwg

Description

Technical field

The invention relates to chronology, to mechanical calendar devices and methods for determining the numbers, months and years of the lunar Muslim calendar and can be used, in particular, in chronological and clock mechanisms to determine the numbers, months and years associated with the lunar cycle of the Hijra Muslim calendar, constantly changing relative to the numbers and months associated with the solar cycle of the Gregorian calendar, and can also be used in the manufacture of wrist or pocket watches or watch devices with mu Islamic Hijra calendar or other lunar time cycle devices.

State of the art

Many ancient peoples - the Babylonians, Jews, Greeks, Chinese - previously used the lunar calendar, but later switched to the lunar-solar calendar system, and then to the solar calendar system in the form of the initially widespread Julian, and then the generally accepted Gregorian calendar.

Lunar calendars are based on the lunar cycle, lunar-solar calendars on the lunar-solar cycle, and solar calendars are based on the solar cycle.

However, in many countries of the Near and Middle East, for example, Algeria, Indonesia, Morocco, Pakistan, and some others, in which Islam is the dominant religion, a calendar is currently used based solely on the visible movement of the moon (lunar cycle) and completely independent of movement of the sun (solar cycle). At the same time, the Muslim calendar lunar month does not coincide with the astronomical lunar month, since the reckoning according to the Muslim calendar began with a specific historical event at a particular point in time, and date adjustments are made according to certain rules.

In contrast to the Julian calendar, widely used until 1582, and the currently widely recognized Gregorian calendar, according to which the tropical solar year (the time between the two winter solstices) is considered equal to 365 or 366 days, the Muslim calendar is built only on the account of the lunar cycle and therefore, it is lunar, and the length of the year according to the Muslim calendar is 354 or 355 days.

All Muslim lunar calendars are based either on an 8-year periodicity ("Turkish cycle") or on a 30-year periodicity ("Arabic cycle"), and in some countries of the East (Turkey, Iran, Afghanistan), calendars built on both one and the other cycle.

The starting date for the introduction of the Muslim Hijra calendar (Hijra, Arabic - relocation) is considered July 16, 622 according to the Julian calendar - the day the Prophet Muhammad and his followers moved from Mecca to Medina. Under the Caliph Omar I in 637, this day was declared the beginning of the Muslim era, and from that day began the reckoning of the Muslim Hijra calendar.

The Hijra Muslim calendar is a lunar calendar in which a calendar year is equal to the duration of the 12 revolutions of the moon around the earth. Moreover, the lunar astronomical month lasts - 29.5305889 sunny days, the length of the lunar astronomical year is 354.36706668 sunny days, the length of the Muslim lunar month is 29 or 30 days, and the length of the Muslim lunar year is 354 or 355 days.

Compared with the solar Gregorian calendar, when calculating according to the lunar Muslim calendar of the Hijra, an annual shift of 10-12 days occurs. 33 years of Hijra are approximately equal to 32 solar years.

In pre-Islamic times, in the then-used lunar-solar Arabic calendar, the months remained in their places during the solar year due to the fact that as the "extra days" accumulated, the 13th month - "nasi" was added to the lunar year.

However, the founder of Islam, the prophet Muhammad, once forbade Muslims from adding these days, and the Koran specifically stated that only the Moon is the measure of time. It was allowed only in leap lunar years to increase the number of days from 354 to 355 to keep the new moon near the first day of the month. These additional days are included in the last month of the lunar year - Suhl-Hijjah, which usually has 29 days.

Thus, the Muslim lunar year is always shorter than the solar Gregorian year by 10 days, if the lunar year is a leap year and the sun is simple; for 11 days if both years are simple or leap; and even for 12 days if the lunar year is simple and the solar year is a leap year.

Accordingly, if in 2000 the beginning of the year according to the Muslim calendar was on April 6, then the beginning of the next year was March 26, 2001, and then March 15, 2002. Thus, the beginning of the year eventually moves from spring to winter, from winter in the fall, then in the summer, and finally again returns to spring. Therefore, in the Muslim calendar there are no winter, spring, summer and autumn months, since they "roam" for all seasons.

In this regard, at present, the Muslim lunar year is not tied to the seasons, and the Muslim lunar months move throughout all times of the solar Gregorian year. For example, the month of Ramadan, whose name in Arabic means “burning”, can be in winter, and in spring, and in summer, and in autumn.

The number of months in the Muslim Hijra calendar, as in the Gregorian calendar, 12, and their names are the same as in the ancient lunar-solar Arabic calendar, and due to the fact that the astronomical lunar month lasts 29.5305889 sunny days (29 days 12 hours 44 minutes 3.8 seconds), it was found that the even lunar months of the Muslim Hijra calendar have 29, and the odd ones 30 days:

1. Muharram - Muharram - 30 days;

2. Safar - Safar - 29 days;

3. Rabi AI-Awal (Rabi "I) - Rabi-ul-avval - 30 days;

4. Rabi AI-Akher (Rabi "II) - Rabi-ul-ahir - 29 days;

5. Jumada AI-Awal (Jumada I) - Jumad-ul-Aval - 30 days;

6. Jumada AI-Akher (Jumada II) - Jumad-ul-ahir - 29 days;

7. Rajab - Rajab - 30 days;

8. Sha "ban - Shaaban - 29 days;

9. Ramadan - Ramadan (in Persian) or Ramadan (in Turkic) - 30 days;

10. Shawwal - Shavval - 29 days;

11. Zul-Qa "dah - Zul-Qa'ad - 30 days;

12. Zul-Hijjah - Zul-Hijjah - 29 days.

Moreover, according to the Muslim calendar, 1, 7, 8 and 9 months (Muharram, Rajab, Shaaban and Ramadan) are considered sacred, during which any armed clashes were prohibited. In addition, the holy day of the week is Friday.

According to the Muslim calendar for new moons, not only months are determined, but also the dates of Muslim holidays and memorable events for each year.

As an example, Table 1 shows the dates of the main Muslim holidays moving in the 1426 Hijra or 2005-2006 Gregorian calendar, moving each year.

Muslim holidays in 1426 / 2005-2006

Table 1 Holidays Hijri Date European calendar date First day of fasting 1 Ramadan 1426 October 4, 2005 (with sunset) Lailat ul-Qadr 20-29 Ramadan 1426 October 23 - November 1, 2005 Eid ul Fitr 1 Chowal 1426 November 3, 2005 The beginning of the Hajj 8-13 Suhl-Hija 1426 January 8-13, 2006 Arafat Day 9 Suhl-Hija 1426 January 9, 2006 Eid ul Adha 10 Suhl-Hija 1426 January 10, 2006

Due to the constant changes in the dates of the Muslim calendar relative to the generally accepted Gregorian calendar in the world, practical problems arise of accurate, regular and simple determination of the numbers, months and years of the Hijra Muslim calendar.

To determine the numbers of the lunar Muslim Hijra calendar relative to the dates of the solar Gregorian calendar and vice versa, there are special calculation formulas and tables, however they are complicated and inconvenient to use, because they either require complex calculations or they contain voluminous lists of the corresponding numbers, months and years of the Gregorian calendar and Muslim Hijra calendar.

In particular, for the approximate translation of the year of the Muslim calendar in the years of the Gregorian calendar, the following formula is used:

G = M + 622-M: 33,

where G is the year of the Gregorian calendar, M is the year of the Muslim calendar.

For example, if you want to know which year of the Gregorian calendar corresponds to the year 1418 of the Hijra, then substituting the number 1418 in the formula instead of M, we get:

G = 1418 + 622-1418: 33 = 1997-.

The sign - (minus) indicates that there is a fraction left from dividing 1418 by 33, which must be taken away from 1997. This means that the year 1418 of the Hijra corresponds to 1996-1997. Gregorian calendar.

And vice versa, if it is necessary to establish which year of the Hijra any year of the Gregorian calendar will correspond, for example 2003, the formula is used:

M = G-622 + (G-622): 32.

For this example, M = 2003-622 + (2003-622): 32 = 1424 +.

The + sign means that the fraction obtained by dividing the difference 2003-622 by 32 should be added to the number 1424.

In other words, the 2003 Gregorian calendar will fall on the years 1424-1425 of the Hijra.

The calculation of the comparative dates of the Muslim and Gregorian calendars, including the day of the month, month and year, is much more complicated and cumbersome.

Mechanical calendar devices widely used in mechanical watches with a daily time cycle are known which show only the day numbers in relatively simple watches, and days of the week and months of the solar Gregorian calendar in more complex watches. Moreover, these mechanical calendar devices, as a rule, require a monthly additional adjustment of numbers at the end of the previous or beginning of each subsequent month.

It is known, in particular, that the calendar device for the clockwork developed by the Glashütter Urenbetrib GmbH (DE) and inventors Weissbach Siegfried (DE) and Kaden Eberhard (DE) is powered by a clock wheel that performs one revolution in 24 hours.

This device requires regular adjustment of the day of the month at the end of the month, therefore, to prevent twisting of the number of days, the impact on the duration and accuracy of the course, this calendar device includes two index disks with gear crowns, with the help of which units and tens of days of the month are indicated, the program carrier equipped with a ring gear that performs one revolution in 31 days, and a locking spring interacting with this ring gear and two additional locking elements of the index discs, media-controlled programs in such a way that on those days in which there is a danger of twisting of the index discs, they are rotated into the gear ring of the corresponding index disc and removed from it, thereby preventing the danger of twisting of the index disc [1].

Known electromechanical watches with a moon phase indicator, comprising a case with a dial and arrows placed on it, associated with an electromechanical drive, including a pulse generator stabilized by a quartz stabilizer, a frequency divider, a stepping mechanism and gears of an arrow drive, characterized in that in addition to the numbers on the dial the image of the phases of the moon (the symbol of the new moon, the growing moon, the symbol of the full moon and the waning moon) is plotted, and the electromechanical drive of the additional arrow is adjusted so It means that one turn of the arrow on the dial corresponds to a synodic lunar month equal to 29.530588 sunny days [2].

Known chronometer Geylison William E. (US) for displaying the phases of the moon when indicating the time of day, containing a time indicator located on the dial, and indicator elements of the phases of the moon, in which the indicator elements of the phases of the moon are configured to supply electric power to them to form a contrasting combination light and shadow synchronously with the phases of the moon, in addition, the chronometer contains a controller for selectively supplying electrical power to the indicator elements of the phases of the moon and a microprocessor to control the controller. Moreover, the indicator elements of the phases of the moon contain liquid crystal elements and contain four adjacent discrete indicator sections made with the possibility of sequential supply of electric power to them to display the eight phases of the moon [3].

Thin wristwatches with a calendar and with a rigid dial fastening to the main plate of Seiko Instruments, Inc. are known. (JP), equipped with a calendar corrector setting wheel, which is located on the dial side of the main plate and which oscillates having a rotation center in the second region, for the purpose of adjusting the date indicator and the corrector for the day of the week, which are also equipped with a date normalization tool, which is located on the side the dial of the main plate to normalize the date indicator in the third region, by means of normalizing the indicator of the day of the week, to normalize the asterisk of the day of the week in the second region or third region and, and actuating means display the date and means of activating the indicator of the day of the week, having rotating center in the fourth area. In this case, the transfer lever and the winding lever are located on the side opposite to the dial on the main plate [4].

Also known are calendar devices having a lunar phase indicator, traditionally called the lunar calendar. They are intended more for domestic or pseudo-astronomical use, but cannot be a Muslim calendar, since they usually do not allow you to find out the current month and year of the Muslim calendar. The Muslim calendar is called the lunar calendar solely because of its direct reference to the lunar monthly cycle, and the Muslim calendar is carried out according to the lunar monthly cycle, although Muslim lunar months differ from astronomical lunar months.

The closest in technical essence and achieved using the technical result (prototype) is Michel Parmigiani’s mechanical Muslim calendar installed mainly on analogue clocks, which shows on a scale consisting of sequentially located digits from 1 to 30 of the month, taking into account 29-day and 30 -day months and usually made amendments to 30-year cycles of the lunar calendar through special mechanisms, the first of which provides movement from the rotational part and at the end azhdogo day of the month indicator changes one step. The second mechanism associated with the first one ensures the transition from the 29th to the 1st day of the next month at the end of each lunar month with 29 days, and the third mechanism temporarily neutralizes the action of the second mechanism at the end of additional corrections determined by the 30-year cycle in the last the day of the twelfth and final month of these years [5] (prototype).

The technical disadvantages of the Muslim calendar of the prototype are the technical complexity in the implementation and operation, and accordingly, its very high cost and practical inaccessibility to the vast majority of consumers. In addition, this Muslim calendar is configured only for the Arabic 30-year cycle and it is impossible to rebuild to the Turkish 8-year cycle of the year without significant alterations.

Tasks and technical result

The objective of the invention and the technical result obtained from its use is to create a calendar device that is simple in design, accurate and reliable to use, cheap to manufacture, and suitable for installation in almost any analogue clock to determine numbers, days of the week, months, and years according to the Muslim calendar Hijrah with a simultaneous practical solution to the Turkish-Arab problem of the Muslim calendar of times in different time cycles.

Disclosure of invention

The problem is solved, and the technical result required during the implementation of the invention is achieved by the fact that in a Muslim calendar containing a scale of numbers and means for displaying numbers on a scale of numbers, according to the invention, the scale of numbers contains sequentially arranged numbers or marks of numbers of an even Muslim lunar month from 1 to 29 and digits or numbers of the odd Muslim lunar month from 1 to 30, while the scale of numbers is made in the form of a circle with two sectors, one of which contains evenly distributed numbers or marks edelennye circumferentially even numbers Muslim lunar month from 1 to 29, and on the other - are uniformly distributed circumferentially numbers or odd numbers of tags Muslim lunar month from 1 to 30.

In one embodiment, the scale of numbers is stationary, and the means of displaying a number on a scale of numbers is made in the form of a rotating arrow pointer with the ability to indicate on a round scale of numbers the corresponding number of the Muslim calendar from 1 to 29 on the sector of the numbers of an even Muslim lunar month, or indicate the scale of numbers for the corresponding number from 1 to 30 on the sector of the scale of numbers of the odd Muslim lunar month (Figs. 5, 7).

In another embodiment, the round number scale is located on a rotating disk, and the means for displaying the number on the number scale is made in the form of a window on the dial with the possibility of showing in the window the corresponding number from 1 to 29 on the numbers sector of the even Muslim lunar month of the number scale or display in the window the corresponding number from 1 to 30 on the sector of the numbers of the odd Muslim lunar month of the scale of numbers (Fig.6).

In addition, the Muslim calendar according to the invention contains a vehicle made, for example, in the form of a daily wheel rotating with a 24-hour cycle and in gear with the gear ratio 59: 1 of the Muslim lunar calendar wheel (hereinafter referred to as the lunar calendar wheel), and the lunar calendar wheel is made with 59 teeth, and the diurnal wheel is equipped with a pusher pin with the possibility of its engagement with the rotation of the diurnal wheel for one of the 59 teeth of the lunar calendar wheel, rotation of the lunar calendar wheel and so far but on a scale of numbers corresponding to the numbers from 1 to 29 per sector numbers even lunar month, or the appropriate number from 1 to 30 in an odd number sector scale lunar month.

In addition, the Muslim calendar according to the invention further comprises a lunar calendar wheel lock with the ability to fix the lunar calendar wheel positions and means for displaying numbers in positions corresponding to specific numbers on the number scale, and further comprises a day of the week indicating means, made for example in the form of a day scale week, the index of the days of the week, an asterisk of the days of the week, having 7 teeth and associated with the index of the days of the week, and a pin-pusher on the daily wheel, made with the possibility of turning Stars that day of the week on one tooth at its contact with the pin-pusher daily wheel and specifying the appropriate day of the week on the scale of days, weeks, and days of the week on the dial color or special tag highlighted Friday as the sacred day of the week of the Muslim calendar.

In addition, the Muslim calendar according to the invention further comprises an asterisk for fixing the days of the week with the possibility of fixing the positions of the asterisks of the days of the week and the index of the days of the week at the positions corresponding to the days of the week on the scale of the days of the week, and further comprises means for indicating the number or name of the lunar month, made for example in the form of a lunar month scale, an index of the numbers or names of the lunar month, an asterisk of the months having 12 teeth, and two pusher pins on the lunar calendar wheel located on and on the lunar calendar wheel with 59 teeth against each other on the one hand at a distance of 29 teeth, and on the other hand at a distance of 30 teeth, made with the possibility of turning the sprocket of the month by one tooth when it comes into contact with one of the two pushers-pushers of the lunar wheel calendar and indications of the corresponding lunar month on a scale of months.

Moreover, on the lunar month scale, 1, 7, 8 and 9 months are highlighted as the holy months of the year of the Muslim calendar with color or special marks.

In addition, the Muslim calendar according to the invention further comprises a months star spacer with the possibility of fixing the positions of the months sprocket and index of numbers or names of months in positions corresponding to months on the month scale, and further comprises a moon phase display means made, for example, in the form of a figured dial a window indicating the phases of the moon and images of two moons located on the surface of the wheel of the lunar calendar, made with the possibility of visual display in the figured window of indication f moons of full or partial images moons wheel lunar calendar corresponding phase of the moon at a particular number of Muslim calendar.

In addition, the Muslim calendar according to the invention further comprises means for correcting or initially setting the position of the wheel of the lunar calendar and the star of the months, made, for example, in the form of a reversible wheel of the months, correction levers or initial setting of the position of the wheel of the lunar calendar and the star of the months and springs to return the levers .

The problem is solved, and the technical result required during the implementation of the invention is also achieved by the fact that in the Muslim calendar for watches, containing a clock mechanism, a dial with means for indicating solar time and means for indicating the number of the Muslim calendar in the form of a number scale, means for displaying a number on a number scale, and means of movement of the Muslim calendar, according to the invention, the scale of numbers contains sequentially arranged digits or numbers of numbers of an even lunar month from 1 to 29 and digits or marks of chi It took an odd lunar month from 1 to 30 and was arranged on the dial of the watch in the form of a circle with two sectors, on one of which there are numbers or marks of numbers of the even lunar month evenly distributed around the circle from 1 to 29, and on the other - uniformly distributed around the circle numbers or labels of numbers of the odd lunar month from 1 to 30, the means of displaying the numbers on the number scale is made in the form of a rotating arrow pointer, with the possibility of indicating on the scale of numbers a corresponding number from 1 to 29 on the sector of numbers is even of the lunar month, or an indication on the scale of numbers on the corresponding number from 1 to 30 on the sector of the scale of numbers of the odd lunar month, and the means of movement of the Muslim calendar is made in the form of a daily wheel rotating with a 24-hour cycle and engaged with it with a gear ratio 59 : 1 wheel of the lunar calendar with 59 teeth, and the daily wheel is equipped with a pusher pin with the possibility of its engagement with the rotation of the daily wheel for one of the 59 teeth of the wheel of the lunar calendar, rotation of the lunar calendar wheel and showing the number scale of the corresponding number from 1 to 29 on the sector of the even lunar month numbers or the corresponding number from 1 to 30 on the sector of the odd lunar month number scale.

Moreover, the Muslim calendar for watches according to the invention further comprises a means of indicating days of the week in the form of a scale of days of the week, an index of days of the week, an asterisk of days of the week having 7 teeth and associated with the index of days of the week, and a pusher-pusher on the daily wheel made with the possibility of rotation asterisks of days of the week for one tooth when it is in contact with the pusher pin of the daily wheel and the corresponding day of the week is indicated on the scale of the days of the week, a means of indicating the number or name of the Muslim lunar month a calendar in the form of a lunar month scale, an index of numbers or names of the lunar month, an asterisk of months with 12 teeth, and two pusher pins on the lunar calendar wheel located on the lunar calendar wheel with 59 teeth against each other on one side at a distance of 29 teeth, and on the other hand at a distance of 30 teeth, made with the possibility of turning on one tooth of the sprocket of the months when it comes into contact with one of the two pushers-pushers of the wheel of the lunar calendar and indicate the corresponding lunar month on the scale of the month ev, and means for displaying the moon phase in the form of a dial with a figured window for indicating the phases of the moon and images of two moons symmetrically located on the surface of the lunar calendar wheel, configured to visually display in the figured window for displaying the phases of the moon full or partial images of the moons on the wheel of the lunar calendar, corresponding to the phase of the moon on a specific number of the Muslim calendar, and a means of correcting the initial setting of the position of the wheels of the lunar calendar and the stars of the months in the form of levers for correcting the initial setting of the polo the life of the wheels of the lunar calendar and the stars of the months and the springs of returning the levers to their original position.

At the same time, on the scale of the days of the week, the color or special mark indicates Friday as the holy day of the week of the Muslim calendar, and on the lunar month scale, the colors, or special marks mark 1, 7, 8 and 9 months as the holy months of the year of the Muslim calendar.

In addition, the Muslim calendar for watches is made with the possibility of installing in a watch with a usual indication of solar time, with the possibility of installing in a watch with indication of solar time and indicating the numbers or dates of the Gregorian calendar, or with the possibility of setting in a wrist or pocket watch in which the means for indicating the date of the Muslim the calendar is located on the opposite side of the clock relative to the location of the means for indicating solar time.

The problem is solved, and the technical result required during the implementation of the invention is also achieved by the fact that according to the method of determining dates according to the Muslim calendar according to the invention, a number scale is used containing successively arranged digits or numbers of even Muslim lunar months from 1 to 29 and digits or numbers of odd numbers Muslim lunar month from 1 to 30, and made in the form of a circle with two sectors, one of which contains evenly distributed numbers or marks l of an even Muslim lunar month from 1 to 29, and on the other - numbers or marks of numbers of an odd Muslim lunar month from 1 to 30 evenly distributed around the circle, and a means of displaying a number on a number scale, made, for example, in the form of a rotating arrow pointer, with the possibility of indicating on a scale of numbers a corresponding number from 1 to 29 on the sector of numbers of an even Muslim lunar month, or indicating on a scale of numbers on a corresponding number from 1 to 30 on a sector of the scale of numbers of an odd Muslim lunar month.

In this case, a means of movement is used, made, for example, in the form of a 24-hour cycle rotating with a pusher pin and a daily wheel engaged with it with a gear ratio 59: 1 of the lunar calendar wheel with 59 teeth, made to engage the pin- pushers on the diurnal wheel during the rotation of the diurnal wheel for one of the 59 teeth of the lunar calendar wheel, rotation of the lunar calendar wheel and display on the scale of numbers of the corresponding number from 1 to 29 in the sector of the even Muslim lunar month numbers or a corresponding number of 1 to 30 on the scale of odd sector numbers Muslim lunar months, and the above-described Muslim calendar of the invention.

Description of drawings

The invention is illustrated by drawings in figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7.

Figures 1, 3, 4 show images of preferred, but not required, versions of the design of the Muslim calendar mechanism according to the invention, which is installed mainly in wrist or pocket watches, including:

a clock wheel 1, making two turns per day, on the futur of which the hour hand 26 is worn;

the daily wheel 2, making one revolution per day and having twice as many teeth as the clock wheel 1;

the wheel of the lunar calendar 3, mainly having 59 (29 + 30) teeth and the image of two moons 22 on its surface;

an asterisk of days of week 4, mainly having 7 teeth;

an asterisk of 5 months, mainly having 12 teeth;

pushers 6 and 7 of a daily wheel 2;

pushers 8, 9 of the lunar calendar wheel 3;

clamps 10, 11 and 12, designed to fix the wheels and sprockets in a certain position;

levers 13 and 14 of the correction of the initial setting of the position of the wheel of the numbers of two lunar months 3 and asterisks of months 5;

springs 15 and 16 of the levers 13 and 14, designed to return the levers to their original position;

wheel axis of the days of the week 17; wheel axle for 18 months; the wheel axis of the numbers 19 and the arrow of the numbers of the month 20.

Figure 2 shows the drawing of the wheel of the lunar calendar 3 with the image of two moons 22 on the surface for the subsequent full or partial appearance of one of them in the phase indicator of the moon 24 (figure 5, 6) and an indication of the corresponding phase of the moon in adjacent even and odd months with providing the possibility of visual observation of the corresponding phase of the moon on a specific number of the Muslim calendar.

Figure 3 and 4 shows the kinematic diagrams of the functioning of the Muslim calendar according to the invention, indicating the directions of rotation of the wheels, stars and arrows of the numbers of the month 20.

Figures 5 and 6 show an image of preferred, but not mandatory, options for the design of the dials 25 mounted primarily on a wristwatch device of the Muslim calendar according to the invention including: arrow pointer 20; dial gauge of days of the week 21; dial gauge of numbers or names of months 23; moon phase indicator 24; dial 25; hour hand 26.

Figure 5 shows a variant of the construction of the Muslim calendar with a round dial of numbers 28, located around the circumference of the dial 25 with successive numbers or marks of two Muslim lunar months - even, containing 29 days, and odd, containing 30 days, and made with two sectors, one of which contains numbers or labels of numbers of one even Muslim lunar month from 1 to 29 sequentially and evenly spaced around the circle, and the other - sequentially and evenly figures aspolozhennye circumferentially odd numbers Muslim lunar month from 1 to 30.

Figure 6 shows an embodiment of the Muslim calendar with a scale of numbers located around the circumference of a rotating disk by means of showing a specific number on a scale of numbers made in the form of a window 30 on the dial 25 with the possibility of showing in the window a corresponding number from 1 to 29 on the sector of even lunar numbers months of the scale of numbers or display in the window of the corresponding number from 1 to 30 on the sector of numbers of the odd lunar month of the scale of numbers.

1, 2, 3 and 4 show the location of two pusher pins 8 and 9 on the wheel of the lunar calendar 3 with 59 teeth located opposite each other on one side at a distance of 29 teeth and on the other hand at a distance of 30 teeth with the possibility of turning on one tooth the sprockets of months 5 when it comes into contact with one of the two pusher pins 8 or 9 of the lunar calendar wheel 3 and indicating the corresponding lunar month on the month scale.

In this case, the pusher pins 8 and 9 on the wheel 3 of the lunar calendar 3 (Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4) are arranged so that they display the moon 22 in the phase indicator of the moon 24 indicating the new moon.

Figures 5, 6, 7 show a variant of the preferred, but not mandatory, design of the moon phase indicator 24 for visually showing the corresponding moon phase by a specific number in a curly slot in the central part of the dial 25, in which when the wheels of the lunar calendar 3 are rotated completely or partially appears one of the moon 22 depicted on the wheel of the lunar calendar 3 (Figs. 1, 2,), which allows you to visually determine the corresponding phase of the moon for a specific number of Muslim calendar.

7 shows the appearance of a wristwatch with a case 29 and a traditional hour and minute dial, in which there is a Muslim calendar with a round dial of numbers 28, located around the circumference of dial 25 with consecutive numbers or marks of two lunar months - an even one containing 29 days , and odd, containing 30 days, a pointer to the numbers 20, a pointer to the days of the week 21, a pointer to the numbers or names of the months 23, an indicator of the phases of the moon 24.

Examples of implementation and industrial implementation

Unlike the mechanism of the prototype patent, the device according to the invention is as simple as possible according to the principle of manufacture and operation, does not require monthly correction of numbers at the end of the month, but requires only possible correction no more than once every two to three years by pressing the lever 13 or 14.

The options for constructive implementation of the mechanism of the Muslim Hijra calendar shown in figures 1,3,4, 5, 6, 7 according to the invention can be installed at almost any clock with analog indication and can be used to indicate the numbers, days of the week, months and years of the Muslim Hijra calendar.

The calendar mechanism of the Muslim calendar according to the invention functions, and the method for determining the dates of the Muslim calendar is implemented as follows.

The clock wheel 1 with a clockwise mounted on it 26 rotates, making two turns per day (Fig.3, 4).

The daily wheel 2 is engaged with it, having twice as many teeth and making one revolution per day.

Two pins 6 and 7 are installed on the daily wheel 2, which push the corresponding sprockets on one tooth every day, pin 7 pushes the week star of week 4, on the axis of which the arrow of days of week 21 is installed, and pin 6 pushes the wheel of the lunar calendar 3.

On axis 19 of the wheel of the lunar calendar 3, which makes a revolution in 2 lunar months, an arrow 20 is installed, showing the corresponding day of the month of the Muslim calendar.

On the wheel of the lunar calendar 3 through 29 and 30 teeth there are two pusher pins 8 and 9, which each lunar month push the sprocket of months 5 installed on the axis 18 onto one tooth, and the latch 12 fixes it in the required position.

The days of the week can be adjusted using the hand switch mechanism and usually do not require correction after the first installation.

The phases of the moon and the numbers of the lunar months are corrected by the corresponding arrangement of the wheels of the lunar calendar 3 by means of the lever 13 and the spring 15, which returns the lever 13 to its original position after correcting the position of the wheels of the lunar calendar.

The required position of the sprocket of months 5 mounted on the axis 18 is adjusted using the lever 14, where the spring 16 returns the lever to its original position after correction.

When installing any known year counter, the calendar device according to the invention can also show years according to the Muslim Hijra calendar. For example, it is possible to indicate the year number on the Muslim calendar by attaching a decimal year counter to the wheel of months.

The most preferred use of the Muslim calendar according to the invention, because of its simplicity and compactness, is to install it in a watch, for example, in a wrist, pocket, desktop, cabinet or other watch.

It is also possible industrial production of a separate calendar module that is installed on a basic clock mechanism.

Thus, the invention provides the possibility of industrial production and practical use of a simple in design, accurate and reliable to use, cheap to manufacture and suitable for installation in almost any analogue clock calendar device for determining the numbers, days of the week, months and years according to the lunar Muslim calendar Hijra while at the same time solving the Turkish-Arab problem of the Muslim calendar in different time cycles.

Eligibility criteria

In General, given the novelty and non-obviousness of the invention shown in the section "Background" and "Summary of the invention", the materiality of all general and particular features of the invention, proved in the section "Disclosure of the invention", as well as shown in the section "Implementation of the invention", the feasibility of the invention and the solution of the problem and the achievement of the technical result, in our opinion, the claimed group of inventions satisfies all the eligibility requirements for inventions.

Thus, there is every reason to argue that the invention meets all the requirements of eligibility, and the analysis shows that all the general and particular features of the invention are essential, since each of them is necessary, and all together they are not only sufficient to solve the problem and achieve the required technical result, but also allow you to implement the invention in an industrial way.

Information sources

1. Patent RU No. 2234724, G04B 19/24, publ. 08/20/2004, EP 01/03884, publ. 04/05/2001, WO 01/77756, publ. 10/18/2001.

2. RU patent for utility model No. 17373, G04B 47/00, publ. 03/27/2001.

3. Patent RU No. 2144749, G04B 19/26, publ. 01/10/1999, WO 95/07499, 03.16.95.

4. Patent RU No. 2146832, G04B 19/24, publ. 03/20/2000.

5. Patent EP 0606576, G04B 19/253; G04B 19/00, publ. 02/05/1999 (US 5379272) (prototype).

Claims (27)

1. A Muslim calendar containing a scale of numbers and a means of displaying a number on a scale of numbers, characterized in that the scale of numbers contains consecutive numbers or labels of numbers of an even lunar month from 1 to 29 and numbers or labels of numbers of an odd lunar month from 1 to 30. 2. The Muslim calendar according to claim 1, characterized in that the scale of numbers is made in the form of a circle with two sectors, one of which contains numbers or labels of numbers of an even lunar month evenly distributed around the circle from 1 to 29, and on the other evenly distributed over The circumference of a digit or number label of an odd lunar month is from 1 to 30. 3. The Muslim calendar according to claim 2, characterized in that the number scale is stationary, and the means for displaying the number on the number scale is made in the form of a rotating arrow pointer, with the possibility of indicating on the scale of numbers an appropriate number from 1 to 29 on the sector of even lunar numbers month or indications on the scale of numbers on the corresponding number from 1 to 30 on the sector of the scale of numbers of the odd lunar month. 4. The Muslim calendar according to claim 2, characterized in that the scale of numbers is located on a rotating disk, and the means of displaying the numbers on the scale of numbers is made in the form of a window on the dial with the ability to display in the window the corresponding number from 1 to 29 on the sector of the even-lunar month numbers scale of numbers or display in the window of the corresponding number from 1 to 30 on the numbers sector of the odd lunar month of the scale of numbers. 5. The Muslim calendar according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains a vehicle made, for example, in the form of a daily wheel rotating with a 24-hour cycle and in gear with the gear ratio 59: 1 of the lunar calendar wheel. 6. The Muslim calendar according to claim 5, characterized in that the lunar calendar wheel is made with 59 teeth, and the daily wheel is equipped with a pusher pin with the possibility of its engagement with the rotation of the daily wheel for one of the 59 teeth of the lunar calendar wheel, rotation of the lunar calendar wheel and showing on the number scale the corresponding number from 1 to 29 on the sector of the even lunar month numbers or the corresponding number from 1 to 30 on the sector of the odd lunar month number scale. 7. The Muslim calendar according to claim 6, characterized in that it further comprises a lunar calendar wheel retainer with the ability to fix the lunar calendar wheel positions and means for displaying numbers in positions corresponding to numbers on the number scale. 8. The Muslim calendar according to claim 5, characterized in that it further comprises a means of indicating the days of the week, made, for example, in the form of a scale of days of the week, an index of the days of the week, an asterisk of days of the week having 7 teeth and associated with the index of the days of the week, and a pin - pusher on the daily wheel, made with the possibility of rotation of the sprocket of days of the week by one tooth when it is in contact with the pusher pin of the daily wheel and indicate the corresponding day of the week on the scale of days of the week. 9. The Muslim calendar of claim 8, characterized in that on the scale of the days of the week, Friday is highlighted in color or with a special mark as the holy day of the week of the Muslim calendar. 10. The Muslim calendar of claim 8, characterized in that it further comprises an asterisk for fixing the days of the week with the ability to fix the positions of the asterisks of the days of the week and the index of the days of the week in positions corresponding to the days of the week on the scale of the days of the week. 11. The Muslim calendar according to claim 5, characterized in that it further comprises means for indicating the number or name of the lunar month, made, for example, in the form of a scale of the lunar months, an index of numbers or names of the lunar month, an asterisk of the months having 12 teeth, and two pins pushers on the wheel of the lunar calendar, located on the wheel of the lunar calendar with 59 teeth against each other on the one hand at a distance of 29 teeth, and on the other hand at a distance of 30 teeth, made to rotate one tooth of the sprocket a month in contact with one of the two pushers of the lunar calendar wheel and indicate the corresponding lunar month on the month scale. 12. The Muslim calendar according to claim 11, characterized in that on the lunar month scale color or special marks highlight 1, 7, 8 and 9 months as the holy months of the year of the Muslim calendar. 13. The Muslim calendar according to claim 11, characterized in that it further comprises a sprocket of the months with the ability to fix the positions of the sprocket of the months and the index of numbers or names of the months in the provisions corresponding to the months on the month scale. 14. The Muslim calendar according to claim 5, characterized in that it further comprises a means of displaying the moon phase, made, for example, in the form of a dial with a figured window indicating the phases of the moon and images of two moons located on the surface of the wheel of the lunar calendar, made with the possibility of visual display in the figured window indicating the phases of the moons of full or partial images of one of the moons on the wheel of the lunar calendar, corresponding to the phase of the moon for a specific number of the Muslim calendar. 15. The Muslim calendar according to any one of paragraphs.5 and 11, characterized in that it further comprises means for correcting or initially setting the position of the wheel of the lunar calendar and asterisk of months, made, for example, in the form of a reversing wheel of months, levers of correction or initial setting of the position of the wheel of the lunar calendar and stars of months and springs of return of levers to a starting position. 16. The Muslim calendar according to any one of paragraphs.5 and 11, characterized in that it is made with the possibility of installation in hours with an indication of solar time. 17. The Muslim calendar according to any one of paragraphs.5 and 11, characterized in that it is configured to install in a clock with an indication of solar time and an indication of the numbers or dates of the Gregorian calendar. 18. The Muslim calendar according to any one of paragraphs.5 and 11, characterized in that it is arranged to be installed in a wrist or pocket watch, in which the means for indicating the date of the Muslim calendar are located on the opposite side of the clock relative to the location of the means for indicating solar time. 19. The Muslim calendar for watches containing a clockwork, a dial with means for indicating solar time and means for indicating the number of the Muslim calendar in the form of a number scale, means for displaying a number on the number scale, and means of moving the Muslim calendar, characterized in that the number scale contains sequentially arranged numbers or marks of numbers of an even lunar month from 1 to 29 and numbers or marks of numbers of an odd lunar month from 1 to 30 and is made located on the watch dial in the form of a circle with two sectors , on one of which there are evenly distributed around the circumference numbers or labels of numbers of an even lunar month from 1 to 29, and on the other - evenly distributed around the circumference of numbers or labels of numbers of the odd lunar month from 1 to 30, the means of showing the number on the scale of numbers is made in in the form of a rotating arrow pointer, with the possibility of indicating on a scale of numbers a corresponding number from 1 to 29 on the sector of numbers of an even lunar month, or indicating on a scale of numbers on a corresponding number from 1 to 30 on a sector of the scale of numbers of an odd lunar about a month, and the means of movement of the Muslim calendar is made in the form of a diurnal wheel rotating with a 24-hour cycle and meshed with it with a gear ratio 59: 1 of the lunar calendar wheel with 59 teeth, and the diurnal wheel is equipped with a pusher pin with the possibility of its engagement when the rotation of the diurnal wheel for one of the 59 teeth of the lunar calendar wheel, the rotation of the lunar calendar wheel and the display on the scale of numbers of the corresponding number from 1 to 29 on the sector of the numbers of the even lunar month or the corresponding number from 1 to 30 n scale sector numbers odd lunar month. 20. The Muslim calendar for watches according to claim 19, characterized in that it further comprises a means of indicating the days of the week in the form of a scale of days of the week, an index of the days of the week, an asterisk of days of the week having 7 teeth and associated with the index of the days of the week, and a pin-pusher daily wheel made with the possibility of rotation of the sprocket of days of the week by one tooth when it is in contact with the pusher pin of the daily wheel and indicating the corresponding day of the week on the scale of the days of the week, a means of indicating the number or name of the lunar month of Muslim calendar in the form of a scale of lunar months, an index of numbers or names of the lunar month, an asterisk of months with 12 teeth, and two pusher pins on the wheel of the lunar calendar, located on the wheel of the lunar calendar with 59 teeth against each other on one side at a distance of 29 teeth and, on the other hand, at a distance of 30 teeth made with the possibility of turning the sprocket of the months by one tooth when it comes into contact with one of the two pusher pins of the lunar calendar wheel and indicates the corresponding lunar month on the scale months, and means for displaying the moon phase in the form of a dial with a figured window for displaying moon phases and images of two moons symmetrically located on the surface of the lunar calendar wheel, configured to visually display in the figured window displaying moon phases full or partial images of the moons on the lunar calendar wheel, corresponding to the phase of the moon for a specific number of the Muslim calendar, and means for correcting the initial setting of the position of the wheels of the lunar calendar and the stars of the months in the form of levers for correcting the initial setting the position of the wheel of the lunar calendar and the stars of the months and the springs of returning the levers to their original position. 21. The Muslim calendar for watches according to claim 19, characterized in that on the scale of the days of the week, the color or a special mark is highlighted Friday as the holy day of the week of the Muslim calendar, and on the lunar month scale, the months, 1, 7, 8 and 9 are highlighted like the holy months of the year of the Muslim calendar. 22. The Muslim calendar for watches according to claim 19, characterized in that it is made with the possibility of installation in watches with indication of solar time. 23. The Muslim calendar for watches according to claim 22, characterized in that it is arranged to be installed in a watch with indication of solar time and indication of numbers or dates of the Gregorian calendar. 24. The Muslim calendar for watches according to claim 22, characterized in that it can be installed in a wrist or pocket watch, in which the means for indicating the date of the Muslim calendar are located on the opposite side of the watch relative to the location of the means for indicating solar time. 25. The method of determining dates according to the Muslim calendar, characterized in that they use a number scale containing sequentially arranged digits or numbers of even lunar month numbers from 1 to 29 and digits or numbers of odd lunar month numbers from 1 to 30, and made in the form of a circle with in two sectors, one of which contains numbers or labels of numbers of an even lunar month evenly distributed on a circle from 1 to 29, and on the other - numbers or marks of numbers of an odd lunar month from 1 to 30 evenly distributed around a circle, and means to show a number on a number scale, made, for example, in the form of a rotating arrow pointer, with the possibility of indicating on a scale of numbers a corresponding number from 1 to 29 on the sector of numbers of an even lunar month, or to indicate on a scale of numbers a corresponding number from 1 to 30 on sector of the scale of numbers of the odd lunar month. 26. The method according A.25, characterized in that they use a means of movement, made, for example, in the form of a rotating 24-hour cycle and equipped with a pusher pin for the daily wheel and meshed with it with the gear ratio 59: 1 of the lunar calendar wheel with 59 teeth, made with the possibility of engaging the pusher pin on the diurnal wheel during the rotation of the diurnal wheel for one of the 59 teeth of the lunar calendar wheel, rotating the lunar calendar wheel and displaying on the scale of numbers the corresponding number from 1 to 29 on the sector of even numbers Nogo month or the appropriate number from 1 to 30 on the scale of odd sector numbers lunar month. 27. The method according A.25, characterized in that use the Muslim calendar according to any one of paragraphs.1-18 or 19-24.

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