RU62256U1 - MUSLAND CALENDAR (OPTIONS) - Google Patents

Description

FIELD OF TECHNOLOGY.

The utility model relates to chronology, to mechanical calendar devices for determining the numbers, months and years of the lunar Muslim calendar and can be used, in particular, in chronological and clock mechanisms to determine the numbers, months and years associated with the lunar phases of the Hijra Muslim calendar, constantly changing relative to the numbers and months of the solar Gregorian calendar, and can also be used in the manufacture of wrist or pocket watches or watch devices with a Muslim lunar Hijra calendar or other devices with a lunar time cycle.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Many ancient peoples - the Babylonians, Jews, Greeks, Chinese - previously used the lunar calendar, but later switched to the lunar-solar calendar system, and then to the solar calendar system in the form of the initially widespread Julian, and then the generally accepted Gregorian calendar.

Lunar calendars are based on the lunar cycle, lunar-solar calendars on the lunar-solar cycle, and solar calendars are based on the solar cycle.

However, in many countries of the Near and Middle East, for example, Algeria, Indonesia, Morocco, Pakistan, and some others, in which Islam is the dominant religion, a calendar is currently used based solely on the visible movement of the moon (lunar cycle) and completely independent of movement of the sun (solar cycle). At the same time, the Muslim calendar lunar month does not coincide with the astronomical lunar month, since the reckoning according to the Muslim calendar began with a specific historical event at a particular point in time, and date adjustments are made according to certain rules.

In contrast to the Julian calendar, widely used until 1582, and the currently widely recognized Gregorian calendar, according to which the tropical year (the time between the two winter solstices) is considered equal to 365.25 days, the Muslim calendar is built only on the change of the lunar phases and therefore is lunar.

It is known that all Muslim lunar calendars are based either on an 8-year periodicity ("Turkish cycle") or on a 30-year periodicity ("Arabic cycle"), and in some countries of the East (Turkey, Iran, Afghanistan) calendars are simultaneously used, built on one as well as on another cycle.

The starting date for the introduction of the Muslim Hijra calendar is {Hijra, Arabic - relocation) is considered to be July 16, 622 according to the Julian calendar - the day the prophet Muhammad and his followers were relocated from Mecca to Medina.

Under the Caliph Omar I in 637, that day was declared the beginning of the Muslim era, and from that day began the reckoning of the Muslim calendar of the Hijra.

The Hijra Muslim calendar is a lunar calendar in which a calendar year is equal to the duration of the 12 revolutions of the moon around the earth. Moreover, the lunar month lasts - 29.5305889 sunny days, and the length of the lunar year is 354.36706668 sunny days (354 or 355 days).

Compared with the solar Gregorian calendar, when calculated on the lunar Muslim calendar of the Hijra, an annual shift of 10-12 days occurs annually. 33 years of Hijra are approximately equal to 32 solar years.

In pre-Islamic times, in the then-used lunar-solar Arabic calendar, the months remained in their places during the solar year, due to the fact that as the "extra days" accumulated, the 13th month was added to the lunar year - nasi.

However, the founder of Islam, the prophet Muhammad, once forbade Muslims from adding these days, and the Koran specifically stated that only the moon is the measure of time. It was allowed only in leap lunar years to increase the number of days from 354 to 355 to keep the new moon near the first day of the month. These extra days are included in the last month of the lunar year - zu-l-hijja, which usually has 29 days.

Thus, the Muslim lunar year is always shorter than the solar Gregorian year by 10 days, if the lunar year is a leap year and the sun is simple; for 11 days if both years are simple or leap; and even for 12 days if the lunar year is simple and the sunny year is a leap year.

Accordingly, if in 2000 the beginning of the year according to the Muslim calendar falls on April 6, then the beginning of the next year was March 26, 2001, and then on March 15, 2002, etc. Therefore, the beginning of the year eventually moves from spring to winter, from winter to autumn, then to summer and, finally, returns to spring again.

In this regard, the Muslim calendar does not have winter, spring, summer and autumn months, since they "roam" for all seasons.

Therefore, at present, the Muslim lunar year is not tied to the seasons, and the Muslim lunar months move throughout all times of the sunny Gregorian year. For example, the month of Ramadan, whose name in Arabic means “burning”, can be in winter, and in spring, and in summer and autumn.

The number of months in the Muslim Hijra calendar, as in the Gregorian calendar, 12, and their names are the same as in the ancient lunar-solar Arabic calendar, and due to the fact that the astronomical lunar month lasts 29.5305889 sunny days (29 days 12 hours 44 minutes 3.8 seconds), it was found that the even lunar months of the Muslim Hijra calendar have 29, and the odd ones 30 days:

1. Muharram - Muharram - 30 days;

2. Safar - Safar - 29 days;

3. Rabi Al-Awal (Rabi "I) - Rabi-ul-Avval - 30 days;

4. Rabi Al-Akher (Rabi "II) - Rabi-ul-ahir - 29 days;

5. Jumada Al-Awal (Jumada I) - Jumad-ul-Aval - 30 days;

6. Jumada Al-Akher (Jumada II) - Jumad-ul-ahir - 29 days;

7. Rajab - Rajab - 30 days;

8. Sha "ban - Shaaban - 29 days;

9. Ramadan - Ramadan (in Persian) or Ramadan (in Turkic) - 30 days;

10. Shawwal - Shavval - 29 days;

11. Zul-Qa "dah - Zul-Qa'ad - 30 days;

12. Zul-Hijjah - Zul-Hijjah - 29 days.

Moreover, according to the Muslim calendar 1, 7, 8 and 9 months (Muharram, Rajab, Shaaban and Ramadan) are considered sacred, during which any armed clashes were prohibited. In addition, the holy day of the week is Friday.

According to the Muslim calendar for new moons, not only months are determined, but also the dates of Muslim holidays and memorable events for each year.

As an example, Table 1 shows the dates of the main Muslim holidays moving in the 1426 Hijra or 2005-2006 Gregorian calendar, moving each year.

Muslim holidays in 1426 / 2005-2006

Table 1. Holidays Hijri Date European calendar date First day of fasting 1 Ramadan 1426 October 4, 2005 (with sunset) Lailat ul-Qadr 20-29 Ramadan 1426 October 23 - November 1, 2005 Eid ul Fitr 1 Chowal 1426 November 3, 2005 The beginning of the Hajj 8-13 Suhl-Hija 1426 January 8-13, 2006 Arafat Day 9 Suhl-Hija 1426 January 9, 2006 Eid ul Adha 10 Suhl-Hija 1426 January 10, 2006

Due to the constant changes in the dates of the Muslim calendar relative to the generally accepted Gregorian calendar in the world, practical problems arise of accurate, regular and simple determination of the numbers, months and years of the Hijra Muslim calendar.

To determine the numbers of the lunar Muslim Hijra calendar relative to the dates of the solar Gregorian calendar and vice versa, there are special calculation formulas and tables, however they are complicated and inconvenient to use, because they either require complex calculations or they contain voluminous lists of the corresponding numbers, months and years of the Gregorian calendar and Muslim Hijra calendar.

In particular, for the approximate translation of the year of the Muslim calendar in the years of the Gregorian calendar, the following formula is used:

G = M + 622-M: 33,

where G is the year of the Gregorian calendar, M is the year of the Muslim calendar.

For example, if you want to know which year of the Gregorian calendar corresponds to the year 1418 of the Hijra, then substituting the number 1418 in the formula instead of M, we get:

G = 1418 + 622-1418: 33 = 1997-.

The sign - (minus) indicates that the division from 1418 by 33 left a fraction, which must be taken away from 1997. This means that the year 1418 of the hijra corresponds to 1996-1997. Gregorian calendar.

And vice versa, if it is necessary to establish which year of the Hijra any year of the Gregorian calendar will correspond, for example, 2003, the formula is used

M = G-622 + (G-622): 32.

For this example, M = 2003-622 + (2003-622): 32 = 1424 +.

The + sign means that the fraction obtained by dividing the difference 2003 -622 by 32 should be added to the number 1424.

In other words, the 2003 Gregorian calendar will fall on the years 1424-1425 hijra.

The calculation of the comparative dates of the Muslim and Gregorian calendars, including the day of the month, month and year, is much more complicated and cumbersome.

Mechanical calendar devices widely used in mechanical watches with a daily time cycle are known which show only the day numbers in relatively simple watches, and days of the week and months of the solar Gregorian calendar in more complex watches. At the same time, these mechanical calendar devices, as a rule, require a monthly additional adjustment of numbers at the end of the previous or beginning of each subsequent month.

It is known, in particular, that the calendar device for the clockwork developed by the Glashütter Urenbetrib GmbH (DE) and inventors Weissbach Siegfried (DE) and Kaden Eberhard (DE) is powered by a clock wheel that performs one revolution in 24 hours.

This device requires regular adjustment of the day of the month at the end of the month, therefore, to prevent twisting of the number of days, the impact on the duration and accuracy of the course, this calendar device includes two index disks with gear crowns, with the help of which units and tens of days of the month are indicated, the program carrier equipped with a ring gear that performs one revolution in 31 days, and a locking spring interacting with this ring gear and two additional locking elements of the index discs, media-controlled programs in such a way that on those days in which there is a danger of twisting of the index discs, they are rotated into the gear ring of the corresponding index disc and removed from it, thereby preventing the danger of twisting of the index disc [1].

Known electromechanical watches with a moon phase indicator, comprising a case with a dial and placed on it by hands associated with an electromechanical drive, including a pulse generator stabilized by a quartz stabilizer, a frequency divider, a step mechanism and gears of the hands of an arrow, characterized in that in addition to the numbers on the dial the image of the phases of the moon (the symbol of the new moon, the growing moon, the symbol of the full moon and the waning moon) is plotted, and the electromechanical drive of the additional arrow is adjusted Thus, one turn of the arrow on the dial corresponds to a synodic lunar month equal to 29.530588 sunny days [2].

Known chronometer Geylison William E. (US) for displaying the phases of the moon when indicating the time of day, containing a time indicator located on the dial, and indicator elements of the phases of the moon, in which the indicator elements of the phases of the moon are configured to supply electric power to them to form a contrasting combination light and shadow synchronously with the phases of the moon, in addition, the chronometer contains a controller for selectively supplying electrical power to the indicator elements of the phases of the moon and a microprocessor to control the controller. Moreover, the indicator elements of the phases of the moon contain liquid crystal elements and contain four adjacent discrete indicator sections made with the possibility of sequential supply of electric power to them to display the eight phases of the moon [3].

Thin wristwatches with a calendar and with a rigid dial fastening to the main plate of Seiko Instruments, Inc. are known. (JP), equipped with a calendar corrector setting wheel, which is located on the dial side of the main plate and which oscillates having a center of rotation in the second region to adjust the date indicator and corrector for the day of the week, which are also equipped with a date normalization tool, which is located on the dial side the main plate for normalizing the date indicator in the third region, by means of normalizing the indicator of the day of the week, to normalize the asterisk of the day of the week in the second region or third region and, and means for driving the date indicator and means for driving the indicator of the day of the week, having a rotation center in the fourth region. In this case, the transfer lever and the winding lever are located on the side opposite to the dial on the main plate [4].

Also known are calendar devices having a lunar phase indicator, traditionally called the lunar calendar. They are intended more for domestic or pseudo-astronomical use, but cannot be a Muslim calendar, since they usually do not allow you to find out the current month and year of the Muslim calendar. The Muslim calendar is called the lunar calendar solely because of its direct reference to the lunar monthly cycle, and the Muslim calendar is carried out according to the lunar monthly cycle, although Muslim lunar months differ from astronomical lunar months.

The closest in technical essence and achieved using the technical result (prototype) is the mechanical Muslim calendar Michel Parmigiani, which is installed mainly on analogue clocks, which shows on a scale consisting of sequentially located digits from 1 to 30 of the month, taking into account 29-day and 30- daytime months, and usually made amendments to 30-year cycles of the lunar calendar through special mechanisms, the first of which provides movement from the rotational part and at the end azhdogo day of the month indicator changes one step. The second, associated with the first, mechanism provides at the end of each lunar month with 29 days a transition from the 29th to the 1st day of the next month, and the third mechanism provides a temporary neutralization of the action of the second mechanism at the end of additional corrections determined by the 30-year cycle in the last day of the twelfth and final month of these years [5] (prototype).

The technical disadvantages of the Muslim calendar of the prototype are the technical complexity in the implementation and operation, and accordingly, its very high cost and practical inaccessibility to the vast majority of consumers. In addition, this Muslim calendar is set up only for the Arabic 30-year cycle and it is impossible to rebuild the Turkish 8-year cycle of time without significant alterations.

TASKS AND TECHNICAL RESULTS.

The objective of the proposed utility model and the technical result obtained from its use is to create a calendar device that is simple in design, accurate and reliable to use, cheap to manufacture, and suitable for installation in almost any analogue clock to determine Muslim days, days of the week, months, and years Hijra calendar with a simultaneous practical solution to the Turkish-Arab problem of the Muslim calendar in different time cycles.

DISCLOSURE OF A USEFUL MODEL.

The problem is solved, and the technical result required when implementing the utility model is achieved by the fact that in a Muslim calendar containing a number scale and means of displaying a number on a number scale, according to the utility model, the number scale contains sequentially arranged numbers or labels of numbers of an even Muslim lunar month from 1 to 29 and digits or numbers of odd Muslim lunar months from 1 to 30, while the scale of numbers is made in the form of a circle with two sectors, one of which contains uniform but the numbers or marks of the numbers of the even Muslim lunar month distributed around the circle from 1 to 29, and on the other, the numbers or marks of the numbers of the odd Muslim lunar month evenly distributed around the circle from 1 to 30.

In one embodiment, the scale of numbers is stationary, and the means of displaying a number on a scale of numbers is made in the form of a rotating arrow pointer with the possibility of indicating on a round scale of numbers the corresponding number of the Muslim calendar from 1 to 29 on the sector of numbers of an even Muslim lunar month, or indicating the scale of numbers for the corresponding number from 1 to 30 on the sector of the scale of numbers of the odd Muslim lunar month (Figs. 5, 7).

In another embodiment, the round number scale is located on a rotating disk, and the means for displaying the number on the number scale is made in the form of a window on the dial with the possibility of showing in the window the corresponding number from 1 to 29 on the numbers sector of the even Muslim lunar month of the number scale or display in the window the corresponding number from 1 to 30 on the sector of the numbers of the odd Muslim lunar month of the scale of numbers (Fig.6).

In addition, the Muslim calendar according to a utility model contains a vehicle made, for example, in the form of a daily wheel rotating with a 24-hour cycle and in gear with the gear ratio 59: 1 of the Muslim lunar calendar wheel (hereinafter referred to as the lunar calendar wheel), and the lunar calendar wheel is made with 59 teeth, and the daily wheel is equipped with a pusher pin with the possibility of its engagement when turning the daily wheel for one of the 59 teeth of the lunar calendar wheel, rotating the lunar calendar wheel, and it appears on the scale of numbers of the corresponding number from 1 to 29 on the sector of the numbers of the even lunar month or the corresponding number from 1 to 30 on the sector of the scale of the numbers of the odd lunar month.

In addition, the Muslim calendar according to the utility model further comprises a lunar calendar wheel retainer with the ability to fix the lunar calendar wheel positions and means for displaying numbers in positions corresponding to specific numbers on the number scale, and further comprises a day of the week indicating means made, for example, in the form of a scale days of the week, index of days of the week, asterisk of days of the week having 7 teeth and associated with the index of days of the week, and a pin-pusher on the daily wheel, made with the possibility of the gate of the asterisk of the days of the week for one tooth when it is in contact with the pusher pin of the daily wheel and the corresponding day of the week is indicated on the scale of the days of the week, and the scale of days of the week is highlighted with color or a special mark on Friday as the holy day of the week of the Muslim calendar.

In addition, the Muslim calendar according to the utility model additionally contains a star star of the week with the ability to fix the positions of the star of the day of the week and the index of the days of the week in positions corresponding to the days of the week on the scale of the days of the week, and additionally contains a means of indicating the number or name of the lunar month, made, for example , in the form of a lunar month scale, an index of the numbers or names of the lunar month, an asterisk of the months having 12 teeth, and two pusher pins on the wheel of the lunar calendar, located on the lunar calendar wheel with 59 teeth against each other on the one hand at a distance of 29 teeth, and on the other hand at a distance of 30 teeth, made with the possibility of turning the sprocket of a month on one tooth when it comes into contact with one of the two pusher wheels lunar calendar and indications of the corresponding lunar month on the month scale.

Moreover, on the lunar month scale, 1, 7, 8 and 9 months are highlighted as the holy months of the year of the Muslim calendar with color or special marks.

In addition, the Muslim calendar according to the utility model further comprises a month star spacer with the possibility of fixing the positions of the month sprocket and the index of numbers or month names in positions corresponding to months on the month scale, and further comprises a moon phase display means, made for example in the form of a dial with figured window indicating the phases of the moon and images of two moons located on the surface of the wheel of the lunar calendar, made with the possibility of visual display in the figured window and phase moons full or partial images moons wheel lunar calendar corresponding phase of the moon at a particular number of Muslim calendar.

In addition, the Muslim calendar according to a utility model further comprises means for correcting or initially setting the position of the lunar calendar wheel and the asterisk of the months, made, for example, in the form of a reversing wheel of the months, correction levers or initial setting the position of the wheel of the lunar calendar and the star of the months and spring return levers position.

The problem is solved, and the technical result required during the implementation of the utility model is also achieved by the fact that in a Muslim calendar for watches, containing a clock mechanism, a dial with means for indicating solar time and means for indicating the number of the Muslim calendar in the form of a number scale, means for displaying a number on a number scale and the means of movement of the Muslim calendar, according to a utility model, the number scale contains sequentially arranged numbers or labels of numbers of an even lunar month from 1 to 29 and numbers or the number marks of the odd lunar month are from 1 to 30 and is made located on the watch dial in the form of a circle with two sectors, on one of which are the numbers or marks of the even lunar month numbers evenly distributed around the circle from 1 to 29, and on the other - evenly distributed over the circumference of a digit or number label of the odd lunar month is from 1 to 30, the means for showing the number on the number scale is made in the form of a rotating arrow pointer, with the possibility of indicating on the scale of numbers a corresponding number from 1 to 29 on the number sector he ate an even lunar month, or indicated on the scale of numbers a corresponding number from 1 to 30 on the sector of the scale of numbers of the odd lunar month, and the means of movement of the Muslim calendar is made in the form of a daily wheel rotating with a 24-hour cycle and in gear with the gear the number of 59: 1 wheels of the lunar calendar with 59 teeth, and the daily wheel is equipped with a pusher pin with the possibility of its engagement with the rotation of the daily wheel for one of the 59 teeth of the wheel of the lunar calendar, rotation of the wheel of the lunar calendar display on the scale of numbers corresponding to the numbers 1 to 29 numbers on the sector, even the lunar month, or the corresponding number from 1 to 30 on the scale of the sector numbers odd lunar month.

At the same time, the Muslim calendar for watches according to a utility model additionally contains a means of indicating days of the week in the form of a scale of days of the week, an index of days of the week, an asterisk of days of the week having 7 teeth and associated with the index of days of the week, and a pin-pusher on the daily wheel made with the possibility of turning the star of the days of the week on one tooth when it is in contact with the pusher pin of the daily wheel and indicating the corresponding day of the week on the scale of the days of the week, a means of indicating the number or name of the lunar month is Muslim calendar in the form of a scale of the lunar months, an index of numbers or names of the lunar month, an asterisk of the months with 12 teeth, and two pusher pins on the wheel of the lunar calendar, located on the wheel of the lunar calendar with 59 teeth against each other on one side at a distance 29 teeth, and on the other hand, at a distance of 30 teeth, made with the possibility of turning the sprocket of the month by one tooth when it comes into contact with one of the two pusher pins of the lunar calendar wheel and indicates the corresponding lunar month on the m scale months, and means for displaying the moon phase in the form of a dial with a figured window for indicating moon phases and images of two moons symmetrically located on the surface of the lunar calendar wheel, configured to visually display in the figured window displaying moon phases full or partial images of the moons on the wheel of the lunar calendar, corresponding to the phase of the moon for a specific number of the Muslim calendar, and means for correcting the initial setting of the position of the wheels of the lunar calendar and the stars of the months in the form of levers for correcting the initial setting Assumption wheels of the lunar calendar, and months sprockets and levers return spring to its original position.

At the same time, on the scale of the days of the week, the color or special mark indicates Friday as the holy day of the week of the Muslim calendar, and on the lunar month scale, the colors, or special marks mark 1, 7, 8 and 9 months as the holy months of the year of the Muslim calendar.

In addition, the Muslim calendar for watches is made with the possibility of installing in a watch with a usual indication of solar time, with the possibility of installing in a watch with indication of solar time and indicating the numbers or dates of the Gregorian calendar, or with the possibility of setting in a wrist or pocket watch in which the means for indicating the date of the Muslim the calendar is located on the opposite side of the clock relative to the location of the means for indicating solar time.

The problem is solved, and the technical result required during the implementation of the utility model is also achieved by the fact that to determine the dates according to the Muslim calendar, according to the utility model, a number scale is used that contains consecutive numbers or labels of numbers of an even Muslim lunar month from 1 to 29 and numbers or labels the numbers of the odd Muslim lunar month from 1 to 30, and made in the form of a circle with two sectors, one of which contains evenly distributed numbers or marks of numbers He ate an even Muslim lunar month from 1 to 29, and on the other - numbers or marks of numbers of an odd Muslim lunar month from 1 to 30 evenly distributed around the circle, and a means of displaying a number on the number scale, made, for example, in the form of a rotating arrow pointer, with the possibility of indicating on a scale of numbers a corresponding number from 1 to 29 on the sector of numbers of an even Muslim lunar month, or indicating on a scale of numbers a corresponding number from 1 to 30 on a sector of the scale of numbers of an odd Muslim lunar month.

In this case, a means of movement is used, made, for example, in the form of a 24-hour cycle rotating with a pusher pin and a daily wheel engaged with it with a gear ratio 59: 1 of the lunar calendar wheel with 59 teeth, made to engage the pin pusher on the diurnal wheel during the rotation of the diurnal wheel for one of the 59 teeth of the lunar calendar wheel, the rotation of the lunar calendar wheel and the display on the scale of numbers of the corresponding number from 1 to 29 on the sector of the numbers of the even Muslim lunar calendar a month or a corresponding number from 1 to 30 on the sector of the scale of numbers of the odd Muslim lunar month, as well as the Muslim calendar described above according to the utility model.

DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

The essence of the utility model is illustrated by the drawings in figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7.

In figures 1, 3, 4, there are images of preferred, but not mandatory options for the design of the Muslim calendar mechanism installed primarily in wrist or pocket watches according to the utility model, including:

a watch wheel 1, making two turns per day, on the futur of which the hour hand 26 is worn;

the daily wheel 2, making one revolution per day and having twice as many teeth as the clock wheel 1;

the wheel of the lunar calendar 3, mainly having 59 (29 + 30) teeth and the image of two moons 22 on its surface;

an asterisk of days of week 4, mainly having 7 teeth;

an asterisk of 5 months, mainly having 12 teeth;

pushers 6 and 7 of a daily wheel 2;

pushers 8, 9 of the lunar calendar wheel 3;

clamps 10, 11 and 12, designed to fix the wheels and sprockets in a certain position;

levers 13 and 14 of the correction of the initial setting of the position of the wheel of the numbers of two lunar months 3 and asterisks of months 5;

springs 15 and 16 of the levers 13 and 14, designed to return the levers to their original position;

wheel axis of the days of the week 17; wheel axle for 18 months; the wheel axis of the numbers 19 and the arrow of the numbers of the month 20.

Figure 2 shows the drawing of the wheel of the lunar calendar 3 with the image of two moons 22 on the surface for the subsequent full or partial appearance of one of them in the phase indicator of the moon 24 (figure 5, 6) and an indication of the corresponding phase of the moon in adjacent even and odd months with providing the possibility of visual observation of the corresponding phase of the moon on a specific number of the Muslim calendar.

Figures 3 and 4 show kinematic diagrams of the functioning of the Muslim calendar according to a utility model indicating the directions of rotation of the wheels, asterisks and arrows of the numbers of the month 20.

Figures 5 and 6 show an image of preferred, but not mandatory, options for the design of the dials 25 installed mainly on a wristwatch device of the Muslim calendar according to a utility model including: arrow pointer 20; dial gauge of days of the week 21; dial gauge of numbers or names of months 23; moon phase indicator 24; dial 25; hour hand 26.

Figure 5 shows a variant of the construction of the Muslim calendar with a round dial of numbers 28, located around the circumference of the dial 25 with successive numbers or marks of two Muslim lunar months - even, containing 29 days, and odd, containing 30 days, and made with two sectors, one of which contains numbers or labels of numbers of one even Muslim lunar month from 1 to 29 sequentially and evenly spaced around the circle, and the other - sequentially and evenly figures aspolozhennye circumferentially odd numbers Muslim lunar month from 1 to 30.

Figure 6 shows an embodiment of the Muslim calendar with a scale of numbers located around the circumference of a rotating disk by means of showing a specific number on a scale of numbers made in the form of a window 30 on the dial 25 with the possibility of showing in the window a corresponding number from 1 to 29 on the sector of even lunar numbers months of the scale of numbers or display in the window of the corresponding number from 1 to 30 on the sector of numbers of the odd lunar month of the scale of numbers.

1, 2, 3 and 4 show the location of two pusher pins 8 and 9 on the lunar calendar wheel 3 with 59 teeth located opposite each other on one side at a distance of 29 teeth, and on the other hand at a distance of 30 teeth with the ability to rotate the sprocket for 5 months on one tooth when it contacts one of the two pusher pins 8 or 9 of the lunar calendar 3 wheel and indicate the corresponding lunar month on the month scale.

In this case, the pusher pins 8 and 9 on the wheel 3 of the lunar calendar 3 (Figs. 1, 2, 3, 4,) are located so that they provide the display of the moon 22 in the phase indicator of the moon 24 indicating the new moon.

Figures 5, 6, 7 show a variant of the preferred, but not mandatory, design of the moon phase indicator 24 for visually showing the corresponding moon phase by a specific number in a curly slot in the central part of the dial 25, in which when the wheels of the lunar calendar 3 are rotated completely or partially appears one of the moon 22 depicted on the wheel of the lunar calendar 3 (Figs. 1, 2,), which allows you to visually determine the corresponding phase of the moon for a specific number of Muslim calendar.

7 shows the appearance of a wristwatch with a case 29 and a traditional hour and minute dial, in which there is a Muslim calendar with a round dial of numbers 28, located around the circumference of dial 25 with consecutive numbers or marks of two lunar months - an even one containing 29 days , and odd, containing 30 days, a pointer to the numbers 20, a pointer to the days of the week 21, a pointer to the numbers or names of the months 23, an indicator of the phases of the moon 24.

EXAMPLES OF IMPLEMENTATION AND INDUSTRIAL IMPLEMENTATION.

Unlike the mechanism of the patent prototype, the device according to the utility model is as simple as possible according to the manufacturing principle of operation, does not require monthly correction of numbers at the end of the month, but requires only possible correction no more than once every two to three years, by pressing the lever 13 or 14 .

The options for constructive implementation of the mechanism of the Muslim Hijra calendar shown in figures 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 can be installed by the utility model practically at any clock with analog indication and can be used to indicate the numbers, days of the week, months and years of the Muslim Hijra calendar .

According to the utility model, the calendar mechanism of the Muslim calendar functions, and the method for determining the dates of the Muslim calendar is implemented as follows:

The clock wheel 1 with a clockwise mounted on it 26 rotates, making two turns per day (Fig.3, 4).

In engagement with him is the daily wheel 2 having twice as many teeth and making one revolution per day.

Two pins 6 and 7 are installed on the daily wheel 2, which push the corresponding sprockets on one tooth every day - pin 7 pushes the week star of week 4, on the axis of which the arrow of days of week 21 is mounted, and pin 6 pushes the wheel of the lunar calendar 3.

On axis 19 of the wheel of the lunar calendar 3, which makes a revolution in 2 lunar months, an arrow 20 is set, showing the corresponding day of the month of the Muslim calendar.

Two pins are installed on the wheel wheel of the lunar calendar 3 through 29 and 30 teeth - pushers 8 and 9, which push the sprocket of months 5 installed on the axis 18 every lunar month onto one tooth, and the latch 12 fixes it in the required position.

The days of the week can be adjusted using the hand switch mechanism and usually do not require correction after the first installation.

The phases of the moon and the numbers of the lunar months are corrected by the corresponding arrangement of the wheels of the lunar calendar 3 by means of the lever 13 and the spring 15, which returns the lever 13 to its original position after correcting the position of the wheels of the lunar calendar.

The required position of the sprocket of months 5 mounted on the axis 18 is adjusted using the lever 14, where the spring 16 returns the lever to its original position after correction.

When installing any known year counter, a calendar device according to a utility model can also show years according to the Muslim Hijra calendar. For example, it is possible to indicate the year number on the Muslim calendar by attaching a decimal year counter to the wheel of months.

The most preferred option for using the Muslim calendar according to a utility model, because of its simplicity and compactness, is to install it in a watch, for example, in a wrist, pocket, desktop, cabinet or other watch.

It is also possible industrial production of a separate calendar module that is installed on a basic clock mechanism.

Thus, the utility model provides the possibility of industrial production and practical use of a simple-by-design, accurate and reliable to use, cheap to manufacture and suitable for installation in any analogue clock calendar device for determining the numbers, days of the week, months and years according to the lunar Muslim calendar Hijrah with a simultaneous practical solution to the Turkish-Arab problem of the Muslim calendar of times in different time cycles.

COMPLIANCE WITH ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA.

In general, given the novelty and non-obviousness of the utility model, shown in the section "Background" and "The essence of the utility model", the materiality of all general and particular features of the utility model, proved in the section "Disclosure of a utility model", as well as the industrial feasibility of the utility model and the solution of the problem and the achievement of the technical result, in our opinion, the claimed group of inventions satisfies all the requirements of eligibility for utility models.

Thus, there is every reason to assert that the utility model meets all the requirements of eligibility, and the analysis shows that all the general and particular features of the utility model are essential, since each of them is necessary, and all together they are not only sufficient to solve the task and achieve the desired technical result, but also allow you to implement a useful model in an industrial way.

INFORMATION SOURCES

1. Patent RU No. 2234724, G 04 B 19/24, publication date 2004.08.20, EP 01/03884 (04/05/2001), WO 01/77756 (10/18/2001).

2. RU patent for utility model No. 17373, G 04 B 47/00, publication date 2001.03.27.

3. Patent RU No. 2144749, G 04 B 19/26, publication date 1999.01.10; WO 95/07499 (03.16.95).

4. Patent RU No. 2146832, G 04 B 19/24, publication date 2000.03.20.

5. Patent EP 0606576, G 04 B 19/253; G 04 B 19/00, publication date 1999-02-05 (US 5379272) (prototype).

Claims (21)

1. A Muslim calendar containing a scale of numbers and a means of displaying a number on a scale of numbers, characterized in that the scale of numbers contains consecutive numbers or labels of numbers of an even lunar month from 1 to 29 and digits or numbers of numbers of an odd lunar month from 1 to 30 and executed in the form of a circle with two sectors, one of which contains numbers or labels of numbers of an even lunar month evenly distributed around a circle from 1 to 29, and on the other - numbers or labels of numbers of an odd lunar month evenly distributed around a circle from 1 to 30, while the scale of numbers is stationary, and the means of showing the number on the scale of numbers is made in the form of a rotating arrow pointer, with the possibility of indicating on the scale of numbers a corresponding number from 1 to 29 on the sector of numbers of an even lunar month or indicating on the scale of numbers by an appropriate number from 1 to 30 on the sector of the scale of numbers of the odd lunar month, or the scale of numbers is located on a rotating disk, and the means for displaying the numbers on the scale of numbers is made in the form of a window in the dial with the possibility of showing the corresponding number in the window ranged from 1 to 29 on the sector of numbers of the even lunar month of the scale of numbers or display in the window the corresponding number from 1 to 30 on the sector of numbers of the odd lunar month of the scale of numbers. 2. The Muslim calendar according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains a means of movement made in the form of a daily wheel rotating with a 24-hour cycle and meshed with it with a gear ratio of 59: 1 of the lunar calendar wheel. 3. The Muslim calendar according to claim 2, characterized in that the lunar calendar wheel is made with 59 teeth, and the daily wheel is equipped with a pusher pin with the possibility of its engagement during rotation of the daily wheel for one of the 59 teeth of the lunar calendar wheel, rotation of the lunar calendar wheel and showing on the number scale the corresponding number from 1 to 29 on the sector of the even lunar month numbers or the corresponding number from 1 to 30 on the sector of the odd lunar month number scale. 4. The Muslim calendar according to claim 3, characterized in that it further comprises a lunar calendar wheel retainer with the ability to fix the lunar calendar wheel positions and means for displaying numbers in positions corresponding to numbers on the number scale. 5. The Muslim calendar according to claim 3, characterized in that it further comprises a means of indicating the days of the week, made, for example, in the form of a scale of days of the week, an index of the days of the week, an asterisk of days of the week having 7 teeth and associated with the index of the days of the week, and a pin - pusher on the daily wheel, made with the possibility of rotation of the sprocket of days of the week by one tooth when it is in contact with the pusher pin of the daily wheel and indicate the corresponding day of the week on the scale of days of the week. 6. The Muslim calendar according to claim 5, characterized in that on the scale of the days of the week, Friday is highlighted in color or with a special mark as the holy day of the week of the Muslim calendar. 7. The Muslim calendar according to claim 5, characterized in that it further comprises an asterisk for fixing the days of the week with the ability to fix the positions of the asterisks of the days of the week and the index of the days of the week in the positions corresponding to the days of the week on the weekday scale. 8. The Muslim calendar according to claim 3, characterized in that it further comprises a means for indicating the number or name of the lunar month, made, for example, in the form of a scale of the lunar months, an index of numbers or names of the lunar month, an asterisk of the months with 12 teeth, and two pins pushers on the wheel of the lunar calendar, located on the wheel of the lunar calendar with 59 teeth opposite each other on the one hand at a distance of 29 teeth, and on the other hand at a distance of 30 teeth, made with the possibility of turning on one tooth of the sprocket a month ev when it comes into contact with one of the two pushers of the lunar calendar wheel and indicates the corresponding lunar month on the month scale. 9. The Muslim calendar of claim 8, characterized in that on the lunar month scale, 1, 7, 8 and 9 months are highlighted as the holy months of the year of the Muslim calendar in color or with special marks. 10. The Muslim calendar of claim 8, characterized in that it further comprises a sprocket of months with the ability to fix the positions of the sprocket of the months and the index of numbers or names of months in the provisions corresponding to the months on the month scale. 11. The Muslim calendar according to claim 3, characterized in that it further comprises means for displaying the moon phase, made, for example, in the form of a dial with a figured window indicating the phases of the moon and images of two moons located on the surface of the wheel of the lunar calendar, made with the possibility of visual display in the figured moon phase display window of the full or partial images of the moons on the wheel of the lunar calendar, corresponding to the moon phase for a specific number of the Muslim calendar. 13. The Muslim calendar according to any one of paragraphs.3, 8, characterized in that it further comprises means for correcting or initially setting the position of the lunar calendar wheel and asterisk of the months, made, for example, in the form of a reversing wheel of months, correction levers or initial setting of the position of the lunar wheel calendar and stars of months and springs of return of levers to a starting position. 14. Muslim calendar according to any one of paragraphs.3, 8, characterized in that it is made with the possibility of installation in hours with an indication of solar time. 15. The Muslim calendar according to any one of paragraphs.3, 8, characterized in that it is configured to install in a clock with an indication of solar time and an indication of the numbers or dates of the Gregorian calendar. 16. The Muslim calendar according to any one of claims 3, 8, characterized in that it is arranged to be installed in a wrist or pocket watch, in which the means for indicating the date of the Muslim calendar are located on the opposite side of the watch relative to the location of the means for indicating solar time. 17. The Muslim calendar for watches containing a clockwork, a dial with means for indicating solar time and means for indicating the number of the Muslim calendar in the form of a number scale, means for displaying a number on the number scale, and means of moving the Muslim calendar, characterized in that the number scale contains sequentially arranged numbers or marks of numbers of an even lunar month from 1 to 29 and numbers or marks of numbers of an odd lunar month from 1 to 30 and is made located on the watch dial in the form of a circle with two sectors , on one of which there are evenly distributed around the circumference numbers or labels of numbers of an even lunar month from 1 to 29, and on the other - evenly distributed around the circumference of numbers or labels of numbers of the odd lunar month from 1 to 30, the means of showing the number on the scale of numbers is made in in the form of a rotating arrow pointer, with the possibility of indicating on a scale of numbers a corresponding number from 1 to 29 on the sector of numbers of an even lunar month, or indicating on a scale of numbers on a corresponding number from 1 to 30 on a sector of the scale of numbers of an odd lunar about a month, and the means of movement of the Muslim calendar is made in the form of a diurnal wheel rotating with a 24-hour cycle and meshed with it with a gear ratio 59: 1 of the lunar calendar wheel with 59 teeth, and the diurnal wheel is equipped with a pusher pin with the possibility of its engagement when the rotation of the daily wheel for one of the 59 teeth of the lunar calendar wheel, the rotation of the lunar calendar wheel and the display on the scale of numbers of the corresponding number from 1 to 29 on the sector of the numbers of the even lunar month or the corresponding number from 1 to 3 0 on the sector of the scale of numbers of the odd lunar month. 18. The Muslim calendar for watches according to claim 17, characterized in that it further comprises means for indicating the days of the week in the form of a scale of days of the week, an index of days of the week, an asterisk of days of the week having 7 teeth and associated with an index of days of the week, and a pin-pusher daily wheel made with the possibility of rotation of the sprocket of the days of the week by one tooth when it is in contact with the pusher pin of the daily wheel and indicating the corresponding day of the week on the scale of the days of the week, means for indicating the number or name of the lunar month of Muslim calendar in the form of a scale of lunar months, an index of numbers or names of the lunar month, an asterisk of months with 12 teeth, and two pusher pins on the wheel of the lunar calendar, located on the wheel of the lunar calendar with 59 teeth against each other on one side at a distance 29 teeth, and on the other hand, at a distance of 30 teeth, made with the possibility of turning the sprocket of the month by one tooth when it comes into contact with one of the two pusher pins of the lunar calendar wheel and indicates the corresponding lunar month on the scales e months, and a means of displaying the moon phase in the form of a dial with a figured window for indicating moon phases and images of two moons symmetrically located on the surface of the lunar calendar wheel, configured to visually display in the figured window displaying moon phases full or partial images of the moons on the lunar calendar wheel corresponding to the phase of the moon on a specific number of the Muslim calendar, and means for correcting the initial setting of the position of the wheels of the lunar calendar and the stars of the months in the form of levers to correct the initial setting and the position of the lunar calendar months wheels and sprockets and levers return spring to its original position. 19. The Muslim calendar for watches according to claim 17, characterized in that on the scale of the days of the week the color or a special mark is highlighted Friday as the holy day of the week of the Muslim calendar, and on the lunar month scale, the months, 1, 7, 8 and 9 are highlighted with special marks like the holy months of the year of the Muslim calendar. 20. The Muslim calendar for watches according to claim 17, characterized in that it is configured to be installed in a watch with an indication of solar time. 21. The Muslim calendar for watches according to claim 17, characterized in that it is arranged to be installed in the watch with indication of solar time and indication of numbers or dates of the Gregorian calendar. 22. The Muslim calendar for watches according to item 21, characterized in that it is arranged to be installed in a wrist or pocket watch, in which the means for indicating the date of the Muslim calendar are located on the opposite side of the watch relative to the location of the means for indicating solar time.