RU99201U1 - MUSLAND CALENDAR AND MUSLAND CALENDAR FOR HOURS - Google Patents

Abstract

 1. The Muslim calendar, containing the scale of the days of the months according to the Muslim calendar and means for indicating the days of the months according to the Muslim calendar, characterized in that the scale of the days of the months according to the Muslim calendar contains sequentially arranged numbers or marks of the days of the months according to the Muslim calendar from 1 to 30, and the tool the days of the months according to the Muslim calendar on the scale of the days of the months according to the Muslim calendar are made in the form of a pointer with the ability to automatically reset the pointer I am on the first day of the month of the Muslim calendar at the beginning of each month. ! 2. The Muslim calendar according to claim 1, characterized in that the scale of the days of the months according to the Muslim calendar is made in the form of figures from 1 to 30 located on the circle sector or marks of the days of the months according to the Muslim calendar. ! 3. The Muslim calendar according to claim 1, characterized in that the scale of the days of the months according to the Muslim calendar is stationary, and the means for indicating the days of the months according to the Muslim calendar is made in the form of an arrow pointer that rotates around the axis with a retrograde indication with the possibility of indicating the corresponding days on the days of the months on the Muslim calendar. ! 4. The Muslim calendar according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains a scale of days of the week according to the Muslim calendar and an index of days of the week according to the Muslim calendar. ! 5. The Muslim calendar according to claim 5, characterized in that on the scale of the days of the week, Friday is highlighted in color or with a special mark as the holy day of the week according to the Muslim calendar. ! 6. The Muslim calendar according to claim 1, characterized in

Description

Technical field

The utility model relates to chronology, to mechanical calendar devices and methods for determining the numbers, months and years of the lunar Muslim calendar and can be used, in particular, in chronological and clock mechanisms to determine the numbers, months and years associated with the lunar cycle of the Hijra Muslim calendar, constantly changing with respect to the numbers and months of the Gregorian calendar associated with the solar cycle, and can also be used in the manufacture of wrist or pocket watches or watch devices with the Muslim Hijra calendar or other devices with a lunar time cycle.

BACKGROUND

Many ancient peoples - the Babylonians, Jews, Greeks, Chinese - previously used the lunar calendar, but later switched to the lunar-solar calendar system, and then to the solar calendar system in the form of the initially widespread Julian, and then the generally accepted Gregorian calendar.

Lunar calendars are based on the lunar cycle, lunar-solar calendars on the lunar-solar cycle, and solar calendars are based on the solar cycle.

However, in many countries of the Near and Middle East, for example, Algeria, Indonesia, Morocco, Pakistan, and some others, in which Islam is the dominant religion, a calendar is currently used based solely on the visible movement of the moon (lunar cycle) and completely independent of movement of the sun (solar cycle). At the same time, the Muslim calendar lunar month does not coincide with the astronomical lunar month, since the reckoning according to the Muslim calendar began with a specific historical event at a particular point in time, and date adjustments are made according to certain rules.

In contrast to the Julian calendar, widely used until 1582, and the currently widely recognized Gregorian calendar, according to which the tropical solar year (the time between the two winter solstices) is considered equal to 365 or 366 days, the Muslim calendar is built only on the account of the lunar cycle and therefore, it is lunar, and the length of the year according to the Muslim calendar is 354 or 355 days.

All Muslim lunar calendars are based either on an 8-year periodicity ("Turkish cycle") or on a 30-year periodicity ("Arabic cycle"), and in some countries of the East (Turkey, Iran, Afghanistan), calendars built on both one and the other cycle.

The starting date for the introduction of the Muslim Hijra calendar (Hijra, Arabic - relocation) is considered July 16, 622 according to the Julian calendar - the day the Prophet Muhammad and his followers moved from Mecca to Medina. Under the Caliph Omar I in 637, this day was declared the beginning of the Muslim era, and from that day began the reckoning of the Muslim Hijra calendar.

The Hijra Muslim calendar is a lunar calendar in which a calendar year is equal to the duration of the 12 revolutions of the moon around the earth. Moreover, the lunar astronomical month lasts - 29.5305889 sunny days, the length of the lunar astronomical year is 354.36706668 sunny days, the length of the Muslim lunar month is 29 or 30 days, and the length of the Muslim lunar year is 354 or 355 days.

Compared with the solar Gregorian calendar, when calculating according to the lunar Muslim calendar of the Hijra, an annual shift of 10-12 days occurs. 33 years of Hijra are approximately equal to 32 solar years.

In pre-Islamic times, in the then-used lunar-solar Arabic calendar, the months remained in their places during the solar year due to the fact that as the "extra days" accumulated, the 13th month - "nasi" was added to the lunar year.

However, the founder of Islam, the prophet Muhammad, once forbade Muslims to add these days, and the Koran specifically stated that only the moon is the measure of time. It was allowed only in leap lunar years to increase the number of days from 354 to 355 to keep the new moon near the first day of the month. These additional days are included in the last month of the lunar year - Suhl-Hijjah, which usually has 29 days.

Thus, the Muslim lunar year is always shorter than the solar Gregorian year by 10 days, if the lunar year is a leap year and the sun is simple; for 11 days if both years are simple or leap; and even for 12 days if the lunar year is simple and the solar year is a leap year.

Accordingly, if in 2000 the beginning of the year according to the Muslim calendar was on April 6, then the beginning of the next year was March 26, 2001, and then March 15, 2002. Thus, the beginning of the year eventually moves from spring to winter, from winter in the fall, then in the summer, and finally again returns to spring. Therefore, in the Muslim calendar there are no winter, spring, summer and autumn months, since they "roam" for all seasons.

In this regard, at present, the Muslim lunar year is not tied to the seasons, and the Muslim lunar months move throughout all times of the solar Gregorian year. For example, the month of Ramadan, whose name in Arabic means “burning”, can be in winter, and in spring, and in summer, and in autumn.

The number of months in the Muslim Hijra calendar, as in the Gregorian calendar, 12, and their names are the same as in the ancient lunar-solar Arabic calendar, and due to the fact that the astronomical lunar month lasts 29.5305889 sunny days (29 days 12 hours 44 minutes 3.8 seconds), it was found that the even lunar months of the Muslim Hijra calendar have 29, and the odd ones 30 days:

1. Muharram - Muharram - 30 days;

2. Safar - Safar - 29 days;

3. Rabi AI-Awal (Rabi "I) - Rabi-ul-avval - 30 days;

4. Rabi AI-Akher (Rabi "II) - Rabi-ul-ahir - 29 days;

5. Jumada AI-Awal (Jumada I) - Jumad-ul-Aval - 30 days;

6. Jumada AI-Akher (Jumada II) - Jumad-ul-ahir - 29 days;

7. Rajab - Rajab - 30 days;

8. Sha ”ban - Shaaban - 29 days;

9. Ramadan - Ramadan (in Persian) or Ramadan (in Turkic) - 30 days;

10. Shawwal - Shavval - 29 days;

11. Zul-Qa "dah - Zul-Qa'ad - 30 days;

12. Zul-Hijjah - Zul-Hijjah - 29 days.

Moreover, according to the Muslim calendar, 1, 7, 8 and 9 months (Muharram, Rajab, Shaaban and Ramadan) are considered sacred, during which any armed clashes were prohibited. In addition, the holy day of the week is Friday.

According to the Muslim calendar for new moons, not only months are determined, but also the dates of Muslim holidays and memorable events for each year.

As an example, Table 1 shows the dates of the main Muslim holidays moving in the 1426 Hijra or 2005-2006 Gregorian calendar, moving each year.

Muslim holidays in 1426 / 2005-2006

Table 1 Holidays Hijri Date European calendar date First day of fasting 1 Ramadan 1426 October 4, 2005 (with sunset) Lailat ul-Qadr 20-29 Ramadan 1426 October 23 - November 1, 2005 Eid ul Fitr 1 Chowal 1426 November 3, 2005 The beginning of the Hajj 8-13 Suhl-Hija 1426 January 8-13, 2006 Arafat Day 9 Suhl-Hija 1426 January 9, 2006 Eid ul Adha 10 Suhl-Hija 1426 January 10, 2006

Due to the constant changes in the dates of the Muslim calendar relative to the generally accepted Gregorian calendar in the world, practical problems arise of accurate, regular and simple determination of the numbers, months and years of the Hijra Muslim calendar.

To determine the numbers of the lunar Muslim Hijra calendar relative to the dates of the solar Gregorian calendar and vice versa, there are special calculation formulas and tables, however they are complicated and inconvenient to use, because they either require complex calculations or they contain voluminous lists of the corresponding numbers, months and years of the Gregorian calendar and Muslim Hijra calendar.

In particular, for the approximate translation of the year of the Muslim calendar in the years of the Gregorian calendar, the following formula is used:

G = M + 622-M: 33,

where G is the year of the Gregorian calendar, M is the year of the Muslim calendar.

For example, if you want to know which year of the Gregorian calendar corresponds to the year 1418 of the Hijra, then substituting the number 1418 in the formula instead of M, we get:

G = 1418 + 622-1418: 33 = 1997-.

The sign - (minus) indicates that a fraction remained from dividing 1418 by 33, which should be taken away from 1997. This means that the year 1418 of the Hijra corresponds to 1996-1997. Gregorian calendar.

And vice versa, if it is necessary to establish which year of the Hijra any year of the Gregorian calendar will correspond, for example 2003, the formula is used:

M = G-622 + (G-622): 32.

For this example, M = 2003-622 + (2003-622): 32 = 1424 +.

The + sign means that the fraction obtained by dividing the difference 2003-622 by 32 should be added to the number 1424.

In other words, the 2003 Gregorian calendar will fall on the years 1424-1425 of the Hijra.

The calculation of the comparative dates of the Muslim and Gregorian calendars, including the day of the month, month and year, is much more complicated and cumbersome.

Mechanical calendar devices widely used in mechanical watches with a daily time cycle are known which show only the day numbers in relatively simple watches, and days of the week and months of the solar Gregorian calendar in more complex watches. Moreover, these mechanical calendar devices, as a rule, require a monthly additional adjustment of numbers at the end of the previous or beginning of each subsequent month.

In particular, it is known, in particular, that the Glashütter Urenbetrib GmbH GmbH (DE) and the inventors Weissbach Siegfried (DE) and Kaden Eberhard (DE) invented a calendar device for the clockwork, which is powered by a clock wheel that performs one revolution in 24 hours.

This device requires regular adjustment of the day of the month at the end of the month, therefore, to prevent twisting of the number of days, the impact on the duration and accuracy of the course, this calendar device includes two index disks with gear crowns, with the help of which units and tens of days of the month are indicated, the program carrier equipped with a ring gear that performs one revolution in 31 days, and a locking spring interacting with this ring gear and two additional locking elements of the index discs, media-controlled programs in such a way that on those days in which there is a danger of twisting of the index discs, they are rotated into the gear ring of the corresponding index disc and removed from it, thereby preventing the danger of twisting of the index disc [1].

Known electromechanical watches with a moon phase indicator, comprising a case with a dial and arrows placed on it, associated with an electromechanical drive, including a pulse generator stabilized by a quartz stabilizer, a frequency divider, a stepping mechanism and gears of an arrow drive, characterized in that in addition to the numbers on the dial the image of the phases of the moon (the symbol of the new moon, the growing moon, the symbol of the full moon and the waning moon) is plotted, and the electromechanical drive of the additional arrow is adjusted so It means that one turn of the arrow on the dial corresponds to a synodic lunar month equal to 29.530588 sunny days [2].

Known chronometer Geylison William E. (US) for displaying the phases of the moon when indicating the time of day, containing a time indicator located on the dial, and indicator elements of the phases of the moon, in which the indicator elements of the phases of the moon are configured to supply electric power to them to form a contrasting combination light and shadow synchronously with the phases of the moon, in addition, the chronometer contains a controller for selectively supplying electrical power to the indicator elements of the phases of the moon and a microprocessor to control the controller. Moreover, the indicator elements of the phases of the moon contain liquid crystal elements and contain four adjacent discrete indicator sections made with the possibility of sequential supply of electric power to them to display the eight phases of the moon [3].

Thin wristwatches with a calendar and with a rigid dial fastening to the main plate of Seiko Instrument, Inc. are known. (JP) equipped with a calendar corrector setting wheel, which is located on the dial side of the main plate and which oscillates having a center of rotation in the second region, in order to correct the date indicator and corrector for the day of the week, which are also equipped with a date normalization tool, which is located on the side the dial of the main plate to normalize the date indicator in the third region, by means of normalizing the indicator of the day of the week, to normalize the asterisk of the day of the week in the second region or third region and a means of driving the date indicator and actuating means of the indicator of the day of the week, having rotating center in the fourth area. In this case, the transfer lever and the winding lever are located on the side opposite to the dial on the main plate [4].

Also known are calendar devices having a lunar phase indicator, traditionally called the lunar calendar. They are intended more for domestic or pseudo-astronomical use, but cannot be a Muslim calendar, since they usually do not allow you to find out the current month and year of the Muslim calendar. The Muslim calendar is called the lunar calendar solely because of its direct reference to the lunar monthly cycle, and the Muslim calendar is carried out according to the lunar monthly cycle, although Muslim lunar months differ from astronomical lunar months.

The mechanical Muslim calendar of Michel Parmigiani, which is installed mainly in analogue clocks, is known, which shows on a scale consisting of consecutive digits from 1 to 30 of the month, taking into account 29-day and 30-day months and usually made amendments to 30-year cycles of the lunar calendar by means of special mechanisms, the first of which provides movement from the rotating part and at the end of each day changes the indicator of the day of the month in one step. The second mechanism associated with the first one ensures the transition from the 29th to the 1st day of the next month at the end of each lunar month with 29 days, and the third mechanism temporarily neutralizes the action of the second mechanism at the end of the additional corrections determined by the 30-year cycle in the last the day of the twelfth and final month of these years [5].

The technical disadvantages of this Muslim calendar is the technical complexity in the implementation and operation, and accordingly, its very high cost and practical inaccessibility to the vast majority of consumers. In addition, this Muslim calendar is configured only for the Arabic 30-year cycle and it is impossible to rebuild to the Turkish 8-year cycle of the year without significant alterations.

The closest in technical essence and achieved using the technical result (prototype) is the Muslim calendar developed earlier by the author with a scale of numbers with sequentially arranged numbers or labels of numbers of an even lunar month from 1 to 29 and numbers or labels of numbers of an odd lunar month from 1 to 30, which is made in the form of a circle with two sectors, one of which contains numbers or labels of numbers of an even lunar month evenly distributed around the circle from 1 to 29, and on the other - evenly distributed numbers or labels of numbers of the odd lunar month from 1 to 30, and the means of displaying the numbers on the number scale are made in the form of a rotating arrow pointer with the ability to indicate on the number scale a corresponding number from 1 to 29 on the sector of the even lunar month numbers or instructions on the scale of numbers by the corresponding number from 1 to 30 on the sector of the scale of numbers of the odd lunar month [5, prototype].

The disadvantages of the Muslim prototype calendar developed earlier by the author of the Muslim calendar are the cumbersome scale of the days of the months according to the Muslim calendar, the complexity of the drive mechanism, as well as the limited arrangement of the arrow of the days of the months (can be located in the center of the mechanism and coaxially with the moon phase indicator, a small rotation angle of the arrow (6.1 degrees ) between the days of the months, which entails low readability of the numbers of days of the months.

TASKS AND TECHNICAL RESULTS

The objective of the proposed utility model and the technical result obtained from its use is to create a simple in design, compact, accurate and reliable to use, cheap to manufacture and suitable for installation in almost any analogue clock calendar device for determining numbers, days of the week, months and years according to the Hijra Muslim calendar, while at the same time solving the Turkish-Arab problem of the Muslim calendar in different time cycles, a large rotation angle (up to 12 degrees) between the days of the months, which entails higher readability of the numbers of days of the months., The unlimited location of the arrow of the days of the months (can be located anywhere in the mechanism and misaligned with the moon phase indicator, as well as visual convenience, since after the end of the month, the arrow returns to the first number, i.e. to its initial position.

DISCLOSURE OF A USEFUL MODEL

The problem is solved, and the technical result required during the implementation of the utility model is achieved by the fact that the Muslim calendar, containing the scale of the days of the months according to the Muslim calendar and the means for indicating the days of the months according to the Muslim calendar, according to the utility model, the scale of the days of the months according to the Muslim calendar contains numbers or labels the number of days of the months according to the Muslim calendar is from 1 to 30, and the means of indicating the days of the months according to the Muslim calendar on the scale of the days of the months by Muslim Manske calendar is designed as a needle indicator with retrograde display of days of the month of the Muslim calendar to automatically reset the switch pointer on the first day of the month of the Muslim calendar at the beginning of each month.

At the same time, the scale of the days of the months according to the Muslim calendar is made in the form of figures from 1 to 30 or the numbers of the days of the months according to the Muslim calendar and is stationary, and the means for indicating the days of the months according to the Muslim calendar is made in the form of a retro-directional arrow pointer indication with the ability to indicate the corresponding days on the scale of the days of the months according to the Muslim calendar.

The Muslim calendar contains a scale of days of the week according to the Muslim calendar with the color or special mark of Friday highlighted as the holy day of the week according to the Muslim calendar and an index of days of the week according to the Muslim calendar.

The Muslim calendar also contains a scale of months for the Muslim calendar, on which 1, 7, 8 and 9 months are highlighted as the holy months of the year of the Muslim calendar with color or special marks, and a month indicator for the Muslim calendar.

The Muslim calendar also contains a means of displaying the phases of the moon with the ability to display the corresponding phases of the moon for each day according to the Muslim calendar in the form of a lunar disk with the possibility of making one revolution in 59 days in accordance with two revolutions of the moon around the earth.

The Muslim calendar also contains a drive mechanism, including the lunar disk 1 with the ability to rotate every day 1/59 of a turn, trib 2 arrows of the index of the days of the months according to the Muslim calendar, arrow 3 days of the months according to the Muslim calendar, comb 4 drives of the days of the months according to the Muslim calendar, comb 5 backlash samples, a spring 6 backlash samples, a lunar disk lock 7, a daily wheel 8 with rotation with a 24-hour cycle, a lunar disk pusher 9, an asterisk 10 means of indicating the month according to the Muslim calendar, s Relkom 11 months of the Muslim calendar, the latch 12 arrows months of the Muslim calendar, a star of the arrow 13 months of the Muslim calendar, the scale of 14 days of the month of the Muslim calendar and timeline of 15 months of the Muslim calendar.

In this case, the lunar disk 1 is made with 59 teeth, and the daily wheel 8 is equipped with a pusher 9 with the possibility of its engagement with the rotation of the daily wheel 8 for one of the 59 teeth of the lunar 1 wheel, rotation of the lunar disk and display on the scale of 14 days of the months according to the Muslim calendar of the corresponding number from 1 to 30 on a scale of 14 days of a month according to the Muslim calendar.

In addition, the Muslim calendar additionally contains a fixator for indicating the days on the Muslim calendar in the provisions corresponding to the numbers or marks of days on the 14-day scale of the Muslim calendar, and also additionally contains a means for indicating the days of the week, made in the form of a scale of days of the week, an index of the days of the week, an asterisk days of the week with 7 teeth and associated with the index of the days of the week, and a pusher-pusher on the daily wheel 8, made with the possibility of rotation of the sprocket of days of the week by one tooth when its ikosnovenii with a pin-pusher daily wheel 8 and indicating the appropriate day of the week on the scale of days of the week.

At the same time, the Muslim calendar additionally contains an asterisk for fixing the days of the week with the possibility of fixing the positions of the asterisks of the days of the week and the index of the days of the week in positions corresponding to the days of the week on the scale of the days of the week, and additionally contains a means of indicating the number or name of the month according to the Muslim calendar, made in the form of an index numbers or names of months, an asterisk of months with 12 teeth, and two pusher pins on the lunar disk wheel located on the lunar calendar wheel with 59 teeth against the other, on the one hand, at a distance of 29 teeth, and on the other hand, at a distance of 30 teeth, made to rotate the sprocket of a month by one tooth when it comes in contact with one of the two pushers-pushers of the lunar disk and indicate the corresponding month on the calendar of months on the Muslim calendar .

In addition, the Muslim calendar additionally contains a sprocket of months with the ability to fix the positions of the sprocket of the months and the index of numbers or names of months in the provisions corresponding to the months on the scale of the months of the Muslim calendar.

The Muslim calendar contains a means of displaying the moon phase, made, for example, in the form of a dial with a figured window indicating the phases of the moon and images of two moons located on the surface of the lunar disk, configured to visually display in the figured window indicating the phases of the moon full or partial images of one of the moons on the wheel of the lunar calendar corresponding to the phase of the moon for a specific day on the Muslim calendar, as well as the Muslim calendar additionally contains a means of correction or initial setting for dix lunar disk and sprocket months, made, for example, in the form of a reversing wheel months correction levers or the original installation position of the lunar calendar months wheels and sprockets and levers return spring to its original position.

In this case, the Muslim calendar can be made with the possibility of setting in a clock with indication of solar time and indicating the numbers or dates of the Gregorian calendar, as well as with the possibility of setting in a wrist or pocket watch, in which the means of indicating days and months on the Muslim calendar are located on the opposite side of the clock regarding the location of the means for indicating solar time.

The problem is solved, and the technical result required when implementing the utility model is also achieved by the fact that the Muslim calendar for watches containing a clock mechanism, a dial with means for indicating solar time, a month scale for the Muslim calendar, a day scale for the months for the Muslim calendar, means for indicating months and days of the months according to the Muslim calendar and the means of movement of the Muslim calendar, according to the utility model, contains consecutive numbers or marks of the number of days months on the Muslim calendar from 1 to 30, and the means of indicating the days of the months on the Muslim calendar is performed with a retrograde indication of the days of the months on the Muslim calendar with the option of automatically resetting it to the first day of the month on the Muslim calendar at the beginning of each month, and the means of movement of the Muslim calendar contains the lunar disk 1 with the possibility of turning every day by 1/59 turn, trib 2 arrows of the index of the days of the months according to the Muslim calendar, arrow 3 days of the months according to the Muslim calendar, g fuck 4 drive days of the month according to the Muslim calendar, comb 5 selects play, spring 6 selects play, lock 7 of the moon disk, daily wheel 8 with rotation 24-hour cycle, pusher 9 moon disk, asterisk 10 means of indicating the month according to the Muslim calendar , the arrow of 11 months according to the Muslim calendar, the latch 12 arrows of the months according to the Muslim calendar, an asterisk 13 arrows of the months according to the Muslim calendar, the scale of 14 days of the months according to the Muslim calendar and the scale of 15 months according to the Muslim calendar .

At the same time, the Muslim calendar for watches is made of the design described above.

The problem is solved, and the technical result required for the implementation of the utility model is also achieved by the fact that according to the method of determining the days and months according to the Muslim calendar, according to the utility model, the days of the months are used according to the Muslim calendar with sequentially arranged numbers or marks of the days of the months according to the Muslim calendar 1 to 30, and the means for indicating the days of the months according to the Muslim calendar is performed with a retrograde indication of the days of the months according to the Muslim calendar with the possibility of a its automatic reset on the first day of the month according to the Muslim calendar at the beginning of each month, while a mechanism containing the lunar disk 1 with the possibility of turning every day by 1/59 turn, trib 2 arrows of the index of the days of the months according to the Muslim calendar, arrow 3 of the days of the months according to the Muslim calendar, comb 4 drives of the days of the months according to the Muslim calendar, comb 5 samples of backlash, spring 6 samples FTA, lunar 7 latch, 8-hour daily rotation wheel with a 24-hour cycle, 9 lunar disk pusher, asterisk 10 means of indicating the month according to the Muslim calendar, 11 months arrow on the Muslim calendar, latch 12 months of the arrow according to the Muslim calendar, asterisk 13 arrows of the months according to the Muslim calendar, a scale of 14 days of the months according to the Muslim calendar and a scale of 15 months according to the Muslim calendar.

In this case, use the Muslim calendar of the design described above.

DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

The essence of the utility model is illustrated by the drawings in figures 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6.

Figure 1 shows a front view, and figure 2 is a rear view of the drive mechanism of the Muslim calendar.

Figure 3 is a diagram of the construction of the profile of a snail retrograde indication 16.

In Fig.4 - the position of the drive mechanism of the Muslim calendar at the beginning of the month, and in Fig.5 - at the end of the month.

Figure 6 shows the design of the pusher assembly of the lunar disk 1.

The mechanism of the Muslim calendar according to the utility model contains the lunar disk 1, trib 2 arrows of the days of the months according to the Muslim calendar, arrow 3 days of the months according to the Muslim calendar, comb 4 drives of the days of the months according to the Muslim calendar, comb 5 samples of the backlash, spring 6 samples of the backlash, latch 7 of the moon a disk, a daily wheel 8, a pusher 9 of the lunar disk, an asterisk 10 of the indicator of the month according to the Muslim calendar, an arrow of the month according to the Muslim calendar 11, a latch 12 of the arrow of the months according to the Muslim calendar; an asterisk 13 arrows of the months according to the Muslim calendar, a scale of 14 days of the months according to the Muslim calendar and a scale of 15 months according to the Muslim calendar.

EXAMPLES OF IMPLEMENTATION AND INDUSTRIAL IMPLEMENTATION

The calculation of days according to the Muslim calendar is based on the fact that the Moon makes a complete revolution around the Earth in 29.5 days, and in the Muslim calendar 12 months, and they alternate in durations of 29 and 30 days. Thus, the calculation of days according to the Muslim calendar is connected with the lunar cycle, and the change of months according to the Muslim calendar occurs during the new moon.

According to the utility model, the Muslim calendar mechanism has a lunar disk 1, which displays the phases of the moon and makes one revolution in 59 days, which corresponds to two revolutions of the moon around the earth. The lunar disk 1 rotates discretely every day 1/59 turn clockwise. During the rotation of the lunar disk 1, two Muslim months pass, one of them lasts 30 days, the other 29 days. Months change during the new moon. The Muslim year has 12 months, the name of the current month is indicated by arrow 11 on the scale 15. The current month is indicated by arrow 3 on the scale 14. When the end of the month is reached, the arrow is automatically reset to the first day.

A watch with a Muslim calendar, in addition to standard functions, displays the moon phase, months and the day of the months on the Muslim calendar.

The work of the Muslim calendar drive mechanism according to the useful calendar model is carried out as follows:

From the clock wheel 17, which makes 2 revolutions per day, the rotation is transmitted to the diurnal wheel 8. Together with the diurnal wheel 8, the pusher 9 of the lunar disk 1 rotates. The pusher 9 times a day rotates the lunar disk 1 by one tooth, and only on the lunar disk 59 teeth.

Snail 16 and disk 19 of switching the months according to the Muslim calendar are rigidly connected with the lunar disk 1. Disc 19 has two teeth, and they are located so that the sector between them corresponds to 29 teeth on the lunar disk.

The teeth of the disk 19 interact with an asterisk 13 having 12 teeth, on the axis of which there is a pointer of months 11. Thus, the disk 19, making one revolution in 59 days, rotates the sprocket 13 one tooth twice during this time with periods of 29 and 30 days .

A snail 16 is attached to the disk 19. A comb 4 slides along the profile of the snail with a pin 18. Rotating together with the lunar disk, the snail lifts the comb until it reaches the highest point of the profile and then falls down. The teeth of the comb 4 mesh with the tribe 2 arrows of the days of the months.

Thus, the rotation of the comb 4 is converted into the rotation of the tribe 2. The angle of elevation of the cochlea and the kinematic parameters of the gearing are calculated so that when the lunar disk rotates by one tooth, hand 3 rotates by a predetermined angle determined by the design of the dial. A comb 5 also works with tribe 2, on which the spring 6 presses. Due to the pressure of the spring, the backlash in the gear mesh is selected, and the clarity of the mechanism is improved.

The snail profile is built according to a certain principle (Figure 3). The maximum and minimum radiuses of the snail profile Rmin and Rmax are set, which determine, respectively, the position of the arrow on the first and thirtieth days of the Muslim month. The difference between these H values sets the maximum angle by which the arrow of the retrograde indication deviates.

To find the intermediate points of the profile, thirty additional concentric circles are constructed so that:

R (n + 1) = Rn + h, where h = H / 30; n = 1 ... 30, where

Rn is the radius of an arbitrary auxiliary circle

n - serial number of the circle

h - step to increase the radius of the circle

Next, create an arc of a circle with a center coinciding with the axis of rotation of the comb and a radius R equal to the distance from the center of the comb to the center of the pin. The arc repeats the trajectory of the pin of the comb. Thus, I will create a circular array of 59 such arcs so that the angle between them is 360 ° / 59 = 6.10 °.

A grid is obtained in which concentric circles determine the step of raising the comb and, accordingly, the rotation of the arrow, and the radial arcs correspond to the rotation of the cochlea by one tooth of the lunar disk, taking into account that the comb pin does not move in a straight line, but along an arc of a circle.

The snail profile is obtained at the intersection points of the circles with radial arcs, as shown in FIG. 3.

The obtained snail profile has two maxima. The top of the first is on a circle of radius Rmax and it corresponds to the 30th day of the first month. The top of the second is on a radius (Rmax-h) and corresponds to the 29th day of the second month.

When the mechanism of the cochlea, rotating clockwise, gradually raises the comb (Figure 4), and the comb with its teeth rotates the tribe of the arrow retrograde indication.

Having reached the maximum point, the comb drops sharply down to the minimum radius of the cochlea, and the cycle repeats (Figure 5). When falling, the comb turns the tribes of the retrograde arrow counterclockwise, so the arrow returns to its initial position on the first day of the month according to the Muslim calendar.

The diurnal wheel pusher rotates the lunar disk once a day by one tooth (Fig 6). Due to this, the mechanism operates discretely, i.e. dates do not change smoothly, but irregularly.

Unlike the mechanism of the patent prototype, the device according to the utility model is as simple as possible according to the principle of manufacture and operation, does not require monthly correction of numbers at the end of the month.

When installing any known year counter, a calendar device according to a utility model can also show years according to the Muslim Hijra calendar. For example, it is possible to indicate the year number on the Muslim calendar by attaching a decimal year counter to the wheel of months.

The most preferred option for using the Muslim calendar according to a utility model because of its simplicity and compactness is to install it in watches, for example, in a wristwatch, pocket watch, desktop, cabinet, or other watch.

It is also possible industrial production of a separate calendar module that is installed on a basic clock mechanism.

Thus, the utility model provides the possibility of industrial production and practical use of a simple in design, accurate and reliable to use, cheap to manufacture and suitable for installation in almost any analogue clock calendar device for determining the numbers, days of the week, months and years according to the lunar Muslim calendar Hijrah with a simultaneous practical solution to the Turkish-Arab problem of the Muslim calendar of times in different time cycles.

Separate details and units of the Muslim calendar can be made of materials commonly used in the watch industry using conventional technologies known in the watch industry using conventional equipment.

COMPLIANCE WITH ELIGIBILITY CRITERIA

In General, given the novelty and non-obviousness of the invention, shown in the section "Prior art" and "The essence of the utility model", the materiality of all general and particular features of the invention, proved in the section "Disclosure of the invention", and also shown in the section "Implementation of the invention", feasibility utility model and the solution of the problem and the achievement of the technical result, in our opinion, the claimed group of utility models satisfies all the eligibility requirements for inventions.

Thus, there is every reason to assert that the utility model meets all the requirements of eligibility, and the analysis shows that all the general and particular features of the utility model are essential, since each of them is necessary, and all together they are not only sufficient to solve the task and achieve the desired technical result, but also allow you to implement a useful model in an industrial way.

INFORMATION SOURCES

1. Patent RU No. 2234724, G04B 19/24, publ. 08/20/2004, EP 01/03884, publ. 04/05/2001, WO 01/77756, publ. 10/18/2001.

2. RU patent for utility model No. 17373, G04B 47/00, publ. 03/27/2001.

3. Patent RU No. 2144749, G04B 19/26, publ. 01/10/1999, WO 95/07499, 03.16.95.

4. Patent RU No. 2146832, G04B 19/24, publ. 03/20/2000.

5. Patent EP 0606576, G04B 19/253; G04B 19/00, publ. 02/05/1999 (US 5379272)

6. RF patent No. 2308748, G04B 19/24, G09D 3/00, Publ. 10.20.2007 (prototype).

Claims (23)

1. The Muslim calendar, containing the scale of the days of the months according to the Muslim calendar and means for indicating the days of the months according to the Muslim calendar, characterized in that the scale of the days of the months according to the Muslim calendar contains sequentially arranged numbers or marks of the days of the months according to the Muslim calendar from 1 to 30, and the tool the days of the months according to the Muslim calendar on the scale of the days of the months according to the Muslim calendar are made in the form of a pointer with the ability to automatically reset the pointer I am on the first day of the month of the Muslim calendar at the beginning of each month. 2. The Muslim calendar according to claim 1, characterized in that the scale of the days of the months according to the Muslim calendar is made in the form of figures from 1 to 30 located on the circle sector or marks of the days of the months according to the Muslim calendar. 3. The Muslim calendar according to claim 1, characterized in that the scale of the days of the months according to the Muslim calendar is stationary, and the means for indicating the days of the months according to the Muslim calendar is made in the form of an arrow pointer that rotates around the axis with a retrograde indication with the possibility of indicating the corresponding days on the days of the months on the Muslim calendar. 4. The Muslim calendar according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains a scale of days of the week according to the Muslim calendar and an index of days of the week according to the Muslim calendar. 5. The Muslim calendar according to claim 5, characterized in that on the scale of the days of the week, Friday is highlighted in color or with a special mark as the holy day of the week according to the Muslim calendar. 6. The Muslim calendar according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains a scale of months according to the Muslim calendar and an index of months according to the Muslim calendar. 7. The Muslim calendar according to claim 7, characterized in that on the scale of the months according to the Muslim calendar, 1, 7, 8 and 9 months are highlighted as the holy months of the year of the Muslim calendar in color or special marks. 8. The Muslim calendar according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains means for displaying the phases of the moon with the ability to display the corresponding phases of the moon for each day according to the Muslim calendar. 9. The Muslim calendar according to claim 9, characterized in that the means for displaying the phases of the moon is made in the form of a lunar disk with the possibility of making one revolution in 59 days in accordance with two revolutions of the moon around the earth. 10. The Muslim calendar according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains a drive mechanism, including a lunar disk 1 with the ability to rotate every day by 1/59 of a turn, trib 2 arrows of the days of the month on the Muslim calendar, arrow 3 days of the months on the Muslim calendar, a comb 4 drives days of the months according to the Muslim calendar, a comb 5 samples of play, a spring 6 samples of play, a latch 7 of the moon disk, a daily wheel 8 with rotation with a 24-hour cycle, a pusher 9 of the moon disk, an asterisk 10 means indicating the month by musul Manske calendar arrow 11 months of the Muslim calendar, the latch 12 arrows months of the Muslim calendar, a star of the arrow 13 months of the Muslim calendar, the scale of 14 days of the month of the Muslim calendar and timeline of 15 months of the Muslim calendar. 11. The Muslim calendar according to claim 11, characterized in that the lunar disk 1 is made with 59 teeth, and the daily wheel 8 is equipped with a pusher 9 with the possibility of its engagement with the rotation of the daily wheel 8 for one of the 59 teeth of the lunar 1 wheel, rotation of the lunar disk and showing on the scale of 14 days of the months on the Muslim calendar the corresponding number from 1 to 30 on the scale of 14 days of the months on the Muslim calendar. 12. The Muslim calendar according to claim 11, characterized in that it further comprises a latch means for indicating days on the Muslim calendar in the provisions corresponding to the numbers or marks of days on a scale of 14 days on the Muslim calendar. 13. The Muslim calendar according to claim 11, characterized in that it further comprises a means of indicating the days of the week, made in the form of a scale of days of the week, a pointer to the days of the week, an asterisk of days of the week having 7 teeth and associated with a pointer to the days of the week, and a pin-pusher the daily wheel 8, made with the possibility of rotation of the sprocket of the days of the week by one tooth when it is in contact with the pusher pin of the daily wheel 8 and indicate the corresponding day of the week on the scale of the days of the week. 14. The Muslim calendar according to 14, characterized in that it further comprises a sprocket lock of the days of the week with the ability to fix the positions of the asterisk of the days of the week and the index of the days of the week in the positions corresponding to the days of the week on the scale of days of the week. 15. The Muslim calendar according to claim 11, characterized in that it further comprises a means for indicating the number or name of the month according to the Muslim calendar, made in the form of an index of numbers or names of months, an asterisk of months with 12 teeth, and two pushers on the lunar disk wheel located on the wheel of the lunar calendar with 59 teeth opposite each other on the one hand at a distance of 29 teeth, and on the other hand at a distance of 30 teeth, made with the possibility of turning on one tooth of the sprocket of the months when it touches with one of the two pushers pushers of the lunar disk and indicating the corresponding month on the scale of months according to the Muslim calendar. 16. The Muslim calendar according to claim 11, characterized in that it further comprises a latch of the asterisk of months with the possibility of fixing the positions of the asterisk of months and the index of numbers or names of months in the provisions corresponding to the months on the scale of the months of the Muslim calendar. 17. The Muslim calendar according to claim 11, characterized in that it further comprises means for displaying the moon phase, made for example in the form of a dial with a figured window for indicating the phases of the moon and images of two moons located on the surface of the lunar disk, made with the possibility of visual display in a figured window for indicating the phases of the moons of full or partial images of one of the moons on the wheel of the lunar calendar, corresponding to the phase of the moon for a specific day on the Muslim calendar. 18. The Muslim calendar according to claim 11, characterized in that it further comprises means for correcting or initially setting the position of the lunar disk and the stars of the months, made, for example, in the form of a reversible wheel of the months, levers of correction or initially setting the position of the wheels of the lunar calendar and the stars of the months, and spring return lever to its original position. 19. The Muslim calendar according to claim 11, characterized in that it is made with the possibility of installation in hours with indication of solar time. 20. The Muslim calendar according to claim 11, characterized in that it is configured to install in hours with an indication of solar time and an indication of the numbers or dates of the Gregorian calendar. 21. The Muslim calendar according to claim 11, characterized in that it is arranged to be installed in a wrist or pocket watch, in which the indications of days and months according to the Muslim calendar are located on the opposite side of the clock relative to the location of the solar time indicator. 22. A clock with a Muslim calendar, containing a clock mechanism, a dial with means for indicating solar time, a month scale for the Muslim calendar, a day scale for the months in the Muslim calendar, a means for indicating the months and days of the months in the Muslim calendar, and a means of moving the Muslim calendar, characterized in that the scale of the days of the months according to the Muslim calendar contains sequentially arranged numbers or labels of the numbers of days of the months according to the Muslim calendar from 1 to 30, and the means of indicating the days of the months on the Muslim calendar, it is possible to automatically reset it on the first day of the month according to the Muslim calendar at the beginning of each month, and the means of movement of the Muslim calendar contains a lunar disk 1 with the ability to rotate 1/59 of a turn every day, tribe 2 arrows of the index of the days of the months on the Muslim calendar , arrow 3 days of the months according to the Muslim calendar, comb 4 drives days of the months according to the Muslim calendar, comb 5 samples of play, spring 6 samples of play, lock 7 of the moon disk, wheel daily e 8 rotatable with a 24-hour cycle, a pusher of the 9 lunar disk, an asterisk 10 means of indicating the month according to the Muslim calendar, an arrow of 11 months according to the Muslim calendar, a latch 12 arrows of the months according to the Muslim calendar, an asterisk 13 arrows of the months according to the Muslim calendar, scale 14 days of the months according to the Muslim calendar and a scale of 15 months according to the Muslim calendar. 23. A watch with a Muslim calendar according to claim 22, characterized in that it contains a Muslim calendar according to any one of claims 1 to 22.