RU2424648C2 - Method to grow mushrooms - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: method includes preparation of seed mycelium by means of depth cultivation on a nutrient medium of the following composition: glucose 40 g/l, corn flour 20 g/l, chemically deposited chalk 5 g/l, monosubstituted potassium calcium phosphate 2 g/l, potassium chloride 2 g/l, magnesium sulfate 0.25 g/l, iron-ammonia alums 0.015 g/l, vegetable oil as an antifoam agent in amount of 1% from finished medium volume, water distilled to 1 l, and yeast extract as an additive in the amount of 10 g/l, oak chips 5 g/l, pH 6.5. Mushroom carposomes are produced by means of depth mycelium transfer onto a substrate.

EFFECT: method makes it possible to reduce duration of process of substrate development with mycelium and to produce formed typical mushroom carposomes.

Description

The invention relates to agriculture (mushroom growing) and can be used for growing mycelium and fruiting bodies of Ganoderma lucidum mushrooms - producers of biologically active substances.

A known method of growing higher fungi, including the preparation of the substrate and the introduction of mycelium of the fungus, followed by cultivation to obtain fruiting bodies [1]. For cultivation, they use a special container with a flexible perforated pad that has waterproof and lightproof properties. The existing method allows to increase the yield of mushrooms by 9-13%. The disadvantage of this method is its complexity in use and high cost, since its implementation requires significant material costs for the manufacture of containers and for the maintenance of the entire technological process. In addition, it cannot be used for growing varnished tinder, since the formation of the fruiting bodies of this fungus occurs with a sufficient amount of light.

A known method of growing shiitake mushroom, including preparing a culture on a solid agarized nutrient medium, reseeding the culture for grain, obtaining grain mycelium and inoculating the substrate with grain mycelium [2]. The disadvantage of this method is the duration of the process and its high cost.

A known method of producing seed mycelium of edible fungi, which includes the preparation of mycelial biomass on a nutrient medium in the presence of a growth stimulator, sowing mycelial biomass on a grain nutrient medium, while the mycelial biomass is prepared by deep cultivation, as a nutrient medium use potato-wheat medium, and in as a growth promoter, a suspension of Azospirillum bacteria [3]. However, this method is time-consuming, requiring significant costs for grain, maintaining an additional bacterial culture and is not suitable for cultivating a fungus producing biologically active substances, because the presence of a contaminant can distort the metabolic status of the producer.

Closest to the claimed method is a method of growing edible mushrooms Lentinus edodes, including the preparation of mycelial biomass by deep cultivation on a nutrient medium and obtaining fruiting bodies by planting mycelial biomass on a substrate, characterized in that the cultivation is carried out in the presence of manganese chloride, and the mycelial biomass is prepared before the stage of formation of the pigmented mycelial film of the fungus [4]. However, Ganoderma lucidum is indifferent to manganese chloride additives; moreover, it is not characterized by the presence of a brown film stage in the development cycle.

The invention is aimed at solving the problem of reducing the duration of the technological process of growing Ganoderma lucidum mushrooms due to the rapid development of solid-phase substrate and the possibility of obtaining formed typical fruit bodies of varnished tinder fungus. To solve the problem in a method for growing Ganoderma lucidum mushrooms, including preparing mycelial biomass by deep cultivation on a nutrient medium and obtaining fruiting bodies by planting mycelial biomass on a solid phase substrate, according to the invention, the cultivation is carried out in the presence of yeast extract and sawdust, and the resulting mycelial biomass on a solid phase substrate.

These techniques allowed the most efficient cultivation of fungi, bypassing the stage of cereal mycelium, to prepare the inoculated mycelium for reseeding, and thereby reduce the time of development of the substrate, accelerating the stage of fruiting.

The following composition is used as a nutrient medium for the deep cultivation of Ganoderma lucidum: glucose (40 g / l), corn flour (20 g / l), chemically precipitated chalk (5 g / l), monosubstituted potassium phosphate (2 g / l) potassium chloride (2 g / l), magnesium sulfate (0.25 g / l), ammonium alum (0.015 g / l), vegetable oil as a defoamer (1% of the volume of the prepared medium), distilled water to 1 l and as an additive, yeast extract (10 g / l), oak sawdust (5 g / l), pH 6.5. The medium is poured into flasks with a volume of 500 ml, in an amount of 50 ml, sealed with cotton gauze plugs and sterilized at 120 ° C and a pressure of 1 atm for 40 minutes. Cultivation is carried out at a temperature of 25-26 ° C on a circular rocking chair. The duration of cultivation until the formation of characteristic pellets is 3 days.

For this, the Ganoderma lucidum culture was grown on mowed agar with agarized beer wort (3-4 degrees Balling) or with potato-glucose agar at pH 6-6.5 and a temperature of 26 °.

Liquid nutrient medium containing glucose (40 g / l), corn flour (20 g / l), chemically precipitated chalk (5 g / l), monosubstituted potassium phosphate (2 g / l), potassium chloride (2 g / l) , magnesium sulfate (0.25 g / l), iron-ammonium alum (0.015 g / l), vegetable oil (1% of the volume of the finished medium), distilled water to 1 l, yeast extract (10 g / l), oak sawdust ( 5 g / l) were seeded with pieces of mycelium overgrown agar, an area of about 2 cm ² . Inoculated flasks were placed in nests of a circular rocking chair and deep cultivation was carried out for 3 days. A solid sterile substrate consisting of oak sawdust and straw was sown with the obtained mycelial biomass in a volume ratio of 1: 3 at a moisture content of 70%. The mycelium mastered the substrate for 4 weeks at 26 °, then fruiting bodies were obtained at a temperature of 23-25 ° and a humidity of 80-90%.

The technical result achieved by the implementation of the proposed method is determined by reducing the duration of the mycelium assimilation of the substrate and obtaining the formed typical fruit bodies of the varnished tinder fungus.

Information sources

1. Kuznetsov O.Yu., Smirnov S.G. A method of growing higher mushrooms, RF patent No. 2101913, 1998.

2. Stamets P. Growing gourmet and medical mushrooms. Oxford, 1993.

3. Nikitina V.E. A method of obtaining a seed mycelium of edible mushrooms: RF patent No. 22969614, 2005

4. Nikitina V.E., Tsivileva O.M. The method of growing edible mushrooms Lentinus edodes, RF patent No. 2239983, 2004.

Claims (1)

A method of growing mushrooms, including the preparation of seed mycelium by deep cultivation on a nutrient medium of the following composition: glucose 40 g / l, corn flour 20 g / l, chemically precipitated chalk 5 g / l, potassium phosphate monosubstituted 2 g / l, potassium chloride 2 g / l, magnesium sulfate 0.25 g / l, iron-ammonium alum 0.015 g / l, as an antifoam vegetable oil 1% of the volume of the finished medium, distilled water to 1 l and as an additive, yeast extract 10 g / l, oak sawdust 5 g / l, pH 6.5 and obtaining fruiting bodies by transfer of glu innogo mycelium on the substrate, characterized in that the submerged cultivation is carried out in the presence of yeast extract, oak and sawdust.