RU2411322C1 - Covered collector - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: machine building. ^ SUBSTANCE: device consists of water receiving element in form of prism. The prism is arranged in a drain trench with vertical walls. A drain pipe is laid in the trench. The prism is composed of n-amount of vertical regular prisms where nëÑ2. Also, the prisms form a single unit and are filled with dissimilar filter material. Every adjacent prisms are filled with dissimilar filter material. ^ EFFECT: increased efficiency of covered collector operation. ^ 3 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to a comprehensive reclamation of agrolandscapes of the humid zone and can be applied both in the design, construction and operation of drainage systems, as well as in the agricultural use of poorly permeable soils drained by closed collectors designed to drain surface water and gravity water from the plow layer (humus horizon) .

Known closed collector for the removal of excess surface water and water (AS USSR No. 953081, CL. EV 02/00, 1980), including a water intake element in the form of a direct prism from a filtering porous material and a combined drainage element, as well as a closed collector (A.S. USSR No. 1709011, Cl. ЕВВ 11/00, 1988), including a water intake element in the form of a rectangular parallelepiped placed in the arable and loosened subsurface layers and installed on the drainage pipe, and a drainage system (A.S. USSR No. 1413189, CL ЕВВ 11/00, 1986), including verti a fecal filter, which, in order to increase the contact area of the filter with the arable layer and with the loosened subsurface layer, is made in the form of a three-stage truncated pyramid placed in the arable and loosened subsurface layers and installed on the drainage pipe.

A known design of a closed collector - an absorption column developed by Lengiprovodkhoz (Temporary recommendations for the design and construction of closed collectors in closed depressions of the Leningrad region / SevNIIIGiM-Lengiprovodkhoz-Lenmelioreatsiya. - L .: SevNIIIGiM, 1980. - P.17, prototype), including a prism from filtering material and a drainage pipe with water inlets, wrapped with protective filtering material, while the walls of the trench along the border of the natural soil and filled into the trench are arranged as onnymi and vertical.

A common disadvantage of the known collectors for the removal of surface water and water is their lack of effectiveness due to the relatively small area of contact filtration.

It is known that in the presence of a vertical boundary between dissimilar materials due to the processes of their swelling and shrinkage (drying) along the vertical border with a change in humidity, a “breathing” crack is formed that promotes contact filtration, which is especially intense in the absence of prolonged stagnation of water over and in the backfill . With a vertical border, frost cracks form along the contact, which also leads to contact filtration. The contact filter coefficient is hundreds of times higher than in the middle of the backfill.

In the case of an inclined border between dissimilar materials (Temporary recommendations for the design and construction of closed collectors in closed depressions of the Leningrad Region / SevNIIIGiM-Lengiprovodkhoz - Lenmelioration. - L .: SevNIIIGiM, 1980. - P.17) or horizontal (A.S. USSR No. 1413189, CL Е02В 11/00, 1986) due to the action of the constant (higher located mass of soil) and variable dynamic (machines and mechanisms moving across the field) loads on the inclined and horizontal faces of the crack along the contact practically do not occur.

The problem solved by this invention is to increase the efficiency of the closed collector.

The technical result from the solution of the task is to accelerate the removal of excess surface water and gravity water of the upper water, which contributes to the intensification of agricultural development of excessively moistened lands.

The problem stated in the invention is solved in that in a closed collector including a water receiving element in the form of a prism placed in a drainage trench with vertical walls and a drain pipe laid in it, the prism is composed of the nth (n≥2) number of vertical regular prisms forming a single block and filled with filter material, differing in heterogeneity in each adjacent prism. As the filtering material, sand, slag, flax fire, wood chips, a mixture of soil taken out from a drainage trench with an arable layer soil or with thinning additives, such as sand, slag, dolomite, etc. can be used. In addition, the drainage pipe is wrapped with a protective filtering material .

The design of the claimed closed collector provides for many vertical boundaries at the contact of dissimilar materials, due to the processes of swelling and shrinkage (drying) of which along the vertical border with a change in humidity a "breathing" crack is formed, which facilitates contact filtration. Frost cracks also cause the presence of contact filtration, which is especially intense in the absence of prolonged stagnation of water above and in the backfill. The latter is ensured by the presence of a drainage pipe, the good operation of which is facilitated by the wrapping of it with protective and filtering material.

The greater the degree of heterogeneity of the materials used, the greater the difference in the values of their swelling and shrinkage, and the greater the value of contact filtration, which ensures the effective action of the closed collector.

The invention is illustrated in the drawing, which shows a closed collector.

The closed collector includes a water-receiving element in the form of a prism, placed in a drainage trench 1 with vertical walls 2 and laid in it by a drainage pipe 3, wrapped with a protective-filtering material 4. The prism is composed of the nth (n≥2) number of vertical correct prisms 5, forming a single block and filled with filter material 6, differing in heterogeneity in each adjacent prism 5. As filter material 6 can be used sand, slag, flax fire, wood chips, a mixture of soil removed from the drainage trench the soil of the arable layer or with thinning additives, such as sand, slag, dolomite, etc. The top of the prisms 5 is located either at the lower boundary of the arable layer 7 along its plow sole 8 (in the case of agricultural use of poorly permeable soils drained by closed collectors), or at the level the upper boundary 9 of the arable layer 7 (in the case of the use of poorly permeable soils drained by closed collectors for cultivated pastures or hayfields).

Closed collector works as follows.

A closed collector, the water intake element of which consists of the nth (n≥2) number of vertical regular prisms 5, forming a single block and filled with filter material 6, receives water flowing along the soil surface and coming from the arable layer 7 and its plow sole 8 , and leads it into the drainage pipe 3 through the filtering material 6 and at the contacts of dissimilar materials.

The claimed technical proposal is industrially feasible. Field experiments conducted at the experimental production sites of the Karelian and Kalinin experimental land reclamation stations showed that the filtration coefficient at the contact of the natural loamy soil and filling the drainage trench with the soil removed during its development mixed with the soil of the arable layer turned out to be two orders of magnitude higher than in the middle of the backfill.

The increased water permeability of the backfill is due to its structure. In the presence of a properly functioning drain under the backfill, it does not experience strong overmoistening and, therefore, the processes of soil soaking and spreading are not observed in it. This leads to the conservation of cracks both along the boundary and between individual clods of soil. The relatively intensive movement of air in the backfill also contributes to the preservation of cracks.

The water permeability of the backfill is greatly influenced by the state of the drainage system. When it is in a long-term backwater, the backfill filtration coefficient decreases. Prolonged waterlogging leads to a change in conditions for biological processes.

Claims (3)

1. A closed collector comprising a water receiving element in the form of a prism placed in a drainage trench with vertical walls and a drain pipe laid in it, characterized in that the prism is composed of an n-th number of vertical regular prisms, where n≥2, while the prisms form a single block and filled with dissimilar filtering material, and each adjacent prism is filled with dissimilar filtering material. 2. The closed collector according to claim 1, characterized in that sand, slag, flax fire, wood chips, a mixture of soil removed from the drainage trench with the arable layer soil or with thinning additives, such as sand, slag, dolomite, can be used as filter material and etc. 3. The closed collector according to claim 1, characterized in that the drainage pipe is wrapped in a protective filter material.

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