CN103385096B - Improved saline-alkali soil plant cropping system - Google Patents

Improved saline-alkali soil plant cropping system Download PDF

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Publication number
CN103385096B
CN103385096B CN201310272523.7A CN201310272523A CN103385096B CN 103385096 B CN103385096 B CN 103385096B CN 201310272523 A CN201310272523 A CN 201310272523A CN 103385096 B CN103385096 B CN 103385096B
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layer
ditch
soil layer
water
saline land
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CN103385096A (en
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秦升益
刘春雨
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Beijing Rechsand Science and Technology Group Co Ltd
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Beijing Rechsand Science and Technology Group Co Ltd
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Abstract

The invention discloses an improved saline-alkali soil plant cropping system, comprising a cropping ditch arranged in saline-alkali soil, wherein the cropping ditch is internally filled with a ventilation impermeable layer, a covering layer, a leveling layer, a protective layer and a cropping soil layer from bottom to top, the side wall of the cropping ditch is a waterproof side wall, the cropping ditch is internally provided with a plurality of water-collecting wells at intervals along the length direction of the cropping ditch, each water-collecting well is provided with a permeable well wall made of a permeable material, the bottom of each water-collecting well is positioned in the cropping soil layer, and further at least the partial bottom, contacted with the protective layer, of the cropping soil layer forms an included angle with the horizontal plane. According to the improved saline-alkali soil plant cropping system, water in the cropping soil layer flows into the water-collecting wells along the gradient; when rainfall is abundant, the water in the water-collecting wells is pumped from a pump and is discharged outside the cropping ditch, so that the condition that the roots of plants are rotted due to the fact that the water in the cropping soil layer is excessive is avoided; and when the rainfall is less, the water in the water-collecting wells is slowly permeated into the cropping soil layer, so that water required by growth of the plants is supplemented.

Description

A kind of saline land plant planting system of improvement
Technical field
The present invention relates to a kind of plant planting system, specifically, relate to a kind of implant system being suitable for plant growth in saline land.
Background technology
Saline land refers to that soil contains the soil of excess soluble salt, the reason of saline Land is because soil and groundwater saliferous is too high, under strong surface evaporation effect, underground shallow layer water is transported to earth's surface through capillary and is evaporated, capillary is in the process of earth's surface water delivery, also the salinity in water is taken to earth's surface, after water is evaporated, soil salt is risen by capillarity and accumulates in upper soll layer, salinity has just been stayed in earth's surface and ground thin solum, the salinity of such accumulation is many, there is no again enough fresh water dilutions and drained, just define the salinization of soil.Saline and alkaline more than 0.3%, the saline land of less than 0.8% because salt content is large or idle, or utilized reluctantly, utilized reluctantly, its output is also very low, and economic benefit is bad.
At present, salt discharge method and pressure salt method are generally comprised to the processing method in saline land both at home and abroad, but they all also exist many weak points, salt discharge method by using a large amount of fresh water to rinse for a long time saline land, the salt content on surface, saline land is reduced, pressure salt method utilizes natural precipitation or artificial flood to irrigate, impel the infiltration downwards such as the saline and alkaline hole along soil of part, crack, by the salinity of topsoil with water-band to bottom.Although said method can make the salt content on top layer, saline land reduce, it is permanent to keep, and needs a large amount of water sources.
For this reason, Chinese patent literature CN102232328A discloses and a kind ofly improves the method in saline land and the implantation methods in saline land, saline and alkaline topsoil is got rid of by the method, the saline land eliminating topsoil arranges gas permeability antiseepage aggregate layer, described gas permeability antiseepage aggregate layer arranges plantation soil layer, then planting plants on kind of fill stratum.This gas permeability antiseepage aggregate layer effectively prevent Underground Salt buck on alter, but also inhibits in plantation soil layer simultaneously and ooze under moisture content, rainy season a large amount of rainwater savings in plantation soil layer, easily cause the root system of plant to rot, affect the generation of plant.
Summary of the invention
For solving in prior art, when rainfall is abundant, the water of planting in soil layer cannot ooze down, causes the technical problem that root system of plant rots, thus provides a kind of plant planting system being suitable for saline land plant long term growth.
For this reason, the technical scheme that the present invention takes is:
A kind of saline land plant planting system, comprise the plantation ditch be arranged in saline land, the inside of described plantation ditch is filled with ventilation anti-seepage layer, protective layer, screed-coat, overcoat and plantation soil layer from bottom to top, and wherein, the sidewall of described plantation ditch is waterproof sidewall; Be arranged at intervals with some sumps along its length in described plantation ditch, described sump has the permeable borehole wall be made up of seepy material, and the bottom of described sump is positioned at described plantation soil layer.
In the plant planting system of above-mentioned saline land, at least part of bottom surface that described plantation soil layer contacts with described overcoat and horizontal plane shape have angle.
In the plant planting system of above-mentioned saline land, at least part of bottom surface that described plantation soil layer contacts with described overcoat is obliquely installed along the width of described plantation ditch, and has angle with horizontal plane shape.
In the plant planting system of above-mentioned saline land, in described plantation ditch, described plantation soil layer one end that physical features is low is in its width direction provided with described sump.
In the plant planting system of above-mentioned saline land, at least part of bottom surface that described plantation soil layer contacts with described overcoat is obliquely installed along the length direction of described plantation ditch, and has angle with horizontal plane shape.
In the plant planting system of above-mentioned saline land, the bottom surface of described plantation ditch, described ventilation anti-seepage layer, described protective layer, screed-coat and/or overcoat are parallel to the bottom surface that described plantation soil layer contacts with described overcoat.
In the plant planting system of above-mentioned saline land, described overcoat is permeable brick layer.
In the plant planting system of above-mentioned saline land, described water-permeable brick is provided with the first protuberance and the second protuberance, described first protuberance and described second protuberance form connected structure.
In the plant planting system of above-mentioned saline land, described protective layer is nonwoven layer, and described screed-coat is fine earth and/or sand layer.
In the plant planting system of above-mentioned saline land, described ventilation anti-seepage layer is ventilation anti-seepage sand bed.
In the plant planting system of above-mentioned saline land, described plantation soil layer is soil moved in improve the original layer or saline and alkaline soil layer.
In the plant planting system of above-mentioned saline land, the upper surface of described plantation soil layer is not less than the ground surface in described saline land, and the upper surface of plantation soil layer described herein is the surface that plantation soil layer contacts with ambient atmosphere.
In above-mentioned saline land plant planting system, described seepy material is the material with micropore bondd by aggregate and hydrophilic aggregates binding agent, described aggregate is quartz sand, silica sand, precoated sand, haydite etc., the agent of described hydrophily knot knot is one or more in epoxy resin, polyurethane and acrylate, and the mass ratio of described aggregate and hydrophilic aggregates binding agent is 100:(1-15).
Compared with prior art, tool of the present invention has the following advantages:
(1) in the plant planting system of saline land of the present invention, be arranged at intervals with some sumps along its length in described plantation ditch, described sump has the permeable borehole wall be made up of seepy material, and the bottom of described sump is positioned at described plantation soil layer.In season with heavy rainfall, water in sump is extracted out by pump and is discharged into outside plantation ditch, decrease the moisture content accumulated in plantation ditch, prevent rotten of plant during plantation soil layer hypervolia, and may be used for irrigating other plant, when rainfall is less, the water in sump slowly infiltrates plantation soil layer, supplements the moisture needed for plant growth.
(2), in the plant planting system of saline land of the present invention, at least part of bottom surface that plantation soil layer contacts with overcoat and horizontal plane shape have angle.Thus make the moisture in plantation soil layer along slope current in the sump be made up of seepy material, be beneficial to the collection of moisture content in plantation ditch.
(3) saline land of the present invention plant planting system also includes overcoat, described overcoat can stop the root system of plant in plantation soil layer to destroy ventilation anti-seepage layer to downward-extension, thus avoids ventilation anti-seepage layer and destroyed by the root system of plant and then lose anti-seepage effect.
(4) in the plant planting system of saline land of the present invention, the quality that described permeable brick layer is hard not only can stop the root system of plant in plantation soil layer to destroy ventilation anti-seepage layer to downward-extension, the water oozed under a part plants soil layer by upper strata can also be conserved in water-permeable brick, when outside drought, the water of water-permeable brick is used for supply root system of plant, meets the moisture needed for plant growth.
(5) in the plant planting system of saline land of the present invention, water-permeable brick is arranged the first protuberance and the second protuberance, and the first protuberance and the second protuberance form connected structure, when laying permeable brick layer, first protuberance and the mutual grafting of the second protuberance of adjacent water-permeable brick stack, and then make the seam between water-permeable brick be curved shape, prevent further root system of plant to downward-extension.
(6) saline land of the present invention plant planting system is also provided with protective layer and screed-coat, protective layer is out of shape by the rain-impact infiltrated by upper strata when a large amount of rainfall for the protection of bottom ventilation anti-seepage layer, and avoid when laying direct laying other layer on ventilation anti-seepage layer, to the destruction that ventilation anti-seepage layer surface is caused in work progress; Described screed-coat is fine earth layer, sand layer or the layer that is mixed to form by fine earth and sand, levelling effect is played in one of its effect, prepare for laying permeable brick layer, a small amount of moisture content can also be stored in addition, when outside drought, water in reservoir bed upwards evaporative fill, to root system of plant, meets the moisture needed for plant growth.
(7) plant soil layer in the plant planting system of saline land of the present invention and can lay soil moved in improve the original layer according to actual conditions, also saline and alkaline soil layer can be laid in, due to ventilation anti-seepage layer effectively prevent Underground Salt buck on alter, when plantation soil layer is saline and alkaline soil layer, on it, salt plant is inhaled in plantation, thus realizes the improvement to saline-alkali soil, and the expense that minimizing soil moved in improve the original brings, reduce the waste of soil resource, cost is reduced; But directly lay soil moved in improve the original layer, just can see planting effect then, as flower growth is good, economic crops obtain income etc.
(8) length and width of implant system of the present invention can be determined according to actual conditions, do not have the restriction of too many factor own, flexibly simple to operate; The ventilation anti-seepage layer laid is not destroyed, and can intercept saline and alkaline for a long time.
Accompanying drawing explanation
In order to make content of the present invention be more likely to be clearly understood, below according to a particular embodiment of the invention and by reference to the accompanying drawings, the present invention is further detailed explanation, wherein
Fig. 1 is the vertical view of a kind of saline land of the present invention plant planting system;
Fig. 2 is a kind of generalized section perpendicular to its length direction of planting ditch in the plant planting system of saline land;
Fig. 3 is the vertical view of a kind of water-permeable brick in the plant planting system of saline land;
Fig. 4 is the front view of water-permeable brick described in Fig. 3;
Fig. 5 is wherein a kind of generalized section perpendicular to its length direction of planting ditch in the plant planting system of saline land;
Fig. 6 is wherein a kind of generalized section perpendicular to its length direction of planting ditch in the plant planting system of saline land;
Fig. 7 is wherein a kind of generalized section perpendicular to its length direction of planting ditch in the plant planting system of saline land;
Fig. 8 is wherein a kind of generalized section along its length of planting ditch in the plant planting system of saline land.
Wherein, Reference numeral is expressed as:
1-ventilation anti-seepage layer, 2-protective layer, 3-screed-coat, 4-overcoat, 5-kind plants soil layer, and 6-kind plants ditch, 7-sidewall, 8-water-permeable brick, 81-first protuberance, 82-second protuberance, 9-sump, 10-saline land ground surface.
Embodiment
Embodiment 1
As shown in Figure 1, saline land of the present invention plant planting system, comprise 6 plantation ditches 6 of the interval 1m be set in parallel in saline land, the sidewall 7 of described plantation ditch 6 is waterproof sidewall, described waterproof sidewall after excavating plantation ditch 6, attaches Polypropylence Sheet on its sidewall formed, and infiltrates plantation ditch 6 to prevent the saline-alkali water of planting ditch 6 outside by its sidewall 7.Be arranged at intervals with 3 sumps 9 in described plantation ditch 6 along its length, the borehole wall of described sump 9 makes the permeable borehole wall by seepy material, and the bottom of described sump 9 is positioned at described plantation soil layer 5; To be that the present invention is a kind of plant the generalized section of ditch perpendicular to its length direction to Fig. 2; as shown in Figure 2; the inside of described plantation ditch 6 is filled with the thick overcoat 4 of the thick ventilation anti-seepage layer 1 of 1cm, protective layer 2 that 0.5cm is thick, screed-coat 3 that 10cm is thick, 8cm and plantation soil layer 5 that at least 60cm is thick from bottom to top, the upper surface 5cm higher than the ground surface 10 in described saline land of described plantation soil layer 5.And the bottom surface that contacts with described overcoat 4 of described plantation soil layer 5 is obliquely installed along the width of described plantation ditch 6; and form the angle of 15 DEG C with horizontal plane; described sump 9 is arranged on the low one end of described plantation soil layer 5 physical features in its width direction, and the bottom surface of described plantation ditch 6, described ventilation anti-seepage layer 1, described protective layer 2, screed-coat 3 and overcoat 4 are all parallel to the bottom surface that described plantation soil layer 5 contacts with described overcoat.
In the present embodiment, when excavating described plantation ditch 6, the bottom surface of plantation ditch 6 is obliquely installed along its width, and form the angle of 15 DEG C with horizontal plane, then above plantation ditch bottom surface, described ventilation anti-seepage layer 1 is laid successively, described protective layer 2, screed-coat 3 and overcoat 4, and ensure described ventilation anti-seepage layer 1, described protective layer 2, screed-coat 3 and overcoat 4 are parallel to described plantation ditch bottom surface, and then guarantee when the plantation soil layer 5 laid, its bottom surface is the bottom surface tilted, thus make the bottom surface of described plantation ditch 6, described ventilation anti-seepage layer 1, described protective layer 2, screed-coat 3 and overcoat 4 are all parallel to the bottom surface that described plantation soil layer 5 contacts with described overcoat.
In the present embodiment, described overcoat 4 is the permeable brick layer of being laid by water-permeable brick, and described permeable brick layer quality is hard has prevention root system of plant to downward-extension.Described protective layer 2 is lay by non-woven fabrics the nonwoven layer formed; described screed-coat 3 is the sand layer laid by sand; described screed-coat 3 is except playing levelling effect; the moisture content infiltrated by permeable brick layer can also be stored; when outside is dry; moisture content in screed-coat 3 upwards evaporates, and supplements the moisture content needed for plant growth.In other embodiments, described screed-coat 3 can be the fine earth layer be paved into by fine earth, or lays by the mixture of fine earth and sand the mixed layer formed.Described ventilation anti-seepage layer 1 is lay by ventilation anti-seepage sand the ventilation anti-seepage sand bed that formed, in order to stop Underground Salt buck on alter and the exosmosing of the moisture content of upper strata storage.Described plantation soil layer 5 lays by soil moved in improve the original the soil moved in improve the original layer formed.
Grow downwards for preventing the root system of the plant planted in soil moved in improve the original layer, destroy ventilation anti-seepage layer 1, the water-permeable brick 8 adopted in the present embodiment is provided with the first protuberance 81 and the second protuberance 82, described first protuberance 81 and described second protuberance 82 form connected structure (as shown in Figures 3 and 4), when laying permeable brick layer, first protuberance and the mutual grafting of the second protuberance of adjacent water-permeable brick stack, seam between in the vertical direction water-permeable brick is curved shape, and then make the gap that there will not be direct through plantation soil layer and screed-coat between water-permeable brick, root system of plant is prevented to grow the situation of extension downwards along the seam between water-permeable brick further.
Embodiment 2
As shown in Figure 5, the structure of planting ditch described in the present embodiment is substantially identical with the structure of planting ditch in embodiment 1, its difference is only, the bottom surface of described plantation ditch 6, described ventilation anti-seepage layer 1 and described protective layer 2 are all parallel to horizontal plane, the mode that described screed-coat 3 successively decreases along its width gradually with thickness is laid, the surface that described screed-coat 3 is contacted with described overcoat 4 is obliquely installed, described overcoat 5 is along described surface (surface that described screed-coat 3 contacts with described overcoat 4) parallel laid, and then make described plantation soil layer 5 have the bottom surface of inclination.
Embodiment 3
As shown in Figure 6; the structure of planting ditch described in the present embodiment is substantially identical with the structure of planting ditch in embodiment 1; its difference is only; described plantation soil layer 5 is arranged to the bottom surface of portions incline; described ventilation anti-seepage layer 1, described protective layer 2, described screed-coat 3, described overcoat 4 are parallel to along plantation ditch width the sidewall that horizontal plane extends to plantation ditch in one end that each layer physical features is low; thus each layer is divided into rake and horizontal part, described sump 9 is positioned at the top of the horizontal part of described overcoat 4.
Embodiment 4
As shown in Figure 7; the structure of planting ditch described in the present embodiment is substantially identical with the structure of planting ditch in embodiment 1; its difference is only; on the width of described plantation ditch; the bottom surface of described plantation soil layer 5 is V-shaped; described ventilation anti-seepage layer 1, described protective layer 2, described screed-coat 3, described overcoat 4 are V-shaped, and described sump 9 is arranged on along the minimum one end of physical features on the width of described plantation ditch.
Embodiment 5
As shown in Figure 8, the structure of planting ditch described in the present embodiment is substantially identical with the structure of planting ditch in embodiment 1, its difference is only, plant bottom surface that soil layer 5 contacts with described overcoat 4 described in the present embodiment to be obliquely installed along the length direction of described plantation ditch 6, and form one 15 DEG C of angles with horizontal plane.When excavating described plantation ditch 6, the bottom surface of plantation ditch 6 is obliquely installed along its length, and form the angle of 15 DEG C with horizontal plane, then above plantation ditch bottom surface, described ventilation anti-seepage layer 1 is laid successively, described protective layer 2, screed-coat 3 and overcoat 4, and ensure described ventilation anti-seepage layer 1, described protective layer 2, screed-coat 3 and overcoat 4 are parallel to described plantation ditch bottom surface, and then guarantee when the plantation soil layer 5 laid, its bottom surface is the bottom surface tilted along described plantation ditch length direction, thus make the bottom surface of described plantation ditch 6, described ventilation anti-seepage layer 1, described protective layer 2, screed-coat 3 and overcoat 4 are all parallel to the bottom surface that described plantation soil layer 5 contacts with described overcoat.
It should be noted that, described plantation soil layer 5 can be soil moved in improve the original layer according to the concrete condition of locality, also can be saline and alkaline soil layer, and when plantation soil layer is saline and alkaline soil layer, on it, salt plant is inhaled in plantation, when plantation soil layer is soil moved in improve the original layer, it can plant each Plants.In other embodiments, described plantation ditch can be set to 5, article 8, any bar such as grade, the size in its quantity basis saline land and determining, described sump can arrange 2, 5, 6 or more, plant the length of ditch described in its concrete quantity basis and determine, soil between adjacent plantation ditch is to play supporting function, therefore, spacing between plantation ditch is preferably not less than for 0.5m, the width of described plantation ditch, the degree of depth, the thickness of each layer in described plantation ditch, the angles of described plantation soil layer inclined bottom surface etc. can be arranged according to the environment of locality or the requirement that specifically will reach, fixing size need not be sticked to, as long as can requirement be reached.Accompanying drawing of the present invention is schematic diagram, does not represent actual size and actual proportionate relationship.
Obviously, above-described embodiment is only for clearly example being described, and the restriction not to embodiment.For those of ordinary skill in the field, can also make other changes in different forms on the basis of the above description.Here exhaustive without the need to also giving all embodiments.And thus the apparent change of extending out or variation be still among the protection domain of the invention.

Claims (1)

1. a saline land plant planting system; comprise the plantation ditch (6) be arranged in saline land; the inside of described plantation ditch (6) is filled with ventilation anti-seepage layer (1), protective layer (2), screed-coat (3), overcoat (4) and plantation soil layer (5) from bottom to top, it is characterized in that
The sidewall (7) of described plantation ditch (6) is waterproof sidewall;
Be arranged at intervals with some sumps (9) in described plantation ditch along its length, described sump has the permeable borehole wall be made up of seepy material, and the bottom of described sump (9) is positioned at described plantation soil layer (5);
Described overcoat (4) is permeable brick layer, described water-permeable brick is provided with the first protuberance (81) and the second protuberance (82), and described first protuberance (81) and described second protuberance (82) form connected structure.
2. saline land according to claim 1 plant planting system, is characterized in that, at least part of bottom surface that described plantation soil layer (5) contacts with described overcoat (4) and horizontal plane shape have angle.
3. saline land according to claim 2 plant planting system, it is characterized in that, at least part of bottom surface that described plantation soil layer (5) contacts with described overcoat (4) is obliquely installed along the width of described plantation ditch (6), and has angle with horizontal plane shape.
4. saline land according to claim 3 plant planting system, is characterized in that, in described plantation ditch (6), described plantation soil layer (5) one end that physical features is low is in its width direction provided with described sump (9).
5. saline land according to claim 2 plant planting system, it is characterized in that, at least part of bottom surface that described plantation soil layer (5) contacts with described overcoat (4) is obliquely installed along the length direction of described plantation ditch (6), and has angle with horizontal plane shape.
6., according to the arbitrary described saline land plant planting system of claim 1-5, it is characterized in that,
The bottom surface of described plantation ditch (6), described ventilation anti-seepage layer (1), described protective layer (2), screed-coat (3) and/or overcoat (4) are parallel to the bottom surface that described plantation soil layer (5) contacts with described overcoat.
7. saline land according to claim 6 plant planting system, is characterized in that, described protective layer (2) is nonwoven layer, and described screed-coat (3) is fine earth and/or sand layer.
8. saline land according to claim 7 plant planting system, is characterized in that,
Described ventilation anti-seepage layer (1) is ventilation anti-seepage sand bed.
9, saline land according to claim 8 plant planting system, is characterized in that, described plantation soil layer (5) is soil moved in improve the original layer or saline and alkaline soil layer.
10, according to the arbitrary described saline land plant planting system of claim 7-9, it is characterized in that, the upper surface of described plantation soil layer (5) is not less than the ground surface (10) in described saline land.
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CN103999708A (en) * 2014-06-07 2014-08-27 安徽省农业科学院园艺研究所 Arched cultivation pool capable of preventing accumulation of salt in surface soil
CN107155745A (en) * 2017-04-14 2017-09-15 广西大学 Administer the method and tunnel cultivation rack for plant of vehicle exhaust in long-highway-tunnel
CN107343449A (en) * 2017-08-11 2017-11-14 广西鑫雅皇庭园林工程有限责任公司 One kind prevention waterlogging flowers and trees implant bed
CN117770095A (en) * 2024-02-27 2024-03-29 同济大学 Breathable impermeable blanket with multilayer structure and preparation method and application thereof

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CN101283656A (en) * 2008-06-11 2008-10-15 沧州市农林科学院 Shallow water level double salt-affected soil raw soil planting and greening method
CN201486058U (en) * 2009-05-21 2010-05-26 叶香竹 Planted roof
CN201830631U (en) * 2010-09-07 2011-05-18 深圳市文科园艺实业有限公司 Greening and desalting system for saline-alkali soil
CN202183982U (en) * 2011-06-16 2012-04-11 天津市环境保护科学研究院 Stereoscopic greening device for isolating and pressing salt for saline and alkali lands
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CN202496187U (en) * 2012-03-01 2012-10-24 天津创世生态景观建设股份有限公司 Severe saline -alkali area green plant-planting soil layer salt drainage system
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