CN110016886B - Riverway near natural ecological embankment - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a riverway near-natural ecological embankment, which takes a riverway side slope soil layer as a foundation, wherein the riverway side slope soil layer is shaped into a side slope soil base layer which is used as the foundation, the side slope soil base layer comprises an inclined plane, a bottom vertical surface and an upper plane, the inclined plane and the bottom vertical surface extend along the riverway direction, and geomembranes are paved on the upper plane, the inclined plane and the bottom vertical surface of the side slope soil base layer. According to the invention, the fiber layer penetrating up and down and the gravel material percolation layer penetrating up and down are additionally arranged at the bottom of the surface soil layer, collected rainwater is collected into the water accumulation area at the bottom by utilizing the gravel material percolation layer in a percolation manner so as to be beneficial to water storage, and the bank can collect enough rainwater resources to store in rainy season. Under the regulation that ensures that there is sufficient water resource in river course bank protection bottom, can realize the natural ecology transformation purpose smoothly.

Description

Riverway near natural ecological embankment

Technical Field

The invention belongs to the technical field of river ecological construction, and particularly relates to a dike dam which is suitable for ecological reconstruction by carrying out level reconstruction on a river dike dam and facilitating water storage and water lifting functions.

Background

Traditional river course bank protection technique mainly adopts grout rubble bank protection and hole type bank protection, and these have all completely cut off original ecological environment, have deviated from ecological natural law, are unfavorable for the ecological remediation in river course. In order to meet the requirement of urban development, the land utilization mode is changed by high-strength human activities, a certain proportion of soft water-permeable underlying surfaces are covered by the water-impermeable surfaces, the runoff of rainwater is increased, rainwater resources are seriously lost, so that the water shortage in the areas is serious, and the ecological construction is not facilitated. On the other hand, the traditional urban drainage system design takes the rainwater to be removed as soon as possible as a basic starting point, and the design mode has many defects and cannot realize the reasonable utilization of rainwater flood resources. Moreover, rainwater runoff in most cities in China is seriously polluted, and surface runoff is directly discharged into a receiving water body through a bank drainage outlet of a city river channel, so that the rainwater runoff becomes an important factor for water quality deterioration of the city river channel. As an important component of cities, city river water bodies have great influence on life and production of urban residents. Most of the current urban river water bodies are polluted in different degrees, so that the urban ecological environment construction is harder. Furthermore, the river course bank protection all adopts and to grout rubble bank protection at present and be unfavorable for the rainwater to keep, however carries out the river course bank protection afforestation simply and also is not fit for the water resource and keeps for a long time, lacks sufficient irrigation condition again, causes bank protection degradation and ecological destruction problem easily, and then causes the bank protection soil erosion and water loss and influences the bank protection stability problem and appears.

Disclosure of Invention

Aiming at the problems that the conventional river channel revetment is not suitable for greening due to poor water-containing capacity of the side slope and the river channel ecology is not facilitated by adopting simple stone grout tiles for revetment, the invention provides the river channel revetment which has the functions of fully containing water and utilizing rain and flood resources by reforming the base layer of the river channel revetment, thereby achieving the purpose of near-natural ecological construction of the river channel.

The invention is realized by the following technical scheme: a riverway near-natural ecological embankment is characterized in that a riverway side slope soil layer is used as a foundation to be shaped into a side slope soil base layer, the side slope soil base layer comprises an inclined plane, a bottom vertical face and an upper plane, the inclined plane and the bottom vertical face extend along the riverway direction, and geomembranes are laid on the upper plane, the inclined plane and the bottom vertical face of the side slope soil base layer.

A concrete frame body is horizontally laid in the outer area of the geomembrane of the vertical surface of the bottom, a plurality of concrete vertical plate supports are arranged at the bottom of the concrete frame body, through holes are respectively arranged on each concrete vertical plate, densely distributed hole rows are arranged on the surface of the concrete frame body, and the space in the concrete frame body is used as a water accumulation area and mainly used for collecting rainwater resources.

Gravel material infiltration layers are laid on the upper side of the concrete frame body and the upper sides of the inclined plane geomembrane and the upper plane geomembrane to form an inclined plane shape along a river channel. The fiber layer is laid on the upper side of the gravel material percolation layer, and the shape of an inclined plane along the river channel is also formed. And the bottom fiber layer is positioned at the side part or the inner part of the concrete frame body and wades water to serve as a wading fiber layer. And paving surface soil layers on the upper sides of the fiber layers to form an inclined plane shape along the river channel. The surface soil layer is planted with herbaceous plants or trees to form a greening area.

The two sides of the river bed subbase are connected with slope protection bricks, at least partial region of the slope protection bricks is provided with protection brick through holes, the wading fiber layer is positioned in the protection brick through holes or led out from the protection brick through holes, and the ground wells distributed on the top of the ecological embankment are drained into the gravel material infiltration layer through pipelines.

Furthermore, a hollow brick surface layer is laid on the upper side of the surface soil layer, herbaceous vegetation is planted in the gap of the hollow brick surface layer to form a greening layer, and trees are planted in the annular area of the hollow brick surface layer to form a greening forest area.

A plurality of concrete slab supporting plate groups are laid at intervals in the top area of the gravel material percolation layer to form a buffer water accumulation pool, the ground well is drained to the buffer water accumulation pool through a pipeline, one side of the gravel material percolation layer is located in the buffer water accumulation pool, and the surface of the gravel material percolation layer is compressed and fixed by a fixing net. The slab supporting plate group comprises an upper slab supporting plate and a lower slab supporting plate, the upper slab supporting plate and the lower slab supporting plate are supported and fixed through concrete columns, and a buffer water accumulation pool is formed in the area between the upper slab supporting plate and the lower slab supporting plate.

And step buffer pools are arranged in the middle of the inclined plane of the ecological embankment along the river course, each step buffer pool comprises an upper side wall and a lower side wall, the adjacent step buffer pools share one side wall, the bottoms of the side walls comprise concrete plate perforations, so that the bottoms of the adjacent step buffer pools are communicated with each other, a surface soil layer, a fiber layer and a gravel material percolation layer are sequentially arranged in each step buffer pool from top to bottom, and at least the fiber layer and the gravel material percolation layer are vertically penetrated through the concrete plate perforations.

The invention has the beneficial effects that: according to the invention, the fiber layer penetrating up and down and the gravel material percolation layer penetrating up and down are additionally arranged at the bottom of the surface soil layer, collected rainwater is collected into the water accumulation area at the bottom by utilizing the gravel material percolation layer in a percolation manner so as to be beneficial to water storage, and the bank can collect enough rainwater resources to store in rainy season. The fiber layer has strong water-containing function, can absorb water and provide water supply for the surface vegetation for continuous growth, and contains mainly fluorine-containing fiber, some heteroaromatic fiber and inorganic fiber. The fibrous layer can pass through capillary line absorption promotion with the ponding of bottom to can last the vegetation for the bank protection top layer in dry season and last the moisturizing. Thereby achieving the effect of balancing the water resources in rainy season and dry season and evenly distributing the water in rainy season and dry season to the vegetation layer as much as possible. In the process of downward percolation of redundant rainwater along the gravel material percolation layer in rainy season, the fiber layer is positioned on the upper side of the gravel material percolation layer, so that the fiber layer can directly absorb sufficient moisture. Under the regulation that ensures that there is sufficient water resource in river course bank protection bottom, can realize the natural ecology transformation purpose smoothly.

According to the invention, after the wading fiber layer at the bottom is contacted with river water, the river water can be upwards drained to vegetation on the surface layer of the revetment through the fiber layer at any time for continuous water replenishing. Meanwhile, aquatic animals in the riverway can enter the fiber layer and the water accumulation area by means of the through holes of the slope protection building, a special living space is provided for the aquatic animals, and the effects of animal and plant coordinated development and gradual river channel ecology modification are achieved.

The invention purifies the pollution of the runoff of the rainwater by the root system of the plant through the filtering and absorbing action of the gravel layer and the fiber layer, and improves the runoff water quality in the river. Wherein, most suspended particle pollutants and partial dissolved pollutants in the rainwater runoff can be effectively removed, and partial heavy metal ions, pathogens and the like can also be removed.

The invention comprehensively applies the ecological principle and combines the application of the step buffer pool, can be butted with the tail end of the urban rainwater pipe network, has good purification effect and landscape effect, realizes an ecological multi-dimensional detention system, and directly reduces the risk of flowing into a river.

Drawings

Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view of a river bank of the present invention.

Fig. 2 is an enlarged schematic view of a portion a of fig. 1.

Fig. 3 is an enlarged schematic view of part B of fig. 1.

Fig. 4 is a schematic view of the cross-sectional structure C-C of fig. 1.

Fig. 5 is a schematic front view of the cell wall of fig. 2.

Fig. 6 is a schematic perspective view of the concrete frame in fig. 1.

Reference numbers in the figures: the soil-permeable slope vegetation greening layer comprises a slope soil base layer 1, a riverbed subbase 2, a slope protection step 3, a concrete slab supporting plate 4, a buffer water-retaining basin 5, a geomembrane 6, concrete stand columns 7, a fixing net 8, a pipeline 9, a ground well 10, a gravel material infiltration layer 11, a concrete frame 12, through holes 13, hole rows 14, an upper fiber layer 15, a wadding fiber layer 16, a surface soil layer 17, a hollow brick surface layer 18, a grass vegetation greening layer 19, drought-resistant tree species 20, moisture-resistant tree species 21, a trapezoidal area greening belt 22, a step buffer pool 23, a berm 24, a protection perforated hole 25, a concrete slab perforated hole 26 and a concrete vertical plate 27.

Detailed Description

In the embodiment, the river bank is transformed into a near-natural ecological bank, and the slope soil base layer is formed by finishing the side slope soil layer of the river as a foundation according to the construction sequence, and is finished to be in an approximately trapezoidal structure, as shown in fig. 1, the side slope soil base layer 1 includes an inclined plane and a bottom vertical plane along the river, and an upper plane. Meanwhile, the geomembrane 6 is laid on the upper plane, the inclined plane and the bottom vertical surface of the slope soil base layer, and the slope soil base layer is isolated by the geomembrane, so that the stability of the slope soil base layer structure is ensured.

A concrete frame body 12 is horizontally laid in the outer area of the geomembrane of the vertical surface of the bottom, as shown in fig. 6, the bottom of the concrete frame body is supported by a plurality of concrete vertical plates, through holes 13 are respectively arranged on each concrete vertical plate, densely distributed hole rows 14 are arranged on the surface of the concrete frame body (panel), and the space in the concrete frame body is used as a water accumulation area. Gravel material percolation layers 11 are laid on the upper side or the periphery of the concrete frame body, and the gravel material percolation layers can be directly laid on the hole rows or laid after the support net sheets are laid. Meanwhile, gravel material infiltration layers are laid on the upper sides of the inclined geomembrane and the upper plane geomembrane to form an inclined plane shape along the river channel.

The fiber layer 15 is laid on the upper side of the gravel material percolation layer, and the shape of an inclined plane along the river channel is also formed. The fiber layer component mainly contains fluorine-containing fiber, and also contains some aromatic heterocyclic fiber and inorganic fiber. As shown in fig. 1, the bottom fiber layer has a thickness larger than that of the upper fiber layer, is positioned at the side part or the inner part of the concrete frame body and wades water, and is used as a wading fiber layer, and a surface soil layer is paved on the upper side of each fiber layer to form an inclined plane shape along the river channel.

So as to form a slope hierarchical structure shown in figure 3 after a multilayer structure is laid on the slope soil base layer. The surface soil layer is planted with herbaceous plants or trees to form a greening area. The function of water supply can be balanced up and down by utilizing the water permeable function of the fiber layer. When rainy season, get into bank protection gravel layer below through rainwater collection pipeline, go into in the fibre layer after prefiltering through the gravel layer. Ponding can run through the inclined plane region and the multistage ecological purification detention pond inside of bank protection downwards along with the fibrous layer, and only unnecessary and the rainwater that is purified passes through the fibrous layer and gets into the river course, so, can utilize the detention space to provide temporary storage to the rainwater and slow down the pollution load that the rainwater runoff was directly discharged and is taken in the water. When in dry seasons, the siphonage of the whole fiber layer is utilized, the bottom layer of the fiber layer can adsorb river water and lift the river water to the whole slope protection green belt, and therefore the purpose that the vegetation for protecting the slope is moistened and the requirement for drainage and purification is met is achieved. Therefore, the ecological slope protection can realize the effect of exchanging accumulated water in rainy seasons and dry seasons, so that the service life of the slope protection is prolonged. Moreover, the invention is fully combined with the riverway bank, has good landscape effect and fully embodies the ecological construction concept.

Example 2: in addition to the embodiment 1, the embodiment is also provided with slope protection bricks 3 connected to two sides of the riverbed bottom, and at least partial areas of the slope protection bricks are provided with protection brick through holes. The wading fiber layer is positioned in the protection and building perforation or led out from the protection and building perforation, and the ground wells distributed on the top of the ecological embankment are led into the gravel material infiltration layer through pipelines. After wading the fibrous layer and the river course water contact of bottom, can pass through the fibrous layer with the river water and upwards drain to the vegetation on bank protection top layer at any moment and last the moisturizing. Meanwhile, aquatic animals in the riverway can enter the fiber layer and the water accumulation area by means of the through holes of the slope protection building, a special living space is provided for the aquatic animals, and the effects of animal and plant coordinated development and gradual river channel ecology modification are achieved.

This embodiment guarantees that the river bank is stable on the basis of satisfying flood carrying drainage requirement, prevents soil erosion and water loss. It is an open equilibrium system, which continuously exchanges materials with the surrounding ecosystem. The system is a power type system, water flow has a scouring effect on the bank side, the bank side has a detention effect on the water flow, and a bank side ecological system is a medium for exchanging surface water and underground water.

Example 3: on the basis of embodiment 1, the hollow brick surface course 18 is laid on the upper side of the surface soil course, the greening layer 19 is formed by planting herbaceous vegetation in the gap of the hollow brick surface course, and the greening forest region is formed by planting trees in the annular region of the hollow brick surface course.

Example 4: on the basis of the embodiment 1, a plurality of concrete plate supporting plate groups are laid at intervals on the top area of the gravel infiltration layer to form a buffer impoundment pool 5, as shown in figure 4, a ground well is guided to the buffer impoundment pool through a pipeline, one side of the gravel infiltration layer is positioned in the buffer impoundment pool, and the surface of the gravel infiltration layer is tightly pressed and fixed by a fixing net. The buffer ponding pond can temporarily store more rainwater, and is suitable for storing rainwater when rainfall is large in rainy season.

Example 5: on the basis of embodiment 1, a step buffer pool 23 is arranged in the middle of the inclined plane of the ecological embankment along the river course, as shown in fig. 2, the step buffer pool comprises an upper side wall and a lower side wall, one side wall is commonly used for adjacent step buffer pools, the bottom of each side wall comprises a concrete plate perforation 26 as shown in fig. 5, so that the bottoms of the adjacent step buffer pools are communicated with each other, a surface soil layer, a fiber layer and a gravel material percolation layer are sequentially arranged in each step buffer pool from top to bottom, wherein at least the fiber layer and the gravel material percolation layer are vertically penetrated through the concrete plate perforation. Utilize the step buffer pool can improve the bank protection stability to and the effect of reasonable runoff when rainfall is great, can filter moreover and adsorb the superficial thing that sinks that erodees, prevent that it from going into the river course. The embodiment can further improve the rainwater runoff quality of water and realize urban rainfall flood management, and the step buffer pool has an important function. The step buffer pool mainly purifies the rainwater through the filtering and adsorption action of the filler and the absorption action of the plant root system, and the rainwater can be temporarily stored and then slowly permeates into the surrounding soil, so that the peak flow of the rainwater on the earth surface can be reduced. The stepped buffer pool is recessed by 10-30 cm generally, plants are planted on the surface, the fillers of the stepped buffer pool are usually sequentially covering materials, soil, coarse sand and gravel from top to bottom, and a drainage system is generally arranged at the bottom of the stepped buffer pool. In addition, the system typically includes additional utilities such as water intake and overflow. The cascade buffer tank has the advantages of low requirements on construction and management technologies, low operation energy consumption and the like.

The existing detention system is mostly derived from LID and BMPs and is applied to places such as public roads and gardens, but the arrangement form is too traditional and single, the water passing effect is poor, the treatment capacity is insufficient, if not designed reasonably, the long-time application of the system is not managed by people, the filler is easy to block and harden, the plants are wasted, the effect which is required to be achieved when the LID and the BMPs are developed cannot be achieved, and the detention system is rarely applied to treating rainwater drainage at the bank of a river channel, collecting rainwater at the sides of the road and natural rainfall. The cascade buffer tank is a subsystem of the whole river channel ecosystem, is mutually coordinated and cooperatively developed with other ecosystem, and directly influences the exertion of the functions of other ecological subsystems due to the ecological function.

Example 6: the ecological river protection slope comprises a river bed stone wall and a bank protection slope, a multistage ecological purification detention pool is arranged in an inclined plane area of the bank protection slope, a rainwater confluence channel is arranged on the upper side of the bank protection slope and is communicated with the bottom of the multistage ecological purification detention pool, an ecological protection layer with the inclination approximately consistent with that of an inclined plane is arranged in the inclined plane area of the bank protection slope, a gravel layer, a fiber layer, a soil layer and a permeable brick laying layer are sequentially laid on the upper side of the ecological protection layer from bottom to top, and the gravel layer, the fiber layer and the soil layer are sequentially laid in the multistage ecological purification detention pool from bottom to top; the gravel layers or the fiber layers between the adjacent ecological purification detention pools are communicated with each other through the through holes, so that the upper fiber layer and the lower fiber layer are communicated with each other in a penetrating way, and the fiber layer at the lowest side is contacted with river water after penetrating through the through holes reserved in the riverbed stone wall; the bottom of the ecological purification detention pond at the uppermost side is communicated with the rainwater confluence channel.

The upper side pipe wall of the rainwater confluence channel is provided with a water permeable hole and covered with a water permeable net, and the upper side of the water permeable net is a gravel layer.

And a sewage channel is arranged on the lower side of the bank protection slope, and an earth surface sewage discharge pipe is communicated with the sewage channel. A sludge pump is arranged in the sewage channel, and the inlet of the sludge pump is communicated with the bottom layer of the riverbed through a sludge pipeline.

According to the embodiments, the traditional simple engineering drainage is changed, and the development towards the ecological drainage direction is realized. By comprehensively applying the ecological principle and combining the application of the step buffer pool to carry out ecological planning on the bank of the urban river, the step buffer pool which accords with regional drainage and watershed ecological characteristics is constructed starting from the aspects of river bank engineering construction, vegetation reconstruction, landscape construction, ecological management and the like, and a river ecological system with reasonable structure and sound functions is formed.

Claims (5)

1. A riverway near-natural ecological embankment is characterized in that: the method is characterized in that a riverway side slope soil layer is taken as a foundation to be shaped into a side slope soil base layer which is taken as a foundation, the side slope soil base layer comprises an inclined plane, a bottom vertical plane and an upper plane along the riverway, geomembranes are paved on the upper plane, the inclined plane and the bottom vertical plane of the side slope soil base layer, a concrete frame body is horizontally paved on the outer side area of the geomembrane on the bottom vertical plane, the bottom of the concrete frame body is supported by a plurality of concrete vertical plates, through holes are respectively arranged on each concrete vertical plate, the surface of the concrete frame body is provided with densely distributed hole rows, the space in the concrete frame body is taken as a water accumulation area, gravel material infiltration layers are paved on the upper side of the concrete frame body and the upper sides of the inclined plane geomembrane and the upper plane geomembrane to form an inclined plane shape along the riverway, a fiber layer is paved on the upper side of the gravel material infiltration layer to form an inclined, as wading fiber layers, surface soil layers are laid on the upper sides of the fiber layers to form an inclined plane shape along a river channel, herbaceous plants or trees are planted on the surface soil layers to form a greening area, side slope protection blocks are connected to two side edges of a river bed base, protection block through holes are arranged in at least partial areas of the side slope protection blocks, the wading fiber layers are located in the protection block through holes or are led out from the protection block through holes, and ground wells distributed on the top of an ecological embankment are led into a gravel material infiltration layer through pipelines.

2. The riverway near-natural ecological bank according to claim 1, wherein: the hollow brick surface course is laid to top soil horizon upside, plants herbaceous vegetation in the space on hollow brick surface course and forms the greening layer, plants trees in the hollow brick surface course annular region and forms the afforestation forest zone.

3. The riverway near-natural ecological bank according to claim 1, wherein: a plurality of concrete slab supporting plate groups are laid at intervals in the top area of the gravel material percolation layer to form a buffer water accumulation pool, the ground well is drained to the buffer water accumulation pool through a pipeline, one side of the gravel material percolation layer is located in the buffer water accumulation pool, and the surface of the gravel material percolation layer is compressed and fixed by a fixing net.

4. The riverway near-natural ecological bank according to claim 3, wherein: the slab supporting plate group comprises an upper slab supporting plate and a lower slab supporting plate, the upper slab supporting plate and the lower slab supporting plate are supported and fixed through concrete columns, and a buffer water accumulation pool is formed in the area between the upper slab supporting plate and the lower slab supporting plate.

5. The riverway near-natural ecological bank according to claim 1, wherein: the ecological embankment is characterized in that a step buffer pool is arranged in the middle of an inclined plane of the ecological embankment from top to bottom along the inclined plane, the step buffer pool comprises an upper side wall and a lower side wall, one side wall is commonly used for adjacent step buffer pools, the bottom of each side wall comprises a concrete plate perforation, so that the bottoms of the adjacent step buffer pools are communicated with each other, a surface soil layer, a fiber layer and a gravel material percolation layer are sequentially arranged in each step buffer pool from top to bottom, and at least the fiber layer and the gravel material percolation layer penetrate through the concrete plate perforation from top.

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