CN110016886A - The river is close to the natural ecological embankment - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention discloses a river course near natural ecological embankment. The slope soil base layer is formed by trimming the river course slope soil layer as the foundation. Geomembrane is laid on the upper plane, inclined plane and bottom elevation of the slope soil base. In the present invention, a fiber layer penetrating up and down and a gravel material infiltration layer penetrating up and down are added at the bottom of the surface soil layer, and the collected rainwater is collected into the water accumulation area at the bottom by means of infiltration by using the gravel material infiltration layer to facilitate water storage. , in the rainy season, the embankment can collect enough rainwater resources for storage. Under the regulation of ensuring that there is sufficient water resources at the bottom of the river slope protection, the purpose of natural ecological transformation can be successfully achieved.

Description

The river is close to the natural ecological embankment

technical field

The invention belongs to the technical field of river ecological construction, and in particular relates to a berm for carrying out hierarchical reconstruction of river dikes so as to facilitate the functions of water storage and water lifting and thus be suitable for ecological reconstruction.

Background technique

The traditional river course slope protection technology mainly adopts the slurry rubble slope protection and the hole type slope protection, which isolate the original ecological environment, deviate from the laws of ecological nature, and are not conducive to the ecological restoration of the river channel. In order to meet the needs of urban development, the high-intensity human activities have changed the way of land use. A considerable proportion of the soft permeable underlying surface is covered by the impermeable surface, the rainwater runoff has increased, and the loss of rainwater resources has led to serious water shortages in the region. Not conducive to ecological construction. On the other hand, the traditional urban drainage system design is based on the rapid removal of rainwater as the fundamental starting point. This design method has many drawbacks and cannot realize the rational utilization of rainwater resources. In addition, most of the cities in my country have serious stormwater runoff pollution, and surface runoff is directly discharged into the receiving water body through the drains on the banks of urban rivers, which has become an important factor in the deterioration of urban river water quality. As an important part of the city, the urban river water body has a huge impact on the life and production of urban residents. Most of today's urban river water bodies are polluted to varying degrees, which makes the construction of the urban ecological environment more difficult. Furthermore, at present, the use of rubble rubble for river slope protection is not conducive to the maintenance of rainwater. However, simple river slope protection and greening is not suitable for long-term water resources maintenance, and lack of sufficient irrigation conditions will easily lead to slope protection degradation and ecological damage. Soil erosion affects the stability of slope protection.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

Aiming at the problem that the current river course slope protection is not suitable for greening due to the poor water capacity of the side slope, and the problem that the simple rubble rubble slope protection is not conducive to the ecologicalization of the river course, the invention provides a method of transforming the river course slope protection base to make it have sufficient The river embankment with the function of water content and the utilization of rain and flood resources, so as to achieve the purpose of near-natural ecological construction of the river.

The present invention is realized through the following technical solutions: a river course near natural ecological embankment, the slope soil base layer is formed by trimming the river course side slope soil layer as the basis, and the side slope soil base layer includes slopes and bottom elevations extending along the river course direction. And the upper plane, lay geomembrane on the upper plane, slope and bottom elevation of the slope soil base.

The concrete frame is horizontally laid in the outer area of the geomembrane on the bottom elevation. The bottom of the concrete frame is supported by a plurality of concrete vertical plates. Through holes are respectively provided on each concrete vertical plate. The existing space inside serves as a water accumulation area, which is mainly used to collect rainwater resources.

A gravel material percolation layer is laid on the upper side of the concrete frame body and the upper side of the inclined plane geomembrane and the upper plane geomembrane to form an inclined plane shape along the river. A fiber layer is laid on the upper side of the gravel material percolation layer, which also forms a slope shape along the river channel. Wherein, the thickness of the bottom fiber layer is greater than that of the upper fiber layer, and the bottom fiber layer is located on the side or inside of the concrete frame body and wades into water as a water-wading fiber layer. In addition, a surface soil layer is laid on the upper side of each fiber layer to form a slope shape along the river channel. The topsoil layer is planted with herbs or trees to form green areas.

Both sides of the river bed base are connected with side slope protection masonry, and protection masonry perforations are arranged in at least part of the side slope protection masonry. The underground wells are drained into the gravel material infiltration layer through pipelines.

Further, a hollow brick surface layer is laid on the upper side of the surface soil layer, herb vegetation is planted in the gap of the hollow brick surface layer to form a green layer, and trees are planted in the annular area of the hollow brick masonry layer to form a green forest area.

In the top area of the gravel material percolation layer, a plurality of concrete slab support plates are laid at intervals to form a buffer pool, and the ground well is drained to the buffer pool through pipelines. One side of the gravel material percolation layer is located in the buffer pool, and the gravel The surface of the material percolation layer is pressed and fixed with a fixed net. The concrete slab support plate group includes two upper and lower concrete slab support plates, which are supported and fixed by concrete columns, and the area between the upper and lower concrete slab support plates forms a buffer pool.

In the middle of the slope of the ecological embankment, there is a stepped buffer pool along the river course. The stepped buffer pool contains upper and lower side walls, and the adjacent stepped buffer pools share a common side wall. The bottoms of the pools are connected to each other, and the surface soil layer, the fiber layer and the gravel material percolation layer are respectively in order from top to bottom in each stepped buffer tank.

Beneficial effects of the present invention: In the present invention, a fiber layer that penetrates up and down and a gravel material percolation layer that penetrates up and down are added at the bottom of the surface soil layer, and the collected rainwater is collected to the bottom of the water by infiltration through the gravel material percolation layer. In the rainy season, the embankment can collect enough rainwater resources for storage. Among them, the fiber layer has a strong water-bearing function, which can absorb water and provide the water supply for the continuous growth of the surface vegetation. The fiber layer is mainly composed of fluorine-containing fibers, as well as some aromatic heterocyclic fibers and inorganic fibers. The fiber layer can absorb and lift the stagnant water on the bottom layer through the capillary pipeline, so that it can continue to supply water to the vegetation on the surface of the slope protection in the dry season. So as to balance the water resources in the rainy season and the dry season, so that the water in the rainy season and the dry season can be evenly distributed to the vegetation layer as much as possible. During the rainy season, during the infiltration process of excess rainwater along the gravel material percolation layer, the fiber layer is located on the upper side of the gravel material percolation layer, so the fiber layer can directly absorb sufficient water. Under the regulation of ensuring that there is sufficient water resources at the bottom of the river slope protection, the purpose of natural ecological transformation can be successfully achieved.

After the invention contacts the wading fiber layer at the bottom with the river water, the river water can be drained upward through the fiber layer to the vegetation on the surface of the slope protection to continuously replenish water at any time. At the same time, aquatic animals in the river can enter the fiber layer and the stagnant water area by means of the perforations of the slope protection masonry, providing a special living space for aquatic animals, achieving the coordinated development of animals and plants, and gradually transforming the river ecology.

Through the filtering and adsorption of the gravel layer and the fiber layer, the plant root system purifies the rainwater runoff pollution and improves the water quality of the river runoff. Among them, most suspended particulate pollutants and some dissolved pollutants in rainwater runoff can be effectively removed, and some heavy metal ions, pathogens, etc. can also be removed.

The invention comprehensively utilizes ecological principles and combined with the application of cascade buffer pools, can be connected with the end of the urban rainwater pipe network, has good purification effect and landscape effect, realizes an ecological multi-dimensional retention system, and directly reduces the risk of runoff into the river.

Description of drawings

Figure 1 is a cross-sectional view of a river bank of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is an enlarged structural schematic diagram of part A in FIG. 1 .

FIG. 3 is an enlarged structural schematic diagram of part B in FIG. 1 .

FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of the C-C cross-sectional structure in FIG. 1 .

FIG. 5 is a schematic view of the front structure of the pool wall in FIG. 2 .

FIG. 6 is a schematic three-dimensional structure diagram of the concrete frame body in FIG. 1 .

Labels in the figure: 1 is the slope soil base, 2 is the river bed base, 3 is the slope protection masonry, 4 is the concrete slab support plate, 5 is the buffer pool, 6 is the geomembrane, 7 is the concrete column, 8 is the Fixed net, 9 is pipeline, 10 is ground well, 11 is gravel material percolation layer, 12 is concrete frame, 13 is through hole, 14 is hole row, 15 is upper fiber layer, 16 is wading fiber layer, 17 is Top soil layer, 18 is the hollow brick surface layer, 19 is the herb vegetation green layer, 20 is the drought-tolerant tree species, 21 is the moisture-tolerant tree species, 22 is the green belt in the trapezoidal area, 23 is the stepped buffer pool, 24 is the horse road, and 25 is the perforation for guarding masonry. , 26 are perforated concrete slabs, and 27 are concrete vertical slabs.

Detailed ways

In this example, the river embankment is transformed to become a near-natural ecological embankment. The method adopted is in accordance with the construction sequence. First, the river slope soil layer is used as the foundation to trim the slope base layer as the foundation, and the slope soil base layer is trimmed as Approximate trapezoidal structure, as shown in Figure 1, the slope soil base layer 1 includes slopes along the river channel, bottom elevations and upper planes. At the same time, geomembrane 6 is laid on the upper plane, inclined surface and bottom elevation of the slope soil base, and the geomembrane is used to isolate the slope soil base to ensure the stability of the slope soil base structure.

The concrete frame body 12 is horizontally laid on the outer area of the geomembrane on the bottom facade. As shown in Figure 6, the bottom of the concrete frame body is supported by a plurality of concrete vertical plates, and each concrete vertical plate is respectively provided with through holes 13, and the concrete frame body (panel panel) ) There are densely distributed hole rows 14 on the surface, and the space existing inside the concrete frame is used as a water accumulation area. A gravel material percolation layer 11 is laid on the upper side or the periphery of the concrete frame body, and the gravel material percolation layer can be directly laid on the hole row, or the gravel material percolation layer can be laid after laying a supporting mesh. At the same time, a gravel material percolation layer is laid on the upper side of the inclined geomembrane and the upper plane geomembrane to form an inclined shape along the river channel.

A fiber layer 15 is laid on the upper side of the gravel material percolation layer, which also forms a slope shape along the river channel. The fiber layer is mainly composed of fluorine-containing fibers, as well as some aromatic heterocyclic fibers and inorganic fibers. As shown in Figure 1, the thickness of the bottom fiber layer is greater than that of the upper fiber layer, and the bottom fiber layer is located on the side or inside of the concrete frame and is wading. The shape of the slope along the channel.

After laying a multi-layer structure on the slope soil base, the slope hierarchy as shown in Figure 3 is formed. The topsoil layer is planted with herbs or trees to form green areas. Using the water permeability of the fiber layer, it can realize the function of balancing water supply from top to bottom. In the rainy season, the rainwater collection pipeline enters the slope protection gravel layer, and enters the fiber layer after preliminary filtration through the gravel layer. With the fiber layer down, the accumulated water can penetrate the slope area of the slope protection and the interior of the multi-stage ecological purification retention pond. Only the excess and purified rainwater enters the river channel through the fiber layer. Therefore, the retention space can be used to temporarily store the rainwater to slow down the rainwater. Runoff is a pollutant load that discharges directly into the receiving water body. In the dry season, using the siphon effect of the overall fiber layer, the bottom layer of the fiber layer can absorb the river water and lift the river water to the entire slope protection green belt, so as to moisturize the slope protection vegetation and meet the drainage purification requirements. It can be seen that the ecological slope protection of the present invention can achieve the effect of water exchange between the rainy season and the dry season, thereby prolonging the service life of the slope protection. Moreover, the present invention is fully integrated with the river bank, has good landscape effect, and fully embodies the concept of ecological construction.

Embodiment 2: On the basis of Embodiment 1, in this embodiment, slope protection masonry 3 is connected to both sides of the river bed base, and protection masonry perforations are provided in at least part of the slope protection masonry. The wading fiber layer is located in or pulled out from the perforation of the protective masonry, and the ground wells distributed on the top of the ecological embankment are drained into the gravel material percolation layer through the pipeline. After the wading fiber layer at the bottom is in contact with the river water, the river water can be drained upwards through the fiber layer to the vegetation on the surface of the slope protection to replenish water continuously at any time. At the same time, aquatic animals in the river can enter the fiber layer and the stagnant water area by means of the perforations of the slope protection masonry, providing a special living space for aquatic animals, achieving the coordinated development of animals and plants, and gradually transforming the river ecology.

This embodiment ensures the stability of the river bank and prevents soil erosion on the basis of satisfying the requirements for flood discharge and waterlogging drainage. It is an open, balanced system that constantly exchanges material with the surrounding ecosystem. It is a dynamic system. The water flow has a scouring effect on the shore, and the shore has a retention effect on the water flow. The shore ecosystem is the medium for the exchange of surface water and groundwater.

Example 3: On the basis of Example 1, a hollow brick surface layer 18 is laid on the upper side of the surface soil layer, herbaceous vegetation is planted in the void of the hollow brick surface layer to form a green layer 19, and trees are planted in the annular area of the hollow brick masonry layer to form a green forest area.

Example 4: On the basis of Example 1, a plurality of concrete slab support plates are laid at intervals on the top area of the gravel material percolation layer to form a buffer pool 5. As shown in Figure 4, the ground well is drained to the buffer pool through pipelines One side of the gravel material percolation layer is located in the buffer pool, and the surface of the gravel material percolation layer is pressed and fixed with a fixed net. The buffer pool can temporarily store more rainwater, which is suitable for rainwater storage when the rainfall is large in the rainy season.

Example 5: On the basis of Example 1, a stepped buffer pool 23 is set along the river course in the middle of the slope of the ecological embankment. As shown in Figure 2, the stepped buffer pool contains upper and lower side walls, and the adjacent stepped buffer pools use one side. As shown in Figure 5, the bottom of each side wall contains concrete plate perforations 26, so that the bottoms of adjacent stepped buffer pools are connected to each other, and the surface soil layer, fiber layer and gravel material seepage in each stepped buffer pool from top to bottom. The filter layer, wherein at least the fiber layer and the gravel material percolation layer are penetrated up and down through the perforation of the concrete plate. The use of stepped buffer pools can improve the stability of the slope protection and the role of reasonable runoff when the rainfall is large, and can filter and absorb the floating sediments washed by the surface to prevent them from entering the river. This embodiment can further improve the water quality of rainwater runoff to achieve urban rainwater management, and its stepped buffer pool plays an important role. The cascade buffer pool mainly purifies rainwater through the filtration and adsorption of fillers and the absorption of plant roots. Because it can temporarily store rainwater and then slowly penetrate into the surrounding soil, it can reduce the peak flow of surface rainwater. The stepped buffer pool is generally concave 10-30cm, and plants are planted on the surface. The fillings are usually mulch, soil, coarse sand and gravel in order from top to bottom, and a drainage system is generally provided at the bottom. In addition, the system usually includes ancillary facilities such as water intake and overflow. The cascade buffer pool has the advantages of low technical requirements for construction and management, and low operating energy consumption.

Existing detention systems are mostly derived from LIDs and BMPs, and are used in places such as roads and gardens, but the layout is too traditional and simple, the water passing effect is poor, and the processing capacity is insufficient. As a result, the fillers are easily blocked and hardened, and the plants are abandoned, failing to achieve the desired effect when developing LIDs and BMPs, and it is rare to see the retention system applied to the river bank for rainwater drainage, collecting roadside rainwater and natural rainfall. The cascade buffer pool of the present invention is a subsystem of the entire river ecosystem, which is coordinated and coordinated with other ecosystems, and its ecological function directly affects the functioning of other ecological subsystems.

Example 6: River ecological slope protection includes river bed masonry walls and embankment slope protection, multi-stage ecological purification retention ponds are set on the slope area of embankment slope protection, rainwater confluence channels, rainwater confluence channels and multi-stage ecological purification retention ponds are set on the upper side of embankment slope protection The bottom is connected, and an ecological protective masonry layer with approximately the same slope as the slope is arranged inside the slope area of the embankment slope protection. In the multi-level ecological purification retention pond, the gravel layer, the fiber layer and the soil layer are laid sequentially from bottom to top; the gravel layer or the fiber layer between the adjacent ecological purification retention ponds are connected with each other through the through holes, so that the upper and lower fibers are connected to each other. The layers are connected with each other, and the fiber layer on the lowermost side penetrates the through holes reserved in the masonry wall of the river bed and contacts with the river water; the bottom of the ecological purification retention tank on the uppermost side is connected with the rainwater confluence channel.

The upper pipe wall of the rainwater confluence channel is provided with permeable holes and covered with a permeable net, and the upper side of the permeable net is a gravel layer.

A sewage channel is arranged from the lower side of the embankment slope protection, and the surface sewage discharge pipe is communicated with the sewage channel. A sludge pump is installed in the sewage channel, and the inlet of the sludge pump is connected to the bottom of the river bed through the sludge pipeline.

As can be seen from the above embodiments, the present invention changes the traditional relatively simple engineering drainage, and realizes the development in the direction of ecological drainage. Comprehensively apply ecological principles and combine the application of cascade buffer pools to carry out ecological planning for urban river banks, starting from river bank engineering construction, vegetation reconstruction, landscape construction, ecological management, etc., to build cascades that conform to regional drainage and river basin ecological characteristics. Buffer pool, forming a rational structure and sound function of the river ecosystem.

Claims (5)

1. a river course is near natural ecological embankment, it is characterized in that: take the river course side slope soil layer as the foundation to trim and form the side slope soil base layer as the foundation, and the side slope soil base layer comprises the slope along the river course and the bottom elevation and the upper plane, in the Geomembrane is laid on the upper plane, inclined surface and bottom elevation of the soil base of the slope, and a concrete frame is horizontally laid in the outer area of the geomembrane on the bottom elevation. There are through holes, the surface of the concrete frame body is densely covered with rows of holes, the space existing inside the concrete frame body is used as a water accumulation area, and gravel materials are laid on the upper side of the concrete frame body and on the upper side of the inclined plane geomembrane and the upper plane geomembrane. The percolation layer forms an inclined surface shape along the river channel. A fiber layer is laid on the upper side of the gravel material percolation layer, which also forms an inclined surface shape along the river channel. The bottom fiber layer is thicker than the upper fiber layer, and the bottom fiber layer is located in the concrete. The side or inner part of the frame is waded, as a wading fiber layer, a surface soil layer is laid on the upper side of each fiber layer to form a slope shape along the river channel, the surface soil layer is planted with herbs or trees to form a green area, and the bottom of the river bed is formed. Slope protection masonry is connected to the two sides of the slope protection masonry, and protection masonry perforations are set in at least part of the slope protection masonry. The pipeline drains into the gravel material infiltration layer. 2. The near natural ecological embankment of the river course according to claim 1 is characterized in that: a hollow brick surface layer is laid on the upper side of the surface layer soil layer, and herb vegetation is planted in the gap of the hollow brick surface layer to form a green layer, and the hollow brick masonry layer is planted in the annular area. Trees form green forest areas. 3. The river near natural ecological embankment according to claim 1 is characterized in that: a plurality of concrete plate support plate groups are laid at intervals on the top area of the gravel material percolation layer to form a buffer pool, and the ground well is drained to the buffer pool through pipelines. In the pond, one side of the gravel material percolation layer is located in the buffer pond, and the surface of the gravel material percolation layer is pressed and fixed with a fixed net. 4. The river near natural ecological embankment according to claim 3 is characterized in that: the concrete plate support plate group comprises two upper and lower concrete plate support plates, which are supported and fixed by concrete columns, and between the upper and lower concrete plate support plates The area forms a buffer pool. 5. The near-natural ecological embankment of the river course according to claim 1 is characterized in that: a stepped buffer pond is provided along the river course in the middle of the inclined plane of the ecological embankment, and the stepped buffer pond contains upper and lower side walls, and the adjacent stepped buffer ponds are generally one Side walls, the bottom of each side wall contains perforated concrete plates, so that the bottoms of adjacent stepped buffer pools are connected to each other, and the surface soil layer, fiber layer and gravel material percolation layer are respectively in each stepped buffer pool from top to bottom, of which at least There is a fiber layer and a gravel material percolation layer that penetrates up and down through the perforation of the concrete plate.