RU2396979C2 - Hyperimmune polyvalent serum against mass virus disease of cattle - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: medicine.

SUBSTANCE: invention refers to virology. A hyperimmune polyvalent serum against infectious rhinotracheitis, virus diarrhoea, parainfluenza-3, rota-, corona- and respiratory syncytial infections of cattle contains specific antibodies against viruses of infectious rhinotracheitis, parainfluenza-3, rota- and coronaviral infections in titre 1:1024 - 1:2048, virus diarrhoea in titre 1:512 - 1:1024, respiratory syncytial infection in titre 1:256.

EFFECT: serum shows a broad antiviral spectrum and high therapeutic effect that is especially important for calves' protection in farms simultaneously unfavourable by a number of viral diseases.

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Description

The invention relates to the field of biotechnology (virology) and relates to the manufacture and use of a highly active polyvalent immune serum of cattle (cattle) for passive immunization, mainly calves, against six of the most common and most dangerous viral diseases.

Cattle viral diseases are widespread in the world and cause great economic damage to many countries, especially countries with highly productive cattle breeding. The most damaging diseases today are infectious rhinotracheitis (RTI), viral diarrhea (VD), parainfluenza-3 (PG-3), rotavirus (RV), coronavirus (KB) and respiratory syncytial (PC) infections. The economic damage caused by these diseases is due to reduced productivity, impaired reproduction, animal death and the application of quarantine measures. The death of calves in dysfunctional farms can reach 20-30%.

The wide spread of these diseases in different countries, including Russia, is associated with high contagiousness, prolonged carriage and abundant virus isolation by sick animals, transplacental infection of embryos and transmission of viruses with semen from infected bulls.

The main feature of these diseases, which complicates specific prevention and control measures, is the simultaneous infection of animals with several pathogens of viral infections.

To combat viral diseases of cattle in different countries, live and infected mono- and combined vaccines and schemes for their use have been proposed. However, due to the immunobiological characteristics of these diseases, vaccine prophylaxis was not as effective as in a number of other viral diseases of humans and animals. A successful fight against the above-mentioned viral diseases of cattle requires the creation of long-term intense immunity in the entire population of a dysfunctional economy, which can be achieved by the systematic use of high-quality combination vaccines over the course of several years.

This feature of the vaccine prophylaxis of these diseases in cattle very often does not solve the problem of calf protection, which depends mainly on colostral antibodies obtained with colostrum of mothers. Deficiency of passive immunity in calves can be compensated for by the introduction of specific antibodies contained in high-immune serum of cattle. With the intravenous administration of such serum, immunity is ensured immediately, and with local administration, after 12-24 hours. Such a protective measure is very effective when using highly active serum, which ensures the creation of a protective level of antibodies in vaccinated calves. For example, the blood serum of hyperimmunized animals (horses) is widely used in international practice for therapeutic and prophylactic purposes when people are infected with rabies virus, and the immune globulin of cow's milk or yolk of chicken eggs is used to treat rotavirus infection in children.

In 1978, employees of the Moscow Veterinary Academy and Kazan Veterinary Institute proposed an immune serum to protect calves from adenovirus infection, PG-3, PC and VD, which has not received practical application. Currently, the Armavir Biofactory produces immune polyvalent blood serum against pasteurellosis, salmonellosis, parainfluenza-3 and cattle infectious rhinotracheitis. The disadvantages of this serum are that it is directed only against two viral diseases (ИРТ and ПГ-3), and that for therapeutic purposes it is recommended to administer it intramuscularly or intravenously in large doses: calves twice 40-60 ml, adult animals - twice 60-120 ml. The narrow antiviral spectrum of action of such a serum and a large dosage indicate its lack of effectiveness, which is often confirmed by the negative results of its practical application.

The technical result of the invention is to expand the spectrum of action and increase activity.

The essence of the invention is to obtain hyperimmune polyvalent blood serum against the most common and dangerous viral diseases of cattle ИРТ, ВД, РВ, KB, ПГ-3 and PC, characterized in that its underlying technology provides a preparation with a high content of specific antibodies against six viral diseases, which has a high therapeutic and prophylactic effect when applied in practical conditions.

Polyvalent serum “SPVI-KRS” is obtained by immunization of cattle with antigens of the corresponding viruses (ИРТ, ВД, РВ, KB, ПГ-3 and PC). Polyvalent serum "SPVI-KRS" has a high specific activity for all six viruses. In the neutralization reaction (PH) in a cell culture, carried out according to the standard technique, it is active against viruses IRT, VD, PG-3, PB and KB in a dilution of at least 1: 1024, to the PC virus - at least 1: 256.

The proposed serum "SPVI-KRS" is a pink or colorless slightly opalescent liquid, which at 2-8 ° C retains its original activity for at least 12 months. Serum is administered for prophylactic or therapeutic purposes, mainly to protect newborns or young calves, as well as adult animals in the acute course of diseases. Serum is administered subcutaneously or intravenously twice with an interval of 2-10 days to calves at a dose of 0.5 ml per 1 kg of body weight, for adult animals - 30-40 ml. This method of applying serum "SPVI-cattle" was the most effective.

The invention is illustrated by the following examples.

Example 1. The study of five series of serum showed that after manufacture, its specific activity against six viruses is mainly within the established standards.

Example 2. The study of 3 series of serum stored at 2-8 ° C showed that its specific activity persists for 12 months.

Example 3. On a farm that is permanently unfavorable for rota- and coronavirus infections with the death of 25% of calves, 65 newborn calves were treated with serum with signs of damage to the gastrointestinal tract. The serum was injected subcutaneously twice in a dose of 49 ml with an interval of 7-10 days. General improvement occurred 3-6 hours after the first injection, and clinical recovery on the second day after administration of serum. Subsequently, all calves remained healthy, grew and developed normally.

Example 4, In two large farms that are unsuccessful for infectious rhinotracheitis, viral diarrhea and parainfluenza-3, calves fell ill mainly with respiratory disorders. During the first weeks of life, waste averaged 15–20% of the number of people born. In order to prevent disease and death, 985 calves from the first day of life were treated with serum subcutaneously, twice in a dose of 20 ml with an interval of 10 days. All calves remained healthy throughout the observation period (60 days).

About 2000 calves are vaccinated with serum. The preventive effect was 98.5%. Before the use of serum, the safety of calves is 86%. The average daily gain in calves treated with serum in the first 2 months of life increased by 106 grams.

Example 5. For therapeutic purposes, serum was administered twice subcutaneously at a dose of 30 and 40 ml to 45 sick cows (age 3-6 years) and 86 heifers (age 2-2.5 years). Recovery was observed in all animals.

In total, more than 300 l of hyperimmune serum was prepared, which for the treatment and prophylactic purpose processed more than 3,000 calves and several dozen adult animals.

As a result of studies, a widespread viral disease of cattle was found. The viral agents that cause them (IRT, VD, PG-3, rota-, corona- and PC viruses) are the root cause of mass diseases with damage to the respiratory and digestive organs. These diseases, which also violate reproductive function and productivity, are especially severe in young animals, causing death of up to 30% of calves. The protection of newborn calves from viral diseases in dysfunctional farms is an economically important state task, which can be solved by using the proposed “SPVI-KRS” serum.

Information sources

1. Technical conditions (TU-46-21-77). "Serum polyvalent against adenovirus, parainfluenza-3, respiratory syncytial virus and cattle diarrhea virus."

2. FSUE Armavir factory. Catalog of Veterinary Medicines, page 36. “Serum against pasteurellosis, salmonella, parainfluenza-3 and infectious cattle rhinotracheitis.”

Claims (1)

Hyperimmune polyvalent serum against infectious rhinotracheitis, viral diarrhea, parainfluenza-3, rota-, corona- and respiratory syncytial infections of cattle, characterized in that it contains specific antibodies against infectious rhinotracheitis, parainfluenza-3, rota- and coronavirus infections titer 1: 1024-1: 2048, viral diarrhea in titer 1: 512-1: 1024, respiratory syncytial infection in titer 1: 256.