RU2388736C1 - Method of creating aerosol cloud for smoke screen or false target - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: chemistry.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to compositions for creating an aerosol cloud for protecting industrial and military objects from high-precision enemy weapons. The method of creating an aerosol cloud for a smoke screen or false target involves pyrotechnical explosion of a shell to form an aerosol cloud which contains hollow aluminosilicate microspheres coated with a metal layer with thickness of not greater than 1 micrometre, with nanopores in the walls with density of 0.18-0.9 g/cm², with size of up to 150 micrometres and filled with hydrogen as the combustible component. The size of nanopores is comparable with the size of hydrogen molecules.

EFFECT: increased effectiveness of the aerosol cloud.

2 cl, 5 dwg, 1 tbl, 1 ex

Description

The invention relates to the field of armaments and can be used to protect industrial and military installations (launch mines, ships, armored vehicles, etc.) from high-precision weapons of the enemy.

Currently, one of the ways to protect against precision weapons is to disguise an object and create false targets. The arsenal of most highly developed countries has high-precision weapons with satellite, radar, laser, infrared and optical (visible) targeting systems. With all guidance systems, to protect the object (masking), one has to act in conditions of acute time deficit, i.e. against an already approaching projectile or after establishing the fact of detection of a target by an adversary, for example, when fixing a laser beam directed by an adversary to a target

The satellite guidance system is used to correct missiles along the trajectory, which creates an orbital constellation of navigation satellites. This system is ineffective in the case of the destruction of satellites, the use of interference, etc. and in tactical military operations is not used.

With a radar system, the earth's surface is continuously scanned by a beam with a wavelength in the millimeter range, highlighting the desired object. Therefore, the purpose of camouflage actions is to change the radar picture of the area directly in the area of the target. Having received a signal from the early warning system, the camouflage system, using a pyrotechnic device, throws a smoke screen (aerosol cloud) containing scraps of metal wire and metal foil into the air, creating a screen impervious to radio waves. In this case, the shell (warhead) becomes hated and an off-design miss is provided.

The laser homing system is based on highlighting the target with a laser beam. An effective way to deal with such weapons is to create an aerosol (fine) cloud that blocks the laser beam and completely covers the target.

An optical guidance system in the optical (visible) and infrared ranges works by analogy with a radar system. To protect against weapons with an optical guidance system, a masking smoke screen is effective. aerosol cloud (a screen containing fine particles) is opaque both in the optical (visible) and infrared ranges. (Ardashev A. A. Protection of mine launchers from high-precision weapons. J. "Equipment and armaments", No. 6, p.31, 2004)

Thus, based on the foregoing, when fulfilling a number of requirements, setting a smoke masking curtain is a highly effective means of protection against precision weapons. These requirements are: long-term settling of fine particles and smoke, high masking ability, characterized as a surface area that can be hidden with 1 kg of masking composition.

There is a method of creating a smoke curtain by forming a masking screen, which includes tape-spiral elements, which are applied smoke-forming composition and metal dipoles to form protection in the infrared, visible and radar emission spectra (RF Patent for the invention No. 2202094, F41H 11/02 , published on October 4, 2003).

The disadvantage of this method is that the ribbon-spiral elements have a high aerodynamic drag and, as a result, under the influence of a pyrotechnic charge, fly apart to an insufficient distance when a cloud is formed, i.e. the masking ability of the curtain is reduced due to a decrease in the hidden area.

Closest to the technical nature of the claimed is a method of creating a smoke screen or a false target by creating a screen (cloud) of fine particles and smoke, and as fine particles use ground sand and metal powder, for example aluminum in the form of flakes with a particle size of 100 microns. In this case, the sand particles serve as a carrier to which, due to adhesion, metal flakes are attached that have high aerodynamic drag and which are not able to spread by themselves under the influence of a pyrotechnic charge over a considerable distance (US Patent No. 5,233,927, MKI F41H 9/06, publ. 10/08/93).

The disadvantage of this method is that fine particles of sand and metal are deposited much earlier than smoke particles, which reduces the effectiveness of protection in the infrared range, in the range of radio waves and from laser guidance. In practice, protection in the optical (visible) range, i.e. the deposition of smoke particles is carried out for 2 minutes or more, while the deposition of metal particles occurs within 30 seconds, which is clearly not enough, because the massaging time (particle deposition) should be longer than the time the projectile (missiles, warheads) approaches the target. And the flight time can reach 3 minutes or more.

The problem solved by the invention consists in a method of creating an aerosol cloud for a camouflage smoke screen or a false target in which fine particles would settle for a long time, i.e. at a low speed, and a decrease in the deposition rate of these particles should not be achieved by reducing their size, because at small sizes, of the order of 1-3 microns, the reflectivity of particles in the infrared and radio waves decreases, which reduces the effectiveness of masking. In this case, the masking ability will also be reduced due to the insufficient distance to which these particles fly apart in a pyrotechnic explosion.

The problem is solved in that in the known method of creating an aerosol cloud for a camouflage smoke screen or a false target, including pyrotechnic bursting of a projectile with the formation of an aerosol cloud containing hollow microspheres filled with a combustible component, according to the invention form an aerosol cloud containing a metal layer coated with a thickness of no more than 1 micron hollow aluminosilicate microspheres with nanopores in the walls, with a density of 0.18-0.9 g / cm ³ , with a size of up to 150 microns and filled with hydrogen as a combustible component, pr whereby the size of nanopores corresponds to the size of hydrogen molecules.

Hollow aluminosilicate microspheres are formed as a result of the melting and blowing of the mineral components of coal when it is burned in a thermal power plant.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, which depict:

figure 1 - General scheme of the method;

figure 2 is a part of the screen of the smoke screen in a known method (prototype);

figure 3 - part of the screen of the smoke screen in the proposed method;

figure 4 is a part of the screen of the smoke screen according to a variant of the invention with metallized microspheres;

figure 5 - General scheme of the method according to the variant with microspheres filled with hydrogen.

An example implementation of the method.

To make a camouflage smoke screen above an object (target) 1, a projectile is pyrotechnically bursting to form an aerosol cloud (screen) 2, which includes smoke and fine hollow microspheres 3. Various types of microspheres can be used, but aluminosilicate microspheres coated a metal layer thickness of not more than 1 micron, with nanopores in the walls, with a density of 0,18-0,9 g / cm ³ to 150 microns in size and filled with fuel component obtained by melting and blow mine cial coal components when it is burned in the thermal power (allocated microspheres in water by flotation of the fly ash).

Due to the spherical shape of the particles, microspheres fly apart at a pyrotechnic gap than with a scaly shape of particles, thereby increasing the efficiency of masking, but at the same time, due to the low density, which is 4 times less than the density of solid particles, the time of deposition of particles in air increases. which ensures the installation of the curtain and the protection of the object for a longer time.

Covered with a layer of metal, hollow aluminosilicate microspheres, if necessary, protect the object from weapons with infrared, radar, laser guidance systems provide higher masking efficiency and particle deposition time.

The Russian company CJSC Uralight produces aluminosilicate microspheres coated with silver with a coating thickness of 500 Angstroms and a particle size of 0-150 microns.

The most effective filler of hollow microspheres as fuel is hydrogen.

For effective microencapsulation, microspheres should have nanopores in the wall, the sizes of which correspond to the size of hydrogen molecules - about 2-3 nanometers (nm).

Studies conducted at the University of Alfred (USA), found that when exposed to infrared targeted radiation on the wall of a glass microsphere, hydrogen penetrates through nanopores, which can be used when filling microspheres with hydrogen for storage (accumulation), and when hydrogen is released from the internal cavity microspheres for the purpose of use. This creates great opportunities for protecting objects from precision weapons. For example, when setting up a smoke screen using hydrogen-containing microspheres, it is possible to create a control action with an infrared ray 5 (or in another way) in order to achieve hydrogen evolution from the internal cavity, and since hydrogen is explosive, when it explodes, the microspheres will burst into individual segments 6 (flakes with a metal coating), which will be given additional movement, which will increase the masking ability. In this case, the veil will actually turn into a fire cloud 7, which is a barrier not only to the rays of the guidance system, but also to the projectile itself.

To confirm the effectiveness of the proposed method, tests of the proposed method (two options) and the known prototype and method using a pure white method were carried out.

Comparative results are summarized in the Table.

Table The effectiveness of the mask m ² / kg The duration of the smoke screen in the optical (visible) range Infrared Smoke Screen Duration Method using aluminosilicate microspheres 1350 6 min 5 minutes Method using hydrogen-containing metallized microspheres 1800 8 min 7 min Method using powder metal particles 900 2 minutes 30 sec Pure White Phosphorus Process 1300 3 min -

As can be seen from the table, the main method of the proposed method (2 first positions) is superior to known.

Using the proposed technical solution allows not only to put a smoke screen, but also to use it to create false targets, for example, it is possible to create several fire clouds at the same time (or in a given sequence), i.e. objects with high temperature and luminosity that can be taken by the adversary for real goals.

Claims (2)

1. A method of creating an aerosol cloud for a camouflage smoke screen or a false target, including pyrotechnic rupture of a projectile with the formation of an aerosol cloud containing hollow microspheres filled with a combustible component, characterized in that they form an aerosol cloud containing hollow aluminosilicate coated with a metal layer no more than 1 μm thick microspheres with nanopores in the walls, with a density of 0,18-0,9 g / cm ³ to 150 microns in size and filled with hydrogen as a fuel component, with nanopore size corresponds to the size of the molecules in the Orodes. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the hollow aluminosilicate microspheres are formed as a result of the melting and inflation of the mineral components of coal during its combustion in a thermal power plant.

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