RU205522U1 - REACTIVE PROJECT WITH A LASER HEAD FOR DISARMING COMPLEXES OF ACTIVE PROTECTION OF TANKS - Google Patents

Abstract

The utility model refers to military equipment, and more specifically to ammunition, in particular to missiles of unconventional action for artillery weapons, aircraft cannon armament, as well as to warheads of guided and unguided missiles and projectiles, and is intended as part of these means for disarming automatic optical electronic complexes of active protection of tanks. The essence of the utility model is that the rocket includes a laser warhead, a parachute compartment with separation and braking systems, and a rocket propulsion unit with a stabilizer. The laser head part contains a body, pulsed lasers, similar to lasers used in laser rangefinders and target designators, lasers are located circumferentially inside the body, laser radiation enters a multi-position mirror on a torsion bar, a multi-position mirror using a cam wheel driven by an electric motor powered by an electric battery located in the center of the laser head scans the laser beams and directs the laser beams through the windows in the housing into the surrounding area. The implementation of the utility model will ensure the disarmament of automatic optoelectronic systems for active protection of tanks. 5 ill.

Description

The technical field to which the utility model belongs.

This utility model relates to military equipment, and more specifically to ammunition, in particular to missiles of unconventional action for artillery weapons, aircraft cannon armament, as well as to warheads of guided and unguided missiles and projectiles, and is intended as part of these means for disarming automatic optics. - electronic complexes of active protection of tanks.

As is known (RU 2263268 C2, publ. 27.10.2005), the active protection complex (KAZ) of tanks generally consists of a detection system, an information processing and control system, and a weapon system.

The site https://ru.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active_zashchita provides an accessible description of the active protection of tanks and other military equipment.

Active protection is a type of combat vehicle (BM) protection used in active mode on aircraft (AC), armored vehicles, and so on. It is a system located on an aircraft, a tank or other armored vehicle, which, when it detects an anti-tank ammunition approaching a tank (ATGM missiles, RPG grenades, etc.), puts interference (both electromagnetic and kinetic), destroying, or at least strongly weakening the effect of the attacking ammunition. The use of active protection systems can significantly (two to three times or more) increase the survivability of tanks. In the literature, there are names - active protection complex (KAZ), active protection system (SAZ).

Operating principle. The system includes a radar station (radar), modern missile launch detection systems operating in the ultraviolet range (it is in this range that the operation of jet engines is clearly distinguishable), which are installed on some aircraft and ground equipment, but so far these are only prototypes ... The system warns the crew of a launch in its direction, the weapons are automatically deployed, and the automatic curtain-setting system is triggered - an aerosol cloud is fired in front of the projectile, allowing you to close the target in the infrared and optical ranges.

There are varieties according to the principle of action:

Optoelectronic suppression system;

Systems with fired (or non-fired) protective charges.

The optoelectronic suppression system installed on the turret of the tank includes searchlights that emit modulated radiation in the optical and infrared ranges, which at a distance of 2-2.5 km leads to the suppression of the optoelectronic coordinators of the ATGM guidance systems. The coordinators receive false signals from these searchlights, and the wrong commands are sent to the rocket, causing it to either crash into the ground or fly by.

In a system with fired protective charges, a device combined with a local-action radar gives a command to fire special charges, which, when approaching a projectile, explode, forming a cloud of fragments that hit the approaching ammunition.

Optical-electronic suppression system. The Russian system of optoelectronic suppression "Shtora-1" works well for outdated complexes Milan, NOT, TOW of the first modifications, "Baby", "Fagot", "Phalanx", "Konkurs", etc. But on new systems (eg. TOW -2A), in addition to a xenon lamp, an infrared emitter with its own modulator is installed in the stern of the rocket, which is also perceived by the coordinator of the complex, so this system becomes ineffective. And on promising vehicles, for example, on modernized T-90SM tanks, it is not installed.

Soviet tank builders became pioneers in the development and implementation of active protection systems for tanks. The idea of active protection of the tank was first formulated in one of the Tula design bureaus in the late 1950s. The first active protection complex "Drozd" was installed on the T-55AD tank, and was put into service in 1983. "Drozd" is the first complex in the world that was put into service and mass-produced. The operational characteristics of the complex did not impose restrictions on the conditions for using the tank. In the 1960s, the Dozhd and Azot active protection systems were developed. The end of the 1980s - development work on the creation of the KAZ "Barrier". In the late 1980s, the Drozd KAZ was modernized and received the Drozd-2 index. At the same time, the "Arena" active protection complex was created, but due to the economic collapse in the post-Soviet space, it, like the "Drozd-2" complex, did not go into series. In the complex of active protection "Arena", an attempt was made to solve the problem of the defeat of their infantry when the attacking ammunition is destroyed by fragments of the anti-missile itself and ATGM or a rocket-propelled grenade. The flight path of the protective block and the scattering of fragments (in the direction from top to bottom) are designed in such a way as to minimize the zone of continuous destruction while ensuring the destruction or serious damage of the attacking missile. "Kit for urban combat", developed by Uralvagonzavod, intended for the modernization of tanks (T-72, etc.). In this case, the survivability of vehicles on the battlefield will increase many times over. The latest in time is the Kolomna KBM KAZ Afganit being developed as part of the work on the Armata platform. According to rumors, the complex will include a millimeter-wave radar, counter-ammunition will be used to destroy targets, destroying the missile by detonation at a distance of 3-5 m, having a shock core, in contrast to the traditional spatial flow of fragments. The maximum speed of the intercepted target should be 1700 m / s.

Recently, it was reported that the Armata family of combat vehicles will receive ultraviolet direction finders that can intercept anti-tank missiles, rockets and grenades. They are based on ultraviolet photocathodes, which detect targets by the ionized air wake of a running engine. On the basis of the data obtained, the "Armata" active protection complex will shoot down the target with the help of a special projectile or shoot it from a large-caliber machine gun. Similar radars are installed on Russian fifth-generation fighters - Russian physicists have developed a device to protect aircraft from missiles., Rossiyskaya Gazeta, 17.04.2017, 16:16, Text: Nikolai Grishchenko.

Foreign developments of KAZ. At the same time, the development of such systems began to be dealt with in France, Germany, the United States and Israel. But the collapse of the USSR that broke out made all these attempts little relevant, and the subsequent cuts in military budgets almost completely buried these projects. The only exception is the Ukrainian system "Zaslon", which has been brought up to the level of existing models. Installed (non-serial samples) on the T-64BV of the Armed Forces of Ukraine, actively advertised for export. KAZ "Zaslon" has interesting features - anti-missile ammunition is not fired back, but is initiated directly on the surface of the combat vehicle. Also, according to the developers, the problem of destroying ammunition attacking from above has been resolved. Moreover, under the influence of a blast wave and a high-speed echeloned stream of fragments, ammunition with a solid metal body (BOPS) changes its trajectory and either goes outside the zone of the protected object, or meets the main armor at an unfavorable angle. This puts this system in the category of universal protective equipment. Some progress in terms of active defense systems in the West was outlined in 2004-2006. The constant shelling of convoys of American troops from RPG-7s in Iraq and the second Lebanese war with the massive use of ATGMs and the latest grenade launchers forced the Americans to accelerate development. But if in the USA the completion of the Quick Kill system requires serious work, then in Israel there are two such KAZ in working order: Trophy and Iron Fist. After the 2006 war, it was decided to equip the Israeli "Merkava 4" KAZ "Trophy", designed to destroy the ATGM / RPG shells threatening the tank, which made the Mk.4 the first foreign OT with active protection. It should be noted that the tank initially had the ability to install active protection, but due to insufficient funding, it was not equipped with it. Serial production of tanks equipped with KAZ "Trophy", designated "Merkava Mk.4M", began at the end of 2008, and in the spring of 2009 they began to enter the troops. The uniqueness of this Israeli system lies in its automatic reloading and, according to the manufacturers, in the ability to hit several targets at the same time.

Problems. All active protection systems have common disadvantages. For example, it is not clear how the system will act in case of strong shaking. Many ATGMs (for example, the FGM-148 Javelin) hit the roof of the tank, bypassing the protected area. A burst a few meters away from the tank is likely to damage the equipment on the roof, including the protective system. In addition, the use of an active protection system practically excludes the interaction of the tank with the accompanying infantry. The ultimate performance of the system with the need to recharge prevents multiple attacks from the same direction. This feature was taken into account when creating the RPG-30 with a leading projectile designed to ensure the activation of the tank's protection system at a safe distance for a rocket-propelled grenade.

To improve the characteristics of anti-tank ammunition when using them, laser rangefinders and target designators have become widely used [1].

This led to the fact that the KAZ began to install warning systems for laser irradiation of the object [2].

As noted in [3], tank equipment for recording laser irradiation has become an indispensable element of active protection complexes (KAZ) of armored vehicles.

State of the art.

From the existing prior art, the illuminating warhead of a rocket is known containing a housing, a calibrated element for attaching the housing to the engine, a fuse, a lighting composition, a parachute system with its attachment unit and an expelling charge (RU 2060443 C1, publ. 05/25/1996). The disadvantage of this technical solution is a low radiation power density, a limited spectral range (only the visible part of the spectrum) and a long glow duration (tens of seconds), which does not allow the use of this device for the tasks of suppressing optoelectronic devices. This ammunition can only be used to partially hinder the operation of the optical-visual channels of optical devices in a limited number of specific situations, for example, when observing at night through a night vision device, an increase in the area illumination due to the use of an illuminating ammunition will require some time to readjust the device to a new illumination level by reducing the active aperture of the diaphragm, the introduction of an attenuating filter into the path of the rays, the installation of a hood on the lens, etc. In addition, the action of the ammunition is not detected by the KAZ laser warning system and, therefore, the tank's protective ammunition is not fired.

From the existing prior art, a gas-dynamic cartridge with a light effect is known, containing a housing in which an initiation means in the form of a primer-igniter, an explosive charge (BB) and equipment with a light-forming substance in the form of magnesium powder (RU 2070709 C1, publ. 20.12. 1996). The known cartridge provides a pulsed light effect with a duration of several hundred milliseconds, which practically excludes the possibility of reconfiguring the optical-visual channels of optical devices to a new higher level of illumination. The disadvantage of this technical solution is the low efficiency of the application due to the small radius of action (units of meters), low energy characteristics of radiation when burning magnesium powder, a narrow spectral range, which does not allow using it to suppress optoelectronic devices. In addition, the glow of the cartridge is not detected by the KAZ laser warning system and, therefore, the tank's protective ammunition is not fired.

From the existing level of technology, an ammunition for suppressing optical-electronic means is known, containing a housing in which the initiation means, an explosive charge, an equipment with a light-generating substance, made in the form of a streamlined sealed composite capsule containing a head part of a transparent material and an end part in the form an element for attaching the capsule to the body with a bursting disc placed in it, while an inert gas or a mixture of gases with an average molecular weight of at least 100 atomic mass units on a carbon scale is used as a light-forming substance, the initiation means is made in the form of a deceleration device or a non-contact blasting sensor, and a high explosive with a specific energy content of at least 4 MJ / kg (RU 2121646 C1, 25.11.1997) was used as an explosive. The disadvantage of this technical solution, as in the previous devices, is that the glow of the ammunition is not detected by the KAZ laser warning system and, therefore, the tank's protective ammunition is not fired.

The closest to the claimed technical solution is a multiple rocket projectile (RU 2522537 C1, publ. 07/20/2014), taken as a prototype. The split rocket projectile contains a rocket engine with a bottom, a detachable warhead, which has a body with a bottom, explosives and striking elements, a parachute compartment with a compartment charge, a piston and a boost unit, as well as an explosive device having a conical and cylindrical parts of the body, in which contains an electronic temporary device with a safety-actuating mechanism, a reaction target sensor with a percussion mechanism and an executive unit equipped with powder charges, characterized in that the head part is equipped with a central gas duct, gas-dynamically connecting the volume of the accumulating glass of the housing with a piston working volume containing a charge compartment, and in the bottom of the head part there are axial channels connecting the piston volume with the rear compensatory zone of the rocket engine, while the executive unit, fixed in the tail part of the cylindrical tube of the fuse body, is made in the form of a double coaxial glass, in the middle In the central part of which there is a powder firecracker of the compartment charge ignition system, and in the peripheral annular channel, a detonator of the explosive blast system of the head part, while the bottom of the glass is made in the form of a bursting membrane with radial voltage concentrators, and the powder firecracker is additionally equipped with an amplifying powder charge, at the same time the executive unit is equipped valve mechanism, fixed in the central channel of the glass from the side of the expelling charge of the PIM and made in the form of a sleeve, on the opposite sides of which the firing pin and the primer-igniter are fixed, separated by a solid partition that interacts with the firing pin when the expelling charge is triggered and ensures, due to elastic deformation, the activation of KB and ignition of a powder firecracker, and in the area of the joint of the conical and cylindrical surfaces of the fuse body there is a thick-walled metal bridge with a central channel covered with a plug with a groove for placing electrical circuits, connection the electronic units of the fuse constituent elements, and in the conical part of the fuse body, above the thick-walled bridge, a weakened cross-section is made, for example, in the form of an annular groove, and the inner diameter of the central channel of the warhead gas duct is 0.8-1.1 times the diameter of the central channel of the coaxial glass , the thickness of the explosive layer from the outer diameter of the gas conduit to the average diameter of the annular detonator is 0.4-0.6 of the thickness of the detonator, the thickness of the elastic partition of the actuator is 0.09-0.12 of the diameter of the valve sleeve, and the length of the radial stress concentrators of the bursting disc does not exceed the radius of the powder firecracker. The split rocket projectile, taken as a prototype, functions as follows. After the launch and movement of the projectile along the trajectory at a given point, the separation system is triggered, as a result of which the threaded connection on the head part is destroyed, and it is separated from the rocket part. Further, a braking system (parachute) is introduced on the head part and it descends to the target with the required approach angle and optimal speed. In the target area, on command from an explosive device, a warhead is detonated. Thus, this projectile is capable of effectively hitting ground and surface targets. The disadvantage of this technical solution is that this ammunition is not detected by the KAZ laser warning system and, therefore, the tank's protective ammunition is not fired. This is due to the fact that there are no light sources in the head of the ammunition that trigger the KAZ laser warning system. Disclosure of the essence of the utility model.

The problem to be solved by the claimed utility model is the creation of a rocket capable of disarming automatic optoelectronic systems for active protection of tanks.

This problem is solved due to the fact that the declared rocket containing a warhead with an explosive device, a parachute compartment with separation and braking systems and a rocket propulsion unit with a stabilizer, characterized in that the warhead is made in the form of a laser warhead containing a body, pulsed lasers , the same type of lasers used in laser rangefinders and designators, lasers are located in a circle inside the body, laser radiation enters a multi-position mirror on a torsion suspension, a multi-position mirror using a cam wheel driven by an electric motor powered by an electric battery located in the center of the laser head , scans the laser beams and directs the laser beams through the cabinet windows into the surrounding area.

The technical result provided by the above set of features is the ability to disarm automatic optoelectronic systems for active protection of tanks.

Brief description of the drawings.

The essence of the utility model is illustrated by drawings, which show:

FIG. 1 - General view of the missile;

FIG. 2 - longitudinal section of the laser head of the missile;

FIG. 3 is a cross-section of the laser head of the missile;

FIG. 4 - the final stage of the missile flight;

FIG. 5 - the process of disarming automatic optoelectronic complexes of active protection of tanks.

1 - laser warhead of a missile;

2 - parachute compartment;

3 - engine compartment;

4 - case;

5 - top flange;

6 - glass;

7 - head fairing;

8 - holder;

9 - parachute switch;

10 - pulsed lasers;

11 - electric battery;

12 - multi-position mirror on torsion springs;

13 - stops;

14 - electric motor;

15 - cam wheel;

16 - windows transparent for laser radiation;

17 - rope of the parachute system;

18 - parachute system;

19 - tank;

20 - detection system with an automatic optoelectronic system for detecting laser radiation of the active protection complex (KAZ);

21 - information processing and control system of KAZ;

22 - KAZ weapons system.

Implementation of the utility model.

The projectile of FIG. 1 contains a laser head 1, a parachute compartment 2, an engine compartment 3.

The laser head of FIG. 2 and FIG. 3 contains a body 4, consisting of an upper flange 5, a glass 6, a head fairing 7, a holder 8 is fixed in a glass 6, a parachute switch 9 is fixed on the holder 8 in the upper part, pulsed lasers 10 are installed around the holder 8, and in the center of the holder 8 there is electric battery 11, a multi-position mirror 12 is attached to the lower part of the holder 8 on torsion springs, stops 13 are fixed in the bosses of the multi-position mirror 12, an electric motor 14 is installed on the flange of the multi-position mirror 12, an electric motor 14 is installed on the bottom of the electric motor shaft 14, a cam wheel 15 is installed in the glass 6 in the lower parts along the perimeter there are transparent windows 16 for the passage of laser radiation from pulsed lasers 10, a parachute system 18 is fixed on the parachute switch rod 9 with the help of a rope 17.

The proposed device uses pulsed lasers with a radiation wavelength of typical lasers of laser designators and laser illuminators, i.e. 1.06 μm, 1.54 μm, 3.3 μm, 10.6 μm, etc. The impulse response of pulsed lasers corresponds to the impulse response of typical laser designators and laser illuminators.

To prevent the operation of its own means of detecting laser irradiation, the pulsed lasers of the proposed device regularly transmit a pulse signal "their".

The structure of the parachute compartment 2 of FIG. 1 is well known, for example, RU 2141097 C1 publ. 10.11.1999, RU 2206476 publ. 20.06.2002, RU 2231744 C1 publ. 27.06.2004, RU 2545477 C1 publ. 03/27/2015, etc.

The engine compartment 3 of Fig. 1 is made unified with the serially produced rocket engine compartments.

It is known that, in the general case, the complex of active protection of armored vehicles contains FIG. 5, a detection system 20, an information processing and control system 21 and a weapon system 22. The information processing and control system 21 is usually located inside the tank 19, and in FIG. 5 is not shown.

The device works as follows. The projectile is launched towards the target of FIG. 4, stage A. After starting, after a predetermined time, the engine compartment 3 is separated in a known manner, FIG. 4, stage B. Further, in a known manner, the separation of the laser head part 1 and the parachute compartment 2 of FIG. 4, steps C and D. The laser head 1 pulls the parachute system 18 of FIG. 4, stage E. Under the action of the oncoming air flow, the parachute system 18 expands, and the laser head 1 begins to descend on the parachute system 18, FIG. 4, steps F and G. After unfolding the parachute system 18, after a predetermined time, the parachute switch 9 is activated, FIG. 2. The supply voltage from the electric battery 11 is supplied to the pulsed lasers 10 and the electric motor 14. After the supply voltage is applied, the pulsed lasers 10 begin to work, and the laser radiation enters the multi-position mirror 12, is reflected from it, passes into the transparent windows 16 and then enters the surrounding space. At the same time, the shaft of the electric motor 14 begins to rotate, the cam wheel 15 mounted on the shaft also begins to rotate, while the cams of the cam wheel 15 are pressed through the stops 13 on each individual mirror, the position of the mirrors changes, and the laser radiation is scanned in the vertical direction. When lowering the laser head 1 of FIG. 5 and scanning the laser radiation, the laser radiation emitted from the laser head 1 hits the laser radiation detection systems of the active protection complexes 20. The laser radiation detection system of the active protection complex 20 captures the laser radiation and transmits information about this to the control unit 21, the control unit 21 taking the radiation received for the laser radiation from the laser rangefinder or laser designator, fires the ammunition of the weapon system 22. The next time the laser radiation from the laser warhead 1 hits the laser radiation detection systems of the active protection complexes of 20 tanks, the process is repeated. Thus, the active protection complex of the tank is disarmed.

When the laser radiation enters the systems for detecting laser radiation of the active protection systems of their tanks, ammunition is not fired, since the laser radiation of the laser warhead 1 contains a signal "friend or foe".

The proposed laser warhead can be used with various means of delivery to the target, for example, rockets, artillery shots in a wide range of changes in their calibers, while the high delivery accuracy of the proposed laser warhead is not required. In addition, various other ways of using it are possible, both independently and in combination with traditional ammunition.

Sources of information.

1. Utemov S.V., Smagina T.Yu. Foreign laser systems for range-metering and target designation. Voronezh State Technical University Bulletin. 2011. T. 7. No. 1. S. 208-210.

2. Utemov S.V., Smagina T.Yu. Foreign receiving systems for warning about laser irradiation of an object. Voronezh State Technical University Bulletin. 2009. T. 5. No. 11. S. 91-98.

3. Abramov A.I., Gumenyuk G.A., Evdokimov V.I., Zborovskiy A.A. Experience in equipping armored vehicles with equipment for recording laser radiation. Bulletin of the Russian Academy of Rocket and Artillery Sciences. 2015. No. 2 (87). S. 50-56.

Claims (1)

A rocket projectile containing a warhead with an explosive device, a parachute compartment with separation and braking systems and a rocket propulsion system with stabilizers, characterized in that the warhead consists of a body containing pulsed lasers installed inside the circumference, similar to lasers used in laser rangefinders and target designators, a multi-position mirror on a torsion suspension, made with the possibility of scanning and directing laser beams through the windows in the housing into the surrounding space, as well as rotation through the cam wheel from an electric motor powered by an electric battery installed in the center of the head part.

Images