RU2121646C1 - Ammunition for suppression of opticoelectron facilities - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: functional suppression of opticoelectron facilities of observation, intelligence, target laying, guidance and optico-visual channels of optical instruments. SUBSTANCE: ammunition includes body with delay unit, explosive charge and sealed capsule of clear material filled with inert gas and aligned with body with the aid of end face part having form of attachment member. End face part of capsule houses bursting membrane. Metal film with transparency range in region of wave lengths from 0.2 to 10.0 μm may be fixed on internal surface of head part of capsule. Ammunition provides for generation of powerful pulse radiation of wide spectral range with emission of heavy inert gas or mixture of gases heated by percussion. EFFECT: generation of powerful pulse radiation of wide spectral range. 2 cl, 2 dwg

Description

 The invention relates to weapons, in particular to unconventional ammunition for artillery weapons, aircraft cannon weapons, melee weapons (grenade launchers), as well as to combat units of guided and unguided missiles and shells and can be used for the functional suppression of optoelectronic surveillance devices , reconnaissance, target designation, guidance and optical-visual channels of optical instruments.

 Known lighting warhead missiles containing a housing, calibrated element for attaching the housing to the engine, fuse, lighting composition, parachute system with its mount and knockout charge (patent RU 2060443, class F 42 B 12/42).

A disadvantage of the known ammunition is its low radiation power density, limited spectral range (only the visible part of the spectrum) and a long glow time (tens of seconds), which does not allow using this device for the suppression of optoelectronic devices. This ammunition can only be used to partially impede the operation of the optical-visual channels of optical devices in a limited number of specific situations (for example, when observing at night through a night vision device, increasing the illumination of the terrain due to the use of lighting ammunition will take some time to reconfigure the device to a new level of illumination by reducing the actual aperture opening, introducing the attenuating light filter into the rays, attaching a lens hood to the lens, etc.)
Also known is a gas-dynamic cartridge with light action, comprising a housing in which initiation means in the form of an igniter capsule, explosive charge (BB) and equipment with a light-forming substance in the form of magnesium powder (patent RU 2070709, class F 42 B 5 / 145).

 The well-known cartridge provides pulsed light exposure lasting several hundred milliseconds, which virtually eliminates the possibility of reconfiguring the optical-visual channels of optical devices to a new higher level of illumination. However, a disadvantage of the known device is its low efficiency due to the small radius of action (units of meters), low energy characteristics of radiation during the combustion of magnesium powder, a narrow spectral range, which does not allow its use to suppress optoelectronic devices.

 The present invention is the suppression of optical-electronic means and the expansion of the scope by providing the generation of powerful pulsed radiation of a wide spectral range, covering the spectral ranges of all modern and promising optical-electronic means of military use, and increasing the spectral intensity of radiation. The solution to this problem is achieved by using the radiation of shock-heated heavy inert gas or a mixture of gases.

 The invention is illustrated by graphic materials, where in FIG. 1 is a schematic sectional view of an ammunition of optoelectronic suppression with a pointed warhead for automatic guns; FIG. 2 - the same with a blunt warhead, for example, for grenade launchers.

 The munition contains a housing 1 in which initiating means are placed in the form of a deceleration device 2, an explosive charge (BB) 3 and equipment with a light-forming substance in the form of a streamlined airtight capsule 4, the head part 5 of which is made of a transparent material, for example silica glass or synthetic polymers and the end part is made in the form of a threaded fastening element 6 of the capsule 4 to the housing 1. In the end part of the capsule 4 there is a bursting membrane 7. The cavity of the capsule 4 is filled with a heavy inert gas, for example xenon or krypton, or a mixture of gases with an average molecular weight of at least 100 atomic mass units on a carbon scale.

 The proposed ammunition uses a blasting explosive with a high specific energy content (at least 4 MJ / kg), for example, hexogen.

 As a means of initiating an explosive charge, any device known to be used in the art for slowing down an electric, mechanical, electromechanical, pyrotechnic, electronic or other principle of action can be used, providing the necessary time for initiating a charge 3 relative to the moment the munition is fired. In some applications, the initiation time should be adjustable.

 In addition, a non-contact detonation sensor of any kind, for example, optoelectronic or radar, can be used as a means of initiating an explosive charge. The constructive implementation of such a non-contact sensor does not matter for the solution of the task in the above way, it is only important to provide charge 3 undermining at the right time.

 A translucent coating in the form of a thin (up to 10 μm) metal film 8, for example, lead, with a spectral region of transparency from ultraviolet (0.2-0.3 μm) to the infrared region of the spectrum (10) can be applied on the inner surface of the head part 5 of capsule 4 microns or more) and the absorption region in the range of the short-wave portion of the ultraviolet spectrum (shorter than 0.2 microns).

 To complete the light-transmitting material from damage during storage, transportation and maintenance, the munition can be equipped with a protective cap 9 (Fig. 2).

 For use in grenade launchers, the ammunition can be equipped with a propelling charge 10 (Fig. 2).

 The proposed ammunition works as follows.

 At the moment of the shot of the ammunition in the direction of the target from the influence of powder gases on the bottom of the munition, the deceleration device 2 is launched. After a set delay time, the deceleration device initiates the detonation of charge 3. As a result of detonation of charge 3, detonation products with a temperature of more than 3000 K are formed, while in the detonation zone pressure and density rises sharply. Under the influence of detonation products, the membrane 7 breaks and in an inert gas a shock wave moving towards the capsule nose is formed, the speed of which depends mainly on the type and size of the explosive charge 3 and the initial inert gas pressure in the capsule 4. For example, with an ammunition caliber of 30 mm and the initial xenon pressure of 1 bar, the average velocity of the shock wave is 7.48 km / s, the temperature of shock-compressed xenon behind the front of the shock wave is about 42000 K. At this temperature, shock-heated xenon emits intense shortwave spectral range from ultraviolet (UV) to far infrared (IR) region. When the shock wave reaches the wall of the capsule 4, a reflected shock wave arises, behind the front of which the xenon experiences additional compression and warms up to a temperature of about 65,000 K.

 The radiation of shock-heated inert gas passes through the transparent head part 5 of the capsule 4 in the passband of its material and falls on the object of influence, causing its functional suppression.

 The duration of the radiation pulse is limited by the moment of destruction of the capsule 4 by the detonation wave and for ammunition of caliber 30 - 57 mm is about 10 - 15 μs. The total radiation power in the air transparency range is about 10 MW for a 30 mm projectile and about 40 MW for a 57 mm caliber. The total energy emitted in the air transparency band for a 30 mm projectile is about 170 J and about 900 - 1000 J for a 57 mm caliber. Such parameters of the ammunition radiation make it possible to effectively suppress military optical and electronic means within a radius of tens and hundreds of meters, depending on the caliber of the ammunition, the type and specific parameters of the suppressed medium.

 In the case of ammunition with a thin film of metal 8 on the inner surface of the head part 5 of the capsule, the efficiency of its use increases due to the fact that under the influence of hard UV radiation with a wavelength shorter than 0.2 μm, the thin film evaporates and the metal vapor absorbs short-wave UV radiation, heats up and effectively studied in the transparency range of the capsule material (from 0.2 μm to 10 μm, depending on the type of specific material of the capsule). Thus, a partial redistribution of the emission spectrum from the region of short-wave UV radiation, which does not pass through the capsule material, to the region of the near UV, visible and near IR spectral ranges, in which all the potential optical-electronic means of observation, reconnaissance, target designation, guidance and optical-visual channels of optical devices. Due to this distribution, an additional increase in radiation power and energy is achieved in the listed spectral ranges, which leads to an increase in the radius of action of the ammunition.

 The fragments formed after the destruction of the structural elements of the ammunition can have an additional damaging effect on the targets.

 The proposed ammunition can be used with various means of delivery to the target, for example rockets, artillery rounds in a wide range of changes in their calibers (from 30 mm), and in contrast to conventional ammunition, high accuracy of delivery of the proposed ammunition is not required. At the same time, various methods of its use are possible, both independently and in combination with traditional ammunition.

 The following are examples of the possible use of the proposed ammunition suppression of optoelectronic devices.

 Example 1. The ammunition of the artillery armament of the anti-aircraft missile and cannon complex includes the proposed ammunition. An object protected by an anti-aircraft missile-cannon complex is attacked by a helicopter equipped to reduce its vulnerability to guided missiles with semi-active homing heads (GOS) with a laser radiation detection device and active jamming devices. The helicopter is fired by ammunition optoelectronic suppression. When exposed to powerful pulsed incoherent radiation of a wide spectrum generated by the proposed ammunition, the laser radiation detection device loses its operability (temporarily or permanently), which excludes the possibility of using active jamming means (infrared traps). As a result, the helicopter's vulnerability increases, and the use of guided missiles with semi-active laser seekers is carried out in the normal mode of absence of interference.

 Example 2. The jamming system of the group defense complex of ground-based weapons (tanks, artillery, anti-aircraft missile systems, etc.) from precision weapons is equipped with the proposed ammunition. The enemy launches guided air-to-ground, ground-to-ground guided missiles with optical seekers on the protected object. In the direction of the attacking missiles, ammunition for suppressing optoelectronic means is fired, and when triggered, a series of spatially separated powerful flashes of broad-spectrum radiation is formed. When at least one flash hits the GSN field of view, the GOOS photodetector is illuminated by a powerful pulse of a wide spectral composition and enters saturation, losing the ability to distinguish between the target, which leads to a disruption of the homing mode and missed missile.

 Example 3. The airborne defense system of the aircraft (helicopter) is equipped with the proposed ammunition. When an aircraft (helicopter) is attacked by guided ground-to-air, air-to-air missiles with optical non-contact detonators, optoelectronic suppression ammunition is fired in the direction of the attacking missile. When a non-contact optical fuse of a wide spectrum of radiation from a munition detonates into the receiving system’s receiving system’s view, an unauthorized (premature) detonation of the attacking missile’s warhead occurs.

 The above examples do not exhaust the possible cases of the effective use of the proposed ammunition optoelectronic suppression.

 The proposed ammunition is characterized by high specific energy characteristics, technologically advanced to manufacture, reliably functions in various weather and climatic conditions, and can be used in a variety of combat situations.

Claims (2)

 1. An ammunition suppression of optoelectronic devices, comprising a housing in which initiating means, an explosive charge, equipment with a light-forming substance are sequentially installed, made in the form of a streamlined sealed composite capsule containing a head part of a transparent material and an end part in the form of a capsule fastening element to the housing with a bursting disc located in it, while an inert gas or a mixture of gases with an average molecular weight of not m less than 100 atomic mass units on a carbon scale, the initiating means is made in the form of a deceleration device or a non-contact detonation sensor, and a blasting explosive with a specific energy content of at least 4 MJ / kg was used as an explosive.  2. The ammunition according to claim 1, characterized in that the inner surface of the head of the capsule is coated with a metal film of a thickness of not more than 10 microns with a transparency range in the wavelength range of 0.2 - 10.0 microns.

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