RU2384986C1 - Tillage machine for grinding of long-stalked stubble remains - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: machine comprises bearing system with trailing device, support wheels, control mechanism and four-row disk device. Disk device has stands installed into individual holders of bearing system, with tilling-grinding working elements in the form of disks. Convexity of disks in odd and even rows is directed towards opposite sides. Working elements of two front rows are arranged with uneven cutting edge, and in two subsequent rows - with even cutting edge. Disks of the third and fourth rows are displaced relative disks of the first and second rows for processing of the first and second rows that have not been processed with disks and combs for provision of solid treatment of land soil. Disks with uneven and even cutting edges are installed on horizontal axles with stands with the possibility to control angle of their arrangement to cutting plane and to motion line.

EFFECT: such design makes it possible to improve quality of soil cultivation with simultaneous grinding of long-stalked stubble remains.

2 cl, 7 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to tillage machines for tillage with simultaneous grinding of crop residues, including and stalks of corn and sunflower.

A known tillage machine (RU 2195798 C2, АВВ 49/02, 79/00, 7/00), including a supporting system - a rectangular welded frame, support wheels, a control mechanism, a hydraulic track, disk holders and other working bodies for loosening the soil, i.e. for various purposes.

The disadvantages of the known tillage machine should include the fact that the presence of a significant number of working bodies on the supporting system increases the dimensions of the machine, complicates maintenance, clogging of the working bodies occurs, which reduces the quality of the machines.

Known tillage machine for cultivating the soil with crushing crop residues, comprising a carrier system with a tow hitch, support wheels, a control mechanism, a four-row disc, having racks installed in the individual holders of the carrier system, with loosening-grinding working bodies in the form of disks, and the bulge of the disks the odd and even rows are directed in different directions (RU 66882 U1, 10.10.2007, p.7).

A disadvantage of the known tillage machine is that during simultaneous processing and grinding revealed during testing poor-quality performance of these two important operations.

To eliminate these drawbacks and obtain positive effects, the working bodies of the front two rows are made with an uneven cutting edge, and the next two rows are made with a smooth cutting edge, while the disks of the third and fourth rows are offset relative to the disks of the first and second rows for processing the raw disks of the first and second a number of strips and ridges to ensure continuous tillage of the plot; as well as disks with uneven and even cutting edges mounted on horizontal axes with racks with the ability to control their setting to the cutting plane to the line of movement.

The implementation of the machine with the working bodies in the form of a four-row discator makes it possible to loosen the soil and orient the stems in the space for grinding, and for loosening the soil and mixing the stems with crushed stems, special-purpose working bodies are used, which leads to a number of difficulties when operating the machine in various climatic conditions when cultivating crops on the background of stubble, crop residues of long-stemmed crops.

The implementation of the loosening-grinding working bodies in the form of four-row discs mounted on individual holders of the supporting system allows both loosening of the soil and grinding of crop residues and plants with their root system.

The installation of disks with an uneven cutting edge in the first two rows makes it possible to improve not only the crumbling of the soil, but also the quality of grinding of crop residues and plants.

Installing discs with a smooth cutting edge in the third and fourth row of a tillage machine allows you to get a loosened layer with a flat cut plane of the processed layer.

The location of the direction of the convexity of the disks of even and odd rows in different directions ensures the operation of the disks in various soil and climatic conditions, regardless of the period of preparation of the soil and grinding of plant residues.

The arrangement of the disks disks relative to each other so that the line of the first row of disks with an uneven cutting edge is located adjacent to the line of action of the third row with a flat cutting edge (see from left to right), and then the sequence of lines of arrangement of the second and fourth rows of disks etc., grinding of crop residues and plants of various heights with agrotechnical indicators is ensured not lower than during the operation of rotary shredders with drive of working bodies from the tractor PTO shaft.

The design of the disks disks on horizontal axes and their execution with irregular and even cutting edges, with the possibility of their racks having adjustment of the angles of setting to the cutting plane and to the line of movement, improves the quality of soil crumbling by working planes and grinding of crop residues by the cutting edges of the disks depending on working conditions in various areas of the country.

Figure 1 shows a tillage machine for grinding long-stubble crop residues (side view).

Figure 2 presents a structural diagram of a tillage machine (top view).

Figure 3 presents the supporting system of the machine: a - side view; b - top view; in - view along arrow A ← and Ο.

Figure 4 presents the technological feature of the tillage machine: a - during operation of all four rows of discs; b - the first row of discs with an uneven cutting edge; in - the second row of disks with an uneven cutting edge; g - the third row of discs with a smooth cutting edge; d - the fourth row with a smooth cutting edge.

Figure 5 presents the layout of the discs and the supporting wheels of the clavicle on the supporting system of the tillage machine.

The tillage machine for grinding long-stubble crop residues contains a support system 1, a tow hitch 2, a bale 3, support wheels 4, a control mechanism 5, individual holders 6, disks 7 with an uneven cutting edge 8, disks with a smooth cutting edge 9, a bulge 10. Strips 11, 12, 13, 14 of the plot are processed by the discs of the first, third, second, fourth rows, respectively. There is also a rack 15 and an axis 16.

The bearing system 1 is the basis for connecting all the nodes and parts of the tillage machine. The supporting system is a rigid rectangular frame of a welded structure of longitudinal and transverse bars. The second of them are equipped with individual holders of 6 racks 15 of disks, on the axes 16 of which are fixed disks 7 with an uneven 8 and even cutting edges. A snake 3 is attached to the front beam of the carrier system 3 with a towing device 2. The bracket snake 3 is rigidly fixed to the front beam, the frame of the support wheels 4 with the mechanism 5 for controlling the operation of the four-row disc holder 6 is mounted on the third transverse beam of the carrier system, the disks 7 of which process sections with strips 11 , 12, 13, 14, respectively, in the first, third, second and fourth rows. Disks 7 of the first and second rows - with an uneven cutting edge 8; disks 7 of the third and fourth rows - with a smooth cutting edge 9. The proposed structural and technological scheme of the disk drive allows you to perform two important technological processes in one pass at the same time.

The work of the tillage machine is as follows.

When loosening the soil after the start of movement and deepening, discs 7 with an uneven cutting edge 8 of the first row are introduced into the soil and process the strip 11 (see figure 4, b). This leaves the ridges with a width greater than the width of the disc 7. The disks of the second row with an uneven cutting edge 8 reduce the ridges (Fig. 4, c). After processing the soil with discs 7 of the first and second rows, the ridges remain honey bands 11 and 12. The remaining strips 13, 14 and ridges process the discs 7 of the third and fourth rows with smooth cutting edges 9, so that a continuous treated area with a flat day surface and a flat bottom is obtained (see figure 4, g, d).

When grinding long-stemmed residues at the moment of soil loosening, the stems fall into the recesses of the roughness of the edges and are pressed into the soil, during the cuts of the stem, it is pulled and sent under the cutting edge of the second row of discs 7 and is cut after being pressed, and thus the stalks are crushed, which are finally crushed smooth cutting edges 9 discs 7 of the third and fourth rows. In addition, with their working bodies with irregular and even edges, discs mix shredded crop residues with soil, since the convexity of 10 disks of even and odd rows is directed in different directions.

In addition, the implementation of the arrangement of disks with different directions of the disks allows to increase the stability of the machine along the width of the grip when crumbling soil and grinding crop residues.

The proposed tillage machine for grinding long-stubble crop residues will improve the environmental situation in areas using four-field crop rotation, which ensures stable production of grain and oilseeds, including crops from which fuel is obtained for traction in agricultural production.

Claims (2)

1. A tillage machine for grinding long-stubble crop residues, comprising a support system with a tow hitch, support wheels, a control mechanism, a four-row disc, having racks installed in individual holders of the support system, with loosening and grinding working bodies in the form of disks, and the bulge of the discs is odd and even rows directed in different directions, characterized in that the working bodies of the front two rows are made with an uneven cutting edge, and the next two rows are made with an even cut s edge, wherein the wheels of the third and fourth rows are shifted relative to drive the first and second rows for treating untreated discs of the first and second series of bands and ridges to provide continuous soil processing portion. 2. The tillage machine according to claim 1, characterized in that the disks with an uneven and even cutting edges are mounted on horizontal axes with uprights with the possibility of adjusting the angle of their setting to the cutting plane and to the line of movement.

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