RU2784730C1 - Disc harrow with optimal arrangement of elements - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: tillage tool (10) with a central longitudinal axis contains working bodies (28), in particular disc tools arranged in at least three rows (30.1…30.3) with at least two rows (30.1…30.3) following each other in working direction (A), perpendicular to working direction (A), and a running gear with at least one or two main wheels (20.1, 20.2) located perpendicular to working direction (A) and displaced relatively to central longitudinal axis (22) within wheel distance (dr). The running gear is located relatively to working bodies (28) in such a way that there is at least one specified row (30.1…30.3) of working bodies in front of the running gear relatively to working direction (A), as well as on the left and right of it. All working bodies (28), which, in working direction (A), are located in row (30.1), which is the most remote from the running gear, are located within side working body distance (ds) from central longitudinal axis (22), which is less than or equal to side wheel distance (dr). The running gear is within at least one of rows of working bodies (30.1…30.3), perpendicular to working direction (A). Row of tools (30.1…30.3) located along working direction (A) the furthest from the running gear, in front of it does not go out of limits of the running gear along a width across working direction (A).

EFFECT: high maneuverability, careful starting, and uniform tillage, as well as compactness and efficiency of a tool.

10 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The present invention relates to a tillage implement with working bodies, in particular with disc tools arranged in several rows following each other in the working direction and located transverse to the working direction, as well as with a running gear with at least one main wheel.

The present invention generally relates to a tillage implement designed to till the soil while driving behind a tractor with a drawbar. In particular, this tool can be a disc harrow, and the invention described below can also apply to similar tillage tools, that is, tools of a similar design and (or) a similar arrangement of working bodies, for example, sowing discs, hollow discs, crosscutters, rollers, harvesters windrows or sprockets, grading tools or leveling boards. In this case, the soil-cultivating implement is located on a height-adjustable undercarriage, which can also be used for transporting the soil-cultivating implement on roads and streets in the transport position.

In combination with the present invention, the known mechanisms for soil-cultivating implements can be of particular advantage, for example, traction boosters, with which the distribution of forces or masses between the tractor and the soil-cultivating implement can be adjusted or changed, folding mechanisms, with which it is possible to reduce the width of the implement for transport on public roads and increase it for efficient tillage, as well as additional bodies, for example, tools for grading, rollers, in particular for depth guidance, harrows, etc. Thus, the present invention is particularly well suited for tillage implements with similar mechanisms.

From EP 3122168 A1, a soil-cultivating implement with disc working bodies is known, in which individual discs are fixed on a frame and distributed over an area specified by this frame. The disadvantage of this tool is the overhang design, due to the fact that the undercarriage is behind the frame. This design leads, among other things, to the fact that the “tractor + tillage implement” joint has a large turning radius, which reduces efficiency during operation, especially when turning in the field.

There are other variants of tillage implements where the undercarriage is in front of the roller for depth guidance, which improves articulation maneuverability. A similar solution is described in EP 3152990 A1. Similar approaches exist for cultivators. However, the disadvantage of these tools is that the arrangement of the cultivator's paws or other working bodies on the frame does not provide high-quality uniform tillage.

Thus, the object of the present invention is to provide a tillage tool with working bodies located so as to provide high maneuverability, accurate starting and uniform tillage. Another object of the invention is to make optimum use of the frame area so that the tool is as compact and efficient as possible.

This problem is solved by creating a tillage tool according to paragraph 1 or 2 of the claims. Preferred embodiments of the invention are described in the subclauses.

A soil-cultivating implement from the technical field described above with working implements, in particular with disk implements, which are arranged in several rows perpendicular to the working direction and following one after the other in the working direction, and a running gear with at least one main wheel that is transverse to the working direction displaced laterally from the central longitudinal axis by the distance of the wheel, and the undercarriage is located relative to the working tools so that relative to the working direction in front, as well as to the left and right of the undercarriage, there is at least one working body; according to the invention, the soil-cultivating implement is designed such that all the working bodies that are located in the row furthest from the running gear in the working direction are located at a distance from the central longitudinal axis, which is less than or equal to the lateral distance of the wheel.

Since all the working bodies that are in the row furthest from the undercarriage in the working direction are located at a distance from the central longitudinal axis, which is less than or equal to the lateral distance of the wheel, these implements can be moved further forward relative to the rows of implements occupying the entire working width without impairing the maneuverability of the tillage implement. Thanks to this, it is possible to integrate the undercarriage into the rows of working tools. Working implements, evenly and symmetrically arranged in each row, located in the place of the running gear, that is, in particular in the place of the main wheel or several main wheels, as well as between the main wheels, can be located in front of the frontmost complete row and, if they are located in according to the invention, such an arrangement does not impair maneuverability, uniformity and lateral slip.

In other words, starting, for example, with a two-row disc harrow with working bodies symmetrically located relative to the central longitudinal axis, there are several working bodies in front of the previously front row, which makes it possible to free up space for the undercarriage in the middle without reducing the maneuverability of the joint, as well as the uniformity and soil quality.

In this connection, the main wheel or several main wheels are to be understood as a wheel or wheels which, in contrast to the support wheel or wheels, continuously bear a large weight during tillage or at least during transport or turning.

The aforementioned wheel distance refers to the distance between the outer edge of the main wheel and the central longitudinal axis. Thus, the width of the respective main wheel is included in the wheel distance. Similarly, in this regard, the distance of the working body refers to the distance between the outer edge of the corresponding body and the central longitudinal axis.

Thus, the requirement that all working bodies that are located in the row furthest from the running gear in the working direction are located at a distance from the central longitudinal axis, which is less than or equal to the lateral distance of the wheel, is fulfilled if all these bodies are within frames with defined intervals between the central longitudinal axis and the outer edge of the main wheel or (outer) main wheels.

The design according to the invention not only ensures the maneuverability of the tool, lateral withdrawal during operation and uniformity of tillage. It also guarantees high stability, since the front implements, when viewed in the working direction, are located in the front part of the triangle between the outer support points of the undercarriage and the pivot point of the tillage implement on the tractor, etc., e.g. at the end of the tillage implement's drawbar. As a result, the undercarriage can work the soil stably.

Preferably, the undercarriage has two main wheels located at the same distance from the central longitudinal axis. The two main wheels increase the longitudinal stability of the tillage implement without the need for a very wide main wheel.

Another soil-cultivating implement according to the invention has a central longitudinal axis, working bodies, in particular disc tools, arranged in several rows following each other in the working direction and located transversely to the working direction, as well as with a running gear with at least two main wheels located on both sides of the working direction. The undercarriage is located relative to the working bodies so that relative to the working direction in front, as well as to the left and right of the undercarriage, there is at least one working body, so that the undercarriage is located within at least one of the rows of working bodies, perpendicular to the working direction, and the row of tools, located in the working direction farthest from the chassis in front, does not extend beyond the limits of the chassis in width.

With regard to this soil-cultivating implement according to the invention, it should be noted that the width of the undercarriage depends on which zone across the working direction in the row in which the undercarriage is located, there are no working bodies, that is, on how many working bodies are missing in the area of the undercarriage compared to a continuous series of working bodies.

In other words, the working tools are removed from the row surrounding the undercarriage on the sides, and placed in front of the initially front row of working tools. Thus, compared to the arrangement in EP 3122168 A1, the running gear can be moved forward in the working direction, which makes it possible to reduce the distance of the wheel, i.e. the distance between the undercarriage and the drawbar or rear axle of the tractor and improve the maneuverability of the articulation without reducing the quality of tillage, since the implements farthest from the undercarriage are located in front of the usually front row of implements and, therefore, are not allowed to pass.

For leveling the soil after tillage, leveling tools can be positioned behind the tillage tools in a known manner. Windrows, guide sheets and/or harrows are particularly suitable for this.

At the same time, it should be noted that the working body, which is displaced relative to other bodies in the same row in the working direction by max. half the distance between the rows of working bodies, should still be considered as being in the same row.

In the preferred embodiment, both sides relative to the central longitudinal axis have the same number of working bodies. This means that, for example, with an odd number of working bodies in a row in the center, that is, on the central longitudinal axis, working bodies can be located. In this way, the lateral withdrawal of the tillage implement can be prevented.

It is preferable that at least one support wheel be located to the left and right of the central longitudinal axis next to the row of implements located in the working direction farthest from the undercarriage and in the same position in this direction there should be at least one support wheel so that the front support wheels are on the sides of the working bodies of this row .

Support wheels increase the stability of the soil-cultivating tool and ensure the direction of the working bodies in depth not only with the help of the chassis, that is, the main wheels and (or) the guide roller. If one or more road wheels and/or one or more depth rollers are located behind the main wheel, it is possible to compensate for the negative load on the supports during operation. To this end, it is preferable that the support wheel or wheels or the depth guide roller or rollers be about 30 cm behind the main wheel or wheels. This distance provides the desired effect without the need for particularly large forces from the road wheel(s) or depth guide roller(s) if the lever arm between the road wheel/roller and the main wheel is small, and without sacrificing a compact design if the lever arm is between support wheel/roller and main wheel is increased.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, some working bodies are located on the middle segment of the frame, and two or more bodies form a row located farthest from the running gear in the working direction. Further, it is preferable that there are several working bodies on the left and right frame segments. Preferably, the side frame segments fold in relation to the middle frame segment along an axis parallel to the working direction so that the tillage implement can be moved between the working and transport position, while it is preferable that the undercarriage is on the middle frame segment, and on the side frame segments there are support wheels. At the same time, lateral alignment is performed to maintain the working depth perpendicular to the main working direction on uneven ground/surface.

This preferential distribution of working tools ensures uniform and efficient tillage, as the design of the tillage tool is symmetrical, very maneuverable and compact, and also has a large working width.

It is also preferable that the working bodies furthest from the central longitudinal axis and located in the row furthest from the undercarriage in the working direction are coaxial with the main wheels of the undercarriage. With this design, the soil thrown out by the working bodies is in front of the main wheels of the undercarriage and is compacted by them, which makes the processing more uniform, since otherwise the main wheels would compact the surface without additional soil, which would lead to ruts without additional measures.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the working bodies are arranged obliquely and preferably are hollow discs that specify the direction of ejection, with the ejection direction of the rear row organs directed towards the central longitudinal axis, and the ejection direction of the organs located one after the other rows alternately directed from the central longitudinal axis, then towards her.

In other words, with a mirror-symmetric arrangement of the working bodies relative to the central longitudinal axis, it is possible to change the direction of the ejection of the working bodies along the working direction from row to row.

Thanks to this design and the arrangement of the working bodies, it is possible to achieve the most uniform and at the same time efficient tillage by the working bodies. The well-known problem of soil accumulation in the center or at the edges of the working area (formation of an embankment) is eliminated due to the preferred arrangement of the working bodies, since their front row and the row, in which the undercarriage is also located, occupies only part of the total width of the working area of the tillage tool.

Preferably, the main wheel or wheels of the undercarriage and/or the depth guide roller or rollers are used for depth guidance of the implements, with optional road wheels providing support. The depth direction roller or rollers should preferably be positioned behind the undercarriage in the working direction so that the position of the lever for transmitting the force required for depth direction is most efficient. Since the depth-guiding roller is not needed as a support for the soil-cultivating implement, it, being located behind the undercarriage, does not adversely affect the maneuverability of the soil-cultivating implement or the joint consisting of this implement and tractor.

However, it is also possible to displace the roller located behind the undercarriage at a width that reaches the width of the undercarriage, further forward than the rollers or parts of the rollers outside the width of the undercarriage, that is, at a greater distance from the central longitudinal axis.

One or more rollers and/or harrows may be used as leveling tools behind the tillage units.

In the preferred embodiment, at least one of the additional tools, which is located on the central longitudinal axis or immediately adjacent to it, is displaced relative to other additional tools in its row forward or backward in the working direction, preferably by 1/3 ... 1/2 its length along the working direction. The offset size is preferably 30% or more, more preferably 50% or more, of the diameter of the accessory tool if it is disc-shaped. In this way, the risk of soil winding up on nearby additional tools can be prevented or reduced.

The present invention relates to a tillage implement with working bodies located so as to provide high maneuverability, accurate starting and uniform tillage. For the most compact design and efficient production of the implement, optimal use of the frame area is achieved.

Other advantages and embodiments of the invention are given in the following descriptions of the figures and claims.

Figure 1 shows a top view of the tillage tool in the first preferred embodiment.

Figure 2 shows a top view of the tillage tool in the second preferred embodiment.

In the following description, the same designations for the same or corresponding components are used and duplicate descriptions are omitted.

Figure 1 shows a top view of the disc harrow 10 in the first preferred embodiment. The disc harrow 10 has a frame 14 with a middle segment, a left side segment and a right side segment, on which are numerous hollow discs 28. The directions "left" and "right" refer to the working direction A, in which the disc harrow 10 moves during operation. To this end, the disc harrow 10 is connected in a known manner to the drawbar of the tractor by means of a drawbar. The side segments of the frame are connected to the middle segment by folding axes K1 and K2 with the possibility of movement by the executive bodies from the horizontal working position to the vertical transport position and vice versa.

The frame 14 has a chassis that receives the load from the disc harrow 10. The chassis has two main wheels 20.1, 20.2 located at the same distance from the central longitudinal axis 22 on the left and right, and the distance from the central longitudinal axis 22 is dr and the wheels carry the axis of the middle frame segment. In addition to the undercarriage, the disc harrow also has a pair of front support wheels 32.1, 32.2. Thanks to the hinged action of the folding axes K1 and K2, it is possible to change the working depth of the respective frame segments depending on the unevenness of the soil that occurs perpendicular to the main working direction using the support wheels 32.1, 32.2, as well as the executive bodies.

In this embodiment, the hollow discs 28 are arranged in three rows 30.1, 30.2, 30.3, which are perpendicular to the working direction A and are arranged one after the other in the working direction A. Behind the rear row 30.3, the width of which determines the working width of the disc harrow 10, there are more direction rollers in depth, in addition, leveling and other additional tools can be provided.

In the back row 30.3 there are 16 hollow discs 28 at equal distances dO between them, with eight hollow discs 28 located to the left of the central longitudinal axis 22, and eight hollow discs 28 to the right of the central longitudinal axis 22.

In the center of the rear row 30.3 is the running gear with the main wheels 20.1, 20.2, that is, the running gear breaks the back row 30.3, and the width of the running gear is perpendicular to the working direction A. In the embodiment shown in figure 1, the running gear is located on both sides of the central of the longitudinal axis 22 at a distance d1 from the axle 22. In other words, in the back row 30.3, some hollow disks 28 are missing, which would be located in the back row 30.3 in the absence of a running gear. In the embodiment shown in FIG. 1, these hollow discs 28 form a row 30.1 furthest from the chassis in working direction A. Thus, from a structural point of view, the hollow discs 28 from the middle part of the rear row 30.3, in which the main wheels 20.1, 20.2 and which is located at the width of the chassis, retreating from the central longitudinal axis 22 in both directions by a distance d1, are located in front of the row 30.2, which would otherwise be the front, and in this situation becomes the middle row 30.2. The rows 30.1, 30.2, 30.3 are thus retained, with the rear row 30.3 with two side disc sections and the front row 30.1 with the central disc section forming a complete row.

Located in the working direction A behind the rear row 30.3, the depth direction roller, like rows 30.1,30.2, 30.3, rests on frame segments 14 and, together with hollow disks 28, rows 30.1, 30.2, 30.3 can be brought into a vertical transport position when the side segments are folded frames around axes K1, K2 up.

Hollow disks 28 rows 30.1, 30.2, 30.3 define the direction of the ejection. The hollow disks 28 of the back row 30.3 are oriented and positioned so that their direction of ejection is directed inwards, i.e. towards the central longitudinal axis 22.

In front of the back row 30.3 is a continuous middle row 30.2 extending over the entire working width. The hollow discs 28 of the middle row 30.2 define the ejection direction oriented outward, i.e. away from the central longitudinal axis 22.

In front of the middle row 30.2 is the front row 30.1, and the direction of ejection of the hollow discs 28 of the front row 30.1, as well as the hollow discs 28 of the back row 30.3, is oriented inward towards the central longitudinal axis 22. For the hollow discs 28 of the front row 30.1, the lateral distance ds of all hollow discs 28 is relative to the central longitudinal axis 22 is less than or equal to the distance of the wheel dr. Alternatively or in addition, the width of the front row 30.1 can be chosen so that the lateral distance ds of all hollow discs 28 from the central longitudinal axis 22 is less than the distance of the tools d1 corresponding to the distance of the hollow discs 28 of the back row 30.3 which are closest to the central longitudinal axis 22. The front row 30.1 is incomplete, in this embodiment it extends to less than half the working width of the disc harrow 10.

This preferred embodiment allows a large number of hollow discs 28 of the disc harrow 10 to be arranged very evenly on a compact frame 14 with an integrated running gear, which ensures high maneuverability, very uniform and therefore high-quality processing. The choice and distribution of the ejection directions of the hollow discs 28 in rows 30.1...30.3 provide symmetrical and uniform tillage.

Figure 2 shows a top view of the tillage tool in the second preferred embodiment. Most of the components shown in Fig.2 coincide with the components of the first preferred embodiment shown in Fig.1. Compared to the first preferred variant of figure 1, the second preferred embodiment of figure 2 is changed in such a way that the undercarriage with the main wheels 20.1, 20.2 is in the center of the middle row 30.2, so that the undercarriage breaks the middle row 30.2 perpendicular to the working direction A.

In the working direction A, behind the broken row 30.2, there is a solid back row 30.3. Otherwise, the characteristics of the first embodiment of Fig.1 are similar to the characteristics of the first embodiment of Fig.2.

This preferred embodiment also allows a large number of hollow discs 28 of the disc harrow 10 to be arranged very uniformly on a compact frame 14 with an integrated running gear, which ensures high maneuverability, very uniform and therefore high-quality processing. The choice and distribution of the ejection directions of the hollow discs 28 in rows 30.1...30.3 provide symmetrical and uniform tillage.

List of positions

10 Soil tillage implement, disc harrow

12 frame

20.1, 20.2 Main wheel

22 Central longitudinal axis

28 Working bodies for tillage

30.1…30.2 Rows of working bodies

32.1, 32.2 Front support wheel

A Working direction

dr wheel distance

ds disc distance

dO Distance between organs

d1 Distance between rows

Claims (21)

1. Soil tillage tool (10) with working bodies (28), in particular with disk tools arranged in at least three rows (30.1…30.3) with at least two rows (30.1…30.3) following each other in the working direction (A), perpendicular to the working direction (A), and undercarriage with at least one main wheel (20.1, 20.2) located perpendicular to the working direction (A) and offset relative to the central longitudinal axis (22) within the distance of the wheel (dr), moreover, the chassis is located relative to the working bodies (28) in such a way that relative to the working direction (A) in front of the chassis, as well as to the left and right of it, there is at least one specified row (30.1 ... 30.3) of the working bodies, moreover, all the working bodies (28), which in the working direction (A) are located in the row (30.1) furthest from the running gear, are located within the lateral distance of the working bodies (ds) from the central longitudinal axis (22), which is less than or equal to the lateral wheel distance (dr). 2. Soil tillage tool (10) with a central longitudinal axis (22), with working bodies (28), in particular with disc tools arranged in at least three rows (30.1…30.3) with at least two rows (30.1…30.3 ) following each other in the working direction (A), perpendicular to the working direction (A), and undercarriage with at least two main wheels (20.1, 20.2) located perpendicular to the working direction (A), moreover, the undercarriage is located relative to the working bodies (28) in such a way that relative to the working direction (A) in front of the undercarriage, as well as to the left and right of it, there is at least one specified row (30.1 ... 30.3) of the working bodies, so that the undercarriage is located within at least one of the rows of working bodies (30.1 ... 30.3), perpendicular to the working direction (A), moreover, a number of tools (30.1 ... 30.3), located in the working direction (A) farthest from the chassis in front, does not extend beyond the limits of the chassis in width across the working direction (A). 3. Soil tillage implement (10) according to item 1, moreover, the chassis has two main wheels (20.1, 20.2) located at the same distance (dr) from the central longitudinal axis (22). 4. Soil tillage tool (10) according to one of the previous paragraphs, and on both sides of the central longitudinal axis (22) there is the same number of working bodies (28). 5. Soil tillage tool (10) according to one of the previous points, moreover, to the left and right of the working direction (A) next to the row of tools (30.1) located in this direction (A), farthest from the undercarriage and in the working direction (A) in the same position as the row of tools (30.1) , there was at least one front support wheel (32.1, 32.2), so that on the sides of the working bodies (28) of this row (30.1) there were front support wheels (32.1, 32.2). 6. Soil tillage implement (10) according to one of the previous paragraphs, wherein the working bodies (28) are located on the middle segment of the frame and two or more bodies (28) form a row (30.1) located furthest from the running gear in the working direction (A) , and preferably, at least two working bodies (28) are located on the left and right frame segments, moreover, the side frame segments can preferably be folded relative to the middle frame segment around a folding axis parallel to the working direction (A) in order to move the tillage implement (10) between working and transport position, moreover, the running gear is preferably located on the middle frame segment, and the optional support wheels (32.1, 32.2) are on the side frame segments. 7. Soil-cultivating implement (10) according to one of the previous paragraphs, moreover, the working bodies (28), the most distant from the central longitudinal axis (22) and located in the row (30.1) furthest from the running gear in the working direction (A), are coaxial with the main wheels (20.1, 20.2) of the running gear. 8. Soil-cultivating implement (10) according to one of the previous paragraphs, moreover, the working bodies (28) are located obliquely and preferably are hollow discs that specify the direction of ejection, and the direction of ejection of the organs (28) of the back row (30.3) is directed towards the central longitudinal axis ( 22), and the direction of ejection of the organs (28) arranged one after the other in rows (30.1, 30.2, 30.3) is alternately directed either from the central longitudinal axis (22) or towards it. 9. Soil-cultivating implement (10) according to one of the previous paragraphs, wherein at least one of the working bodies (28), which is located on the central longitudinal axis (22) or immediately next to it, is displaced relative to other working bodies (28) in its row (30.1, 30.2, 30.3) forward or backward in working direction (A), preferably 1/3 ... 1/2 of its length along working direction (A). 10. A soil-cultivating implement (10) according to one of the previous paragraphs, wherein in the working direction (A) behind the running gear there is a single or multi-section depth-direction roller.

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