RU2383772C1 - Method to control fuel feed and device to this end - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: engines and pumps.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to method and device to control fuel feed into ICE of whatever machinery. Proposed method comprises moving two-position valve upwards, opening relief valve to communicate with outer space of chamber arranged above sprayer locking element, and feeding fuel into nozzle sprayer at high controlled pressure. It comprises also, varying position of two-position valve to feed fuel via inlet throttle into filling valve and, via it, into chamber arranged above the sprayer locking element, locking nozzle sprayer and cutting off fuel feed. Fuel is additionally fed through second inlet throttle into second control valve chamber for said chamber position to be varied at a time with two-position valve position. Additional control valve chamber is communicated, in opening said valve, with final volume variable chamber wherein rarefaction is created according to at least one preset program with at least one step of varying volume in fuel injection into at least one cylinder via at least one level of sprayer holes. On closing additional valve, final fuel volume is forced, via second control valve chamber, into final volume second chamber and high-pressure fuel pump in between fuel feed cycles. Fuel from first control chamber is forced into final volume second chamber with relief valve opened, and, then via first throttle, into second final volume chamber during rearrangement of relief and filling valves. Proposed device comprises hydraulically controlled nozzle with spring-loaded or not-spring-loaded locking elements with at least leveled holes and at least one locking element with separate control chambers for every locking element that communicate with relief valves, additional control chamber and additional control valve arranged on two-position control valve stem to be rearranged together with the latter. It comprises also second inlet throttle arranged in high-pressure channel communicating additional control chamber via additional control valve. Said additional control chamber communicates with at least two fuel feed control units with shaped cams with mirror-opposition programs. At least each cam is intended per nozzle and programmed for one injection cycle, and comprises master cam, plunger, spring arranged on the platform, cylinder with through bore interacting with said plunger fixed on said platform together with spring. Every fuel feed control unit, communicates, via its cylinder bore, with nozzle additional fuel feed chamber. Said additional fuel feed chamber communicates, via pipeline with check valve, with low-pressure accumulator, pressure control valve and, then with inlet high-pressure fuel pump.

EFFECT: maximum possible efficiency and minimum control fuel rate.

6 cl, 7 dwg

Description

The invention relates to methods and devices for controlling the supply of fuel for internal combustion engines - diesel engines (hereinafter ICE), in stationary installations with high power diesel engines and mobile vehicles, on tractors with any type of transmission, in particular with electric transmission, for implementing a wide range of technologies in agriculture (plowing, threshing rolls with combine harvesters, stacking rolls with reapers), for road-building machines and technologies implemented with their help, in automobile and railway transport.

Closest to the proposed method is a method of controlling the supply of fuel to an internal combustion engine, including moving the on-off valve upward, opening the discharge valve and connecting the chamber through it above the shut-off element of the atomizer and supplying fuel under high pressure control to the nozzle atomizer, changing the position of the on-off valve for feeding fuel through the inlet throttle into the filling valve and through it into the chamber above the shut-off element of the atomizer, locking spray the nozzle and the cutoff of the fuel supply (Bogachev SA, Khryashchev Yu.E. Electro-hydraulic nozzle with a two-position valve. University proceedings. Engineering. - 2002 - No. 2 - P.61-75).

The disadvantages of the method include:

- the method does not allow you to return part of the energy spent on control back to the energy source and reduce the power to control the fuel supply;

- in this method, the electromagnetic actuator, which moves the stem of the on-off valve in speed, is significantly lower than the speed of the atomizer needle, and the speed of the electromagnetic actuator cannot be significantly increased without replacing it with a faster one;

- in this method, in the zone of small feeds and incomplete needle strokes, there is a pronounced dead zone, after which there is an abrupt transition to the linear branch of the characteristic, and in this case accurate dosing of small volumes of fuel is possible only at low pressures;

- the method does not allow for the number of sequential injections of more than two with uniform atomization of fuel, which does not allow to fully increase the indicator efficiency and implement a process close to isobaric;

- the method does not allow to meet the requirements of uniformity of atomization of fuel in the combustion chamber;

- the method does not allow to implement the requirements of variable intensity of fuel atomization by sequential supply of fuel through the injection holes of different levels.

Closest to the proposed device is a device for supplying fuel to an internal combustion engine, including a nozzle with a two-position valve with a rod with an annular platform, a control chamber above the locking element, which is connected through an unloading valve to an external volume, through a filling valve and a throttle connected to a high line pressure, a spray with a locking element connected from below to the high pressure line, a high pressure accumulator connected to the nozzle, the fuel pump high pressure with a pressure control valve, a fuel tank, a fuel filter interconnected hydraulically, an electronic control unit electrically connected to a pressure control valve, (Bogachev SA, Khryashchev Yu.E. Electro-hydraulic nozzle with a two-position valve. University proceedings. Engineering - 2002 - No. 2 - P.61-75).

The disadvantages of this device include:

- an electromagnetic actuator that moves the stem of the on-off valve in speed significantly lower than the speed of the atomizer needle;

- the device does not allow to supply fuel through several levels of holes and to provide the required intensity and uniformity of atomization of fuel;

- the device does not allow to return part of the energy spent on control back to the energy source and to reduce the power to control the fuel supply.

The aim of the invention is to improve the dynamics of fuel supply and increase indicator efficiency, as well as simplifying, increasing reliability and reducing the cost of fuel supply equipment.

This is achieved by the fact that in the method of controlling the fuel supply in an internal combustion engine, including moving the on-off valve upward, opening the discharge valve and connecting the chamber through it above the locking element of the atomizer, supplying fuel under high pressure control to the atomizer nozzle, changing the position of the on-off valve for feeding fuel through the inlet throttle into the filling valve and through it into the chamber above the locking element of the atomizer, locking the atomizer nozzle and wasp The fuel cut-off, according to the invention, the fuel is additionally supplied through the second inlet throttle to the chamber of the second control valve, its position is changed simultaneously with the position of the on-off valve, the chamber of the additional control valve is connected when it is opened with a variable chamber of the final volume, in which at least a vacuum , according to one predetermined program, with at least one step of volume change during fuel injection, into at least one cylinder through at least one level o sprayer holes, when closing the auxiliary valve, the final volume of fuel is supplied through the cavity of the second control valve of the injector under pressure into the second chamber of the final volume and into the high-pressure fuel pump between the fuel supply cycles, the fuel from the first control chamber is supplied under pressure to the second chamber of the final volume when the discharge valve is opened, fuel is supplied under pressure through the first throttle to the second chamber of the final volume during the reinstallation of the discharge and filling about valves.

The volume of the first chamber of the final volume is changed according to the program during rarefaction continuously from zero to maximum during the supply of fuel to the cylinders.

In this case, the volume of the first chamber of the final volume is changed according to the program during rarefaction, first discreetly from zero to the first intermediate constant volume, and then after at least one delay, from the first intermediate constant volume to the subsequent intermediate volume and so on to the maximum during the fuel supply cycle.

The volume of the first chamber of the final volume is changed according to the program when creating pressure in the cavity of the second control valve continuously from maximum to zero in the period between fuel supply cycles.

In this case, the pressure in the chamber above the second control valve is changed by a pressure control valve.

The implementation of the operations of the method allows you to organize the fuel intake process with a maximum approximation to the cycle with the supply of heat at constant pressure and a maximum indicator efficiency and minimal harmful emissions:

- due to several sequential injections with a steep front of the beginning and end of the injection during the fuel supply, since in a short time when the piston is near the top dead center, it is possible to inject a large amount of fuel in separate portions through a larger number of holes with uniform spraying of fuel with a high momentum and at high constant pressure;

- due to the same speed control valves and locking elements with increasing control pressure of the control valve;

- due to the return of part of the energy spent on fuel supply control to the high pressure fuel pump and minimization of energy for control;

- the fuel supply through two or three holes allows you to expand the range of power control by adjusting the injection pressure with high quality atomization of fuel and low injection pressure;

- the uniformity of fuel atomization in the combustion chamber is met by atomizing small droplets with high momentum at high pressure and through a large number of atomizer openings;

- the requirements of variable intensity of fuel atomization are met by sequential supply of fuel through the injection holes of the first, second and third levels;

- the injection pressure remains almost constant, which allows to increase efficiency and reduce harmful emissions due to the uniformity of atomization of fuel, which occurs at constant pressure;

- the beginning and end of the fuel supply occurs with a steep front and individual portions that follow each other, which allows “timely” to burn fuel in small portions, accelerate the transfer of energy to the crankshaft and also quickly stop it;

- nozzles with two or three levels of holes allow together to inject a large amount of fuel through a larger total number of holes in a short time;

- additional fuel supply through two or three levels of holes allows you to expand the range of power control by adjusting the injection pressure, and the range of pressure control can be expanded by improving the quality of atomization of fuel through a larger number of holes.

These signs allow you to achieve a new technical result for controlling the fuel supply using the new method.

The task is also carried out by the fact that in the device for implementing the method, comprising a nozzle with a two-position valve with a rod with an annular platform, a control chamber above the locking element, which is connected through an unloading valve with an external volume, through a filling valve and a throttle connected to a high pressure line and a spray with a locking element, connected from the bottom to the high-pressure line, a high-pressure accumulator connected to the nozzle, a high-pressure fuel pump with a regulating valve pressure tank, fuel tank, fuel filter interconnected hydraulically, electronic control unit electrically connected to a pressure control valve, according to the invention, the hydraulic nozzle is made with at least one spring-loaded or non-spring-loaded locking element, non-spring-loaded control valves, a sprayer, at least , with one level of openings, a second control chamber and a second control valve mounted on the stem of the on-off valve with the possibility of one a temporary change of position with it, while a second inlet throttle is installed in the high-pressure channel, connecting the second control chamber through the second control valve to the fuel control unit, which includes at least one profiled cam per nozzle with a program of at least one cycle injection, copier, plunger, spring mounted on the platform, a cylinder with a through hole interacting with the plunger, fixed on the base together with the spring, while the cylinder bore is connected hydraulically with the second nozzle control chamber, the second control chamber is connected through a pipeline with a non-return valve to a low-pressure accumulator containing a pressure control valve connected to the electronic control unit and to the high-pressure fuel pump, and through it to the high-pressure accumulator, a two-position relief valve the valve is connected by a channel in the nozzle and a pipeline to the low-pressure accumulator at the inlet.

The interaction of the profiled cams with the injection and copier cycle program in the fuel supply control unit with a spring-loaded plunger in the cylinder of the fuel control unit hydraulically connected to the nozzle allows for the implementation of several successive fuel injections and the implementation of high indicator efficiency.

Hydraulic connection of the sub-plunger cavity of the fuel control unit and the cavity of the nozzle control valve during fuel shut-off and supply allows an increase in the rate of change of the control pressure of the control valve and the implementation of the rectangular law of the beginning and end of injection, the same speed of the control valve and the locking elements of the nozzle per feeding cycle.

The connection of the hydromechanical fuel control unit with the nozzle, which, in turn, is connected to a high-pressure accumulator, allows to maintain the best properties of the known fuel supply systems with electric and hydraulic controls with the reliability and simplicity of mechanical systems.

The serial connection of the chamber above the control valve of the nozzle during fuel shut-off with an additional low-pressure accumulator and with a high-pressure pump allows for partial return of the energy spent on control between fuel supply cycles.

The serial connection of the chamber above the locking elements when fuel is supplied with an additional low-pressure accumulator and with a high-pressure pump allows the energy spent on control during valve reinstallation to be returned and control losses to be minimized.

A larger number of holes in the nozzle at two or three levels of injection allows for high quality and uniformity of fuel atomization, and an optimal range of power control by adjusting the injection pressure with a pressure control valve connected to a high-pressure accumulator, and, therefore, the amount of fuel supplied in the optimal range.

Reliability and reduction in the cost of fuel supply equipment due to the hydromechanical control of the control valve in the form of a fuel supply control unit and the connection of a nozzle with a high-pressure accumulator with an injection pressure control valve.

The implementation of the injection holes in the sprayer at two or three levels allows us to meet the requirements of variable intensity of fuel atomization by sequential supply of fuel through the injection holes of the first, second and third levels.

The implementation of the locking elements without springs, the connection of the control chamber of the control valve without springs with an additional cavity of variable volume in the form of a cylinder with a plunger allows for a constant spray pressure for each locking element and uniformity of spraying.

The implementation of the locking elements without springs allows you to provide a reliable setting of the locking elements - needles and bushings on the saddle when cutting fuel.

The implementation of the locking elements with springs allows for an increase in the time shift between fuel injections through the openings of the first and second levels necessary for efficient combustion of fuel.

The use of profiled cams with a double cycle allows for compactness of the device and fuel supply from one fuel control unit to one or several cylinders.

These signs make it possible to achieve a substantially new technical result in controlling the fuel supply by means of a new device for implementing the method.

The proposed method and device are illustrated by the following drawings:

- figure 1 is an embodiment of a hydraulic nozzle for supplying fuel (longitudinal section) with two levels of holes for injection;

- figure 2 is an embodiment of a hydraulic nozzle for supplying fuel (longitudinal section) with three levels of holes for injection;

- figure 3 is an embodiment of a hydraulic nozzle for supplying fuel (longitudinal section) with two levels of holes for injection and spring-loaded locking elements;

- figure 4 - options for profiled cams for controlling the supply of fuel with one (figure 4, a) or two fuel supply cycles (figure 4, b), as well as with several profiled cams on one camshaft (figure 4, at);

- figure 5, a is a schematic illustration of a control unit for supplying fuel to diesel cylinders and options for hydraulic (figure 5, b) and mechanical connection of a control unit for supplying fuel (figure 5, c) with a nozzle;

- Fig.6 is a block diagram of a device for implementing the method, Fig.6, and shows a block diagram for implementing a method of supplying one cylinder from a single fuel control unit, Fig.6b shows a block diagram for implementing the method two-cylinder feeds from one fuel control unit in the presence of a standard valve;

- Fig.7 shows a diagram of the injection pressure (Fig.7, a) when supplying fuel;

7, b - diagrams of the volumetric fuel consumption through the holes of the first, second and third levels.

Hydraulic nozzle 1 for supplying fuel with two levels of injection holes in figure 1 contains a two-position control valve 2 on the stem 3, which consists of a filling valve 4 and an unloading valve 5, a second control valve 6, a channel for removing fuel 7 through a low pressure accumulator (not shown in FIG. 1) connected to the discharge valve 5 of the on-off valve 2, the second control valve 6 is mounted on top of the rod 3 with the possibility of blocking the channel 8 with the second inlet throttle (not shown in the drawing rendered) for supplying a high pressure, a needle 9 and a sleeve 10 located coaxially with the needle 9, a nozzle 11 with a sealing cone (the cone in figure 1 is not shown), holes of the first level 12 and holes of the second level 13 in the nozzle body, the control annular cavity 14 injection, which is connected by radial channels 15 with the annular groove of the needle 9 (not shown in FIG. 1), the first control chamber 16 with locking elements or the movement of the needle 9 and sleeve 10, the second control chamber 17 with the on-off valve 2 and the second control valve 6, channel 18 for stock and high pressure with the first inlet throttle (throttle in figure 1 is not shown) for supplying high pressure to the annular groove (ring groove on the rod in figure 1 is not shown) in the stem 3 of the on-off valve 2, the channel for supplying high pressure 19 to the annular cavity 14 in the nozzle housing 1 connected to a common channel for supplying high pressure (this channel is not shown in Fig. 1), a channel for removing fuel 20 during the absence of injection into the low pressure accumulator of the nozzle, a channel for removing fuel 21 from the second control chamber 17 at the fuel supply control unit (not shown in FIG. 1) during the absence of injection and for creating a vacuum in the second control chamber during fuel injection.

Figure 2 proposes an embodiment of the nozzle, in which the locking elements of the nozzle 11 of the nozzle consist of two coaxial bushings 10 and 22, as well as the needle 9, which cover three levels of holes: the needle 9 blocks the holes of the first level 12, the sleeve 10 blocks the holes of the second level 13, the sleeve 22 overlaps the openings of the third level 23.

In Fig.3, an embodiment of the nozzle is proposed, but with a spring-loaded needle 9 and with a spring-loaded sleeve 10, respectively, with springs 24 and 25.

Figure 4, a shows a profiled cam 26 for implementing one injection cycle on one nozzle 1, containing levels of change in the height of the profile of the cam 26 when the cam rotates by Δh ₁ , Δh ₂ , which are interconnected through levels of constant profile height with radii R ₁ , R ₂ . Moreover, when the shaped cam 26 is rotated by an angle γ _{1, the} cam 26 rises to a height Δh ₁ ; when turning the angle γ _{2, the} cam 26 maintains a height equal to R ₁ ; when turning the angle γ _{3, the} cam 26 rises to a height Δh ₂ ; when turning the angle γ _{4, the} cam 26 maintains a height equal to R ₂ ; when the shaped cam 26 is rotated through an angle α = γ ₁ + γ ₃ + γ ₃ + γ ₄ , fuel is supplied to the cylinder (Fig. 4, not shown); when the profiled cam 26 is rotated through an angle β = 2π-α, the fuel supply control unit (hereinafter, BUT) is prepared for the next fuel injection cycle. In this case, the total fuel supply time t _α = t _γ1 + t _γ2 + t _γ3 + t _γ4 ,

where t _α is the total time of fuel supply through the nozzle to the cylinder;

t _γ1 is the rotation time of the profiled cam 26, at which the profile height changes by Δh ₁ ;

t _γ2 is the rotation time of the profiled cam 26, at which the profile height does not change R ₁ = const;

t _γ3 is the rotation time of the shaped cam 26, at which the profile height changes by Δh ₂ ;

t _γ4 is the rotation time of the profiled cam 26, at which the profile height does not change at R ₂ = const;

t _2π-α = t _about - (t _γ1 + t _γ2 + t _γ3 + t _γ4 ), is the rotation time of the profiled cam 26, at which the profile height varies from R ₂ = const to R ₀ = const.

Figure 4, b shows a variant of the profiled cam 26 with a double cycle, which allows for the simultaneous implementation of two fuel supply cycles with two different nozzles in two different cylinders

In this case, the preparation time for the second cycle of fuel supply to the second nozzle becomes t _π-α = t _vol. / 2- (t _γ1 + t _γ2 + t _γ3 + t _γ4 ), the angle of rotation of the shaped cam for injection preparation is β = π-α.

Figure 4, c shows two profiled cam 26 on one shaft, which can be moved along the axis to install the corresponding cam (the movement mechanism in figure 4, not shown).

Figure 5, a shows the fuel supply control unit (hereinafter BUT) 27, which contains a profiled cam 26 (figure 2) for working with one nozzle 1 (figure 1), a copier 28, rigidly connected to the platform 29, which is rigidly connected to the plunger 30 located in the cylinder 31 mounted on the base 32 with the hole 33.

A spring 34 is installed between the base 32 and the platform 29, the hole 33 connects the BUT 27 with a pipe 35 (Fig. 5 a) to the nozzle 1 and to the channel 21 in it for supplying fuel to the BUT 27 when creating a vacuum in it (Fig. 1) and the removal of fuel from it when creating pressure in it using a plunger.

Figure 5, b shows a connection option BUT 27 with the nozzle 1 through the pipe 35, when the BUT 27 is made in the form of a prefix to the nozzle 1.

Figure 5, c shows a variant of direct connection of BUT 27 to the nozzle 1, with a two-position valve with a rod with an annular platform, a control chamber above the locking element, which is connected through a discharge valve with a drain, through a filling valve and a throttle connected to a high pressure line and a sprayer connected from below to the high-pressure line, a high-pressure accumulator connected to the nozzle, a high-pressure fuel pump with a pressure control valve, a fuel tank, a fuel filter, connected between fight hydraulically, electronic control unit connected electrically to the pressure control valve 21 (Figures 1, 2, 3), and an opening 33 in the base 32 (Figure 5, a, c) RUT 27.

Fig. 6, a shows a block diagram of a device for implementing the method using the example of fuel supply to one nozzle.

The nozzle 1 is connected by a pipe 35 to the fuel supply control unit BUT 27, the channels 7 and 20 for diverting fuel to the low-pressure accumulator of the nozzle 1 are connected by a pipe 36 with a throttle (the throttle in Fig. 6, and not shown) to the low-pressure accumulator 37 of the nozzle 1 (in further GAF). The nozzle 1 is connected by a high pressure pipe (Fig. 6, and not shown) with a hydraulic accumulator 38 of the high pressure fuel supply system (hereinafter GAST - Fig. 6, a) - with a pressure control valve 39 (hereinafter referred to as CRD) and a pressure sensor 40, controlled from the electronic control unit 41 (hereinafter BEU), the GAST unit 38 is connected to the high pressure fuel pump 42 (hereinafter TNVD) at the outlet. KRD 39 is connected to the fuel tank 43, and through the fuel filter 44 to the input of the injection pump 42. The BEU 41 is connected electrically to the pressure control valves 39 of the GAST 38 and the GAF 45.

Figure 6, b - shows a block diagram of a device for supplying fuel to two nozzles with profiled cams 26 with a double cycle. This scheme includes a profiled cam 26 that implements a fuel supply cycle for two nozzles 1. A profiled cam 26 (Fig. 4, 6) is included in the BUT unit 27, which is connected through a hydraulic standard distributor 46 with two nozzles. In Fig. 6, b, the standard distributor not shown). The valve 46, made in the form of a pair of "sleeve - cylinder", rotating synchronously with the cam 26 (Fig.4, b), alternately connects the BUT 27 with two nozzles 1.

In Fig. 7, a the rectangular law of injection pressure changes during reinstallation of the on-off valve 2 and the second control valve 6 (Fig. 1, a) from the lower to the upper position due to hydromechanical forces is shown, and the fuel supply control time in the angles of rotation of the shaped cam γ is shown ₁ , γ ₃ , γ ₃ , γ ₄ during fuel supply.

7, b shows the volumetric fuel consumption through the openings of the first, second and third levels when supplying fuel for a time t _γ1 when turning the profiled cam at an angle γ ₁ .

The operation of the device for implementing the method is as follows.

The profiled cam 26 (Fig. 4, a) rotates during the fuel cut-off at an angle β = 2π-α for a time t _2π-α = t _vol. - (t _γ1 + t _γ2 + t _γ3 + t _γ4 ). The height of the profile varies from R ₂ to R ₀ under the action of the copier 28, interacting with the platform 29 BUT 27. The plunger 30 moves in the cylinder 31 mounted on the base 32, under the influence of the spring 34 (figure 5, a) down and displaces the fuel volume V _{(1 + 2) the plunger} through the hole 33 (Fig. 5, a) BUT 27, through the pipe 35 and the channel 21 for the removal of fuel connecting the nozzle 1 (Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3) and the BUT 27 (Fig. .5, a), into the second control chamber 17 above the second control valve 6 of the nozzle 1 (FIG. 1, FIG. 2, FIG. 3), and then along the channel 20 for removing fuel from the nozzle 1 (FIG. 1, FIG. 2, 3) c low-pressure accumulator 37 (Fig. 6) and pipeline 36 with a non-return valve and a throttle (non-return valve and throttle in the pipeline 36 in Fig. 6, not shown) in GAF 37 (Fig. 6, a) and in the high-pressure pump 42. Recovery is taking place (return) of the energy spent stretching the spring 34 when creating a vacuum in the cylinder 31 and transferring it to the high pressure fuel pump. The presence of a throttle (the throttle position in Fig. 6, but not indicated) in the pipeline 36 will allow to smooth out possible pressure pulsations in the second control chamber 17 (Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3) when reinstalling valves 6 and 2 during the feed cutoff fuel.

The second control valve 6 and the on-off valve 2 (Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3) instantly move downward from the moment when the profiled cam 26 (Fig. 4, a) starts to work out the inter-fuel cutoff angle β = 2π- when turning α.

The resulting force acting on the "second control valve 6 - on-off valve 2" system sets the second control valve 2 and on-off valve 6 in the lowest position. This opens the filling valve 4 and closes the discharge valve 5 of the on-off valve 2 (figure 1, figure 2, figure 3).

At the same time, high-pressure fuel through the channel for supplying high pressure 18 with a throttle (the throttle is not indicated in Fig. 1) enters through the annular groove of the rod 3 into the first control chamber 16 from the GAST unit 38 (Fig. 6, a), almost instantly reaches its maximum value and moves the needle 9 and the sleeve 10 (figure 1, figure 3), for the case (figure 2) additionally moves the sleeve 22 to its lowest position. The resulting force is directed downward.

The pressure above the locking elements 9 — the needle with the cone and 10 — the bushings with the cone (FIG. 1, FIG. 3) and the sleeve 22 with the cone (FIG. 2) will become greater than the pressure under the locking elements 9, 10 (FIG. 1, FIG. 3) and 9, 10 and 22 (FIG. 2) due to the difference in the area of the locking elements 9 and 10 from the top and the differential platforms of the needle 9 and the sleeve 10 from the bottom (FIG. 1, FIG. 3) and the sleeve 22 (FIG. 2) to which high pressure is supplied through the channel 19, through the annular cavity 14, the radial channels 15 in the sleeve 10, the annular groove in the needle (Fig. 1, Fig. 3 not shown), as well as the annular groove in the sleeve 10 (in Fig. 2 shown )

The holes 12 and 13 of the first lower and second upper levels of the atomizer 11 (Fig. 1, Fig. 3) are closed by the conical surfaces (seats) of the needle 9 and the sleeve 10, which interact with the sealing conical surface (the position is not indicated in Fig. 1, figure 3) of the atomizer 11. Similarly, the holes of the third level 23 are locked by the second sleeve 22 (figure 2).

Moreover, there is a reliable locking due to the absence of locking springs for the locking elements (Fig. 1, Fig. 2), which impede the timely landing of the needle and sleeve on the saddle.

Reliable locking of the holes of the first - 12, second - 13 and third - 23 levels for injection is also ensured by virtue of a significantly higher pressure relative to the atmospheric pressure in the second control chamber 17, which prevents the formation of vapor-gas bubbles in the second control chamber 17 and facilitates timely reinstallation of the on-off valve 2 and the second control valve 6 to the lower position, at which the fuel is cut off.

The hole in the channel 8 with a throttle (the throttle in figure 1, figure 2, figure 3 is not shown) is closed, because the valve 6 is under pressure from the fuel displaced by the plunger 30 from the cylinder 31 under the action of the spring 34 (figure 1) into the second the control chamber 17 of the nozzle 1 (figure 1, figure 2, figure 3).

The pressure in the chamber 17 (Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3) at the end of the fuel displacement process by the plunger is determined by: a pressure control valve 45 of the GAF-37 unit (Fig. 6, a), spring tightening force 34 (Fig. 5 and) F, _etc., and fuel pressure force F _T.lDP entering through the first intake throttle channel 18 and the area defined by the annular recess in the rod 3 on-off valve 2 (Figure 1, 2, 3), wherein at the end of the fuel cut-off process F _pr > F _T.l.DP and this ratio is determined by the tightening force of the spring 34 (Fig. 5, a) and the valve KRD-45 (Fig. 6, a) low-pressure aerator - GAF-37.

Ensuring this ratio, including depends on the ratio of the areas of the annular grooves in the stem 3 and the area above the stem 3 - the area of the upper surface of the valve 6. Through the pressure control valve 45 of the GAF-37 block, fuel is supplied to the high pressure pump 42 (Fig. 6, a) and then into the hydraulic accumulator of the fuel supply system 38, which is connected to the nozzle 1.

BUT-27 (figure 5, a) is, among other things, a kind of booster pump that operates during inter-cycle fuel cut-off t _β (figure 4, a; figure 5, a) and during fuel supply to the high-pressure fuel pump - 42 (Fig. 6, a) through GAF-37 with a KRD-45 valve, when the operation of the method for energy recovery is implemented, and part of the energy spent on controlling the fuel supply is returned to the high-pressure fuel pump.

Energy return is the control function of the FCU during fuel cut-off, combined with the implementation of another control function in it, which manifests itself during injection and creation of a rarefaction mode in the nozzle control chamber 17 (at time t _γ1 ) and a mode of sudden braking of the fluid in the chamber 17 and the sub-plunger cavity of the cylinder 31 BUT-27 with a sharp increase in pressure in them (Fig. 3, a) during the transition of the profile cam 26 (Fig. 4, a) to the operating mode with R ₁ = const.

Fuel supply.

Fuel is supplied to the cylinder for a time t _γ1 , when the profiled cam 26 rotates through an angle γ ₁ , (Fig. 4, a) the height of the profile varies from R ₀ to

R ₁ (figure 4, a) by the value of Δh ₁ . Valves 2 and 6 change position during reinstallation and occupy the highest position. The position of the profiled cam in position R ₂ = const corresponds to the first in-cycle fuel cutoff. The position of the profiled cam in position R ₂ = const corresponds to the second in-cycle fuel cut-off (Fig. 4, a).

When the in-cycle cutoffs of the fuel supply, the energy is not recovered in the injection pump-42 (Fig.6, a) when turning the profiled cams 26 (Fig.4, a, b)

at angles γ ₂ and γ ₄ .

Recovery occurs at the time of reinstallation of the valves 6 and 2 (FIG. 1, FIG. 2, FIG. 3) and during the displacement of the fuel volume from the first control chamber 16 (FIG. 1, FIG. 2, FIG. 3) in the injection pump-42 (Fig. 6, a), at the very beginning of the rotation of the shaped cam 26 and changing its radius from R ₀ to R ₁ (angle γ ₁ - Fig. 4, a) and from R ₁ to R ₂ (angle γ ₃ - Fig. 4a).

In this case, the fuel through the channel for supplying fuel 18 with the first inlet throttle (the throttle in Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3 is not shown) acts on the platform under the rod 3, formed by an annular groove in the rod 3 and almost instantly moves the rod 3, on-off valve 2 and a second control valve 6 on it to the upper extreme position.

This contributes to the fact that at this time the plunger 30 moves upward in the cylinder 31 under the influence of the copier 28 and the platform 29, creates a vacuum in the cylinder 31 and the cavity 17 above the valve 6 (figure 1, figure 2, figure 3) and into the cylinder 31 of the BUT-27 unit (Fig. 5, a), fuel of volume V _{(1) of the plunger} enters the intermediate (R ₁ - Fig. 5, a) position of the plunger 30 due to the rotation of the cam 26 (Fig. 4, a) by the angle γ ₁ .

As a result, the on-off valve 2 and the second control valve 6 with the stem 3 (Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3) are affected by the resultant force of one sign, which instantly resets the on-off valve 2 and the second control valve 6 to the upper extreme position.

The spring 34 (Fig. 3, a) in the BUT-27 block is stretched and stores potential energy at the first step of the fuel supply cycle.

When fuel is supplied through the throttle in the channel for supplying high pressure fuel 18 during reinstallation of the on-off valve 2 to the upper extreme upper position, the pressure in the filling valve 4 drops (Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3). Its value during the reinstallation of the on-off valve 2 and the second control valve 6 is determined by the pressure at which the pressure control valve 45 is configured (Fig.6, a) in GAF-37.

During the reinstallation of the on-off valve 2 and the second control valve 6, the fuel through the filling valve 4, the channel 7 (Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3) enters the GAF-37 and is recovered through the KRD-45 valve in the high-pressure fuel pump-42. So the first in-cycle energy recovery is carried out in TNVD-42.

As the valves 6 and 2 move upward, the filling valve 4 closes completely and the valves 2 and 6 are completely reinstalled. After that, the fuel does not enter the channel 7 and the GAF through the throttle channel 18 (Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3) -37 (Fig.6, a) and through valve 45 to the high pressure fuel pump 42.

Energy recovery after closing the filling valve 4 during the reinstallation of the valves stops.

The pressure in the first control chamber 16 after closing the filling valve 4 and opening the discharge valve 5 is also determined by the pressure at which the pressure control valve 45 is configured (Fig.6, a), which is much more than atmospheric.

During and after reinstalling the on-off valve 2 and the second control valve 6, the first control chamber 16 (Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3) is connected through a channel 7 for removing fuel with a second external chamber - a low-pressure battery GAF-37 (Fig. .6, a) and the fuel from the first control chamber 16 is supplied under pressure to GAF-37 and TNVD-42 (Fig. 6, a).

The non-return valve in the pipeline 36 (Fig. 6, not shown) prevents the passage of fuel into the chamber 17 (Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3), in which a vacuum is created during fuel injection, and provides a more clear change of position or reinstalling the on-off valve 2 and the second control valve 6.

The pressure under which the fuel enters the GAF-37 is ensured by a higher pressure under the locking elements - the needle 9 and the sleeve 10 (figure 1, figure 3), and the sleeve 22 (figure 2) while the cam 26 is rotated at an angle γ ₁ (figure 4, a) and at the very beginning of the rotation of the cam 26.

Fuel under higher pressure from GAST-38 (Fig. 6, a), which is higher than the pressure at the inlet of GAF-37 and in the cavity 17, the unloading valve 5 and channel 7 for diverting fuel into the low-pressure accumulator - 37, enters the channel for supply of high pressure fuel 19 to the annular cavity 14, radial channels 15 in the sleeve 10 to the needle 9 and then the sleeve 10, which under the action of higher pressure move alternately upward, and the needle, as a lighter and less inertia, begins to move the first to the upper stop . Then, with a small time difference, the sleeve 10 moves, as more inertial, also to its upper stop (Fig. 1, Fig. 3, Fig. 7, b), as well as the sleeve 22 (Fig. 2, Fig. 3, Fig.7, b).

The needle 9 and the sleeve 10 (Fig. 1, Fig. 3), as well as the sleeve 22 (Fig. 2) displace the fuel from the first control chamber 16 through the channel 7 for removing fuel into the low-pressure accumulator 37 (Fig. 6, a) of the nozzle 1 (Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3) in pipeline 36 (Fig. 6, a) with a non-return valve and a throttle (in Fig. 6, and a non-return valve and throttle in a pipe 36 are not shown), in GAF- 37 with KRD-45 and TNVD-42.

The second in-cycle recovery of fuel energy occurs when the fuel volume is displaced from the chamber 16 at the time of reinstallation of the locking elements 9, 10, 22 (Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3).

The second in-cycle energy recovery, as well as the first in-cycle energy recovery, occurs at the very initial moments when the profiled cam 26 (Fig. 4, a) starts to turn to the position with R ₁ = when turning through an angle γ ₁ and a position with R ₀ = const const before the first intercycle cutoff, and also, when turning through an angle γ ₂ from a position with R ₁ = const, move to a position with R ₂ = const until the second intracycle cutoff due to the displacement of the fuel volume from the first control chamber 16 (FIG. 1, FIG. .2, figure 3) located above the locking elements 9, 10, 22.

Moving to the stop in the absence of a spring, nothing prevents. Under the needle 9 and the sleeve 10 constant volumes of fuel are formed when they are installed on the stop, through which fuel is supplied during injection (Fig. 1, Fig. 2). Injection pressure and volumetric flow rate for different injection levels (Fig. 7, a, b) during injection due to the absence of changes in the needle volume (Fig. 1, Fig. 3) remains constant and is determined by the pressure of KRD-39 (Fig. 6, a) high pressure battery outlet

All locking elements coaxial to each other, and this is the needle 9, the sleeve 10 are on the stop (figure 1, figure 2) and provide a constant injection pressure due to the absence of oscillations of non-spring-loaded locking elements.

In the case when the needle 9 is spring-loaded with a spring 24, the sleeve 10 is spring-loaded with a spring 25 (Fig. 3), also part of the fuel volume from the chamber 16 enters the GAF-37 through the pipeline 36 into the injection pump-42 (Fig. 6, a).

In this case, the locking elements 9 and 10 do not become an emphasis, or their course is limited by elastic elements: springs 24 for springing the needle 9 and spring 25 for springing the sleeve 10 (Fig.3).

The volume under the needle 9 and the sleeve 10 will change during the injection due to the elasticity of the springs, and the injection will occur with a variable volume.

The fuel injection law approaches rectangular with only sufficiently rigid springs 25 (Fig. 3).

This embodiment of the locking elements is necessary to provide a greater time shift between the fuel injection through the holes of the needle and nozzle.

First, an injection, the so-called "pilot" injection, occurs through the holes of the first level 12, and then the first main injection occurs through the holes of the second level 13. (Fig. 1). For the case (Fig. 2), a second main injection occurs through the holes 23 when the sleeve 22 is raised even more inertial than the needle 9 and the sleeve 10.

The number of holes of the second and third level is greater than the number of holes of the first level. The first small portion during combustion creates a torch that ignites a second portion of fuel and improves the combustion of a second more bulky portion of fuel.

The same thing happens with the third portion of fuel. Injection occurs at a constant pressure (Fig. 7, a) from the GAST-38, the pressure in which is regulated by KRD-39, controlled from the BEU-41 (Fig. 6, a). The limiter for the movement of the needle 9 and the sleeve 10 (figure 1) and the sleeve 22 (figure 3) is the body of the nozzle 1.

There is the same performance of the on-off valve 2 and the second control valve 6 and the locking elements 9, 10 (Fig. 1), and the locking elements 9, 10, 22 (Fig. 2) with increasing control pressure of the on-off valve 2 and the second control valve 6 when the absence of springs in the nozzle, which give the process of reinstalling the valves inertia.

The control pressure over the second control valve 6 (therefore, the force exerted on the second control valve 6 from above - (FIG. 1, FIG. 2, FIG. 3) is determined by the pressure in the second control chamber 17 during the fuel cut-off and is determined by the value set by the KRD -45 GAF low-pressure accumulator - 37.

In both cases (Fig. 1, Fig. 3), fuel injection for both the needle 9 and the sleeve 10 (for the case of Fig. 2 and the sleeve 22) is carried out with a constant gap between the seat for the needle 9 and the sleeve 10 (sleeve 22 - figure 2), which is determined by the course of the needle 9 and the sleeve 10 (sleeve 22 - figure 2) to the stop, which can be selected equal or different. This gap determines the constancy of the injection pressure specified by the KRD-39 (Fig. 6, a) of the GAST-38 high-pressure accumulator.

The fuel supply to the cylinders lasts practically the turn time t _γ1 of the profiled cam 26 (Fig. 5, a, Fig. 6, a), because there is a steep front of pressure increase at the beginning of the injection process, and the fuel supply law is almost rectangular.

When the second control valve 6 is open, fuel is supplied to the second control chamber 17 through the second throttle in the pipe 8 (the throttle in Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3 is not shown) to supply high pressure while creating a vacuum in the cylinder 31 by means of a plunger 30 (figure 5, a).

When the plunger 30 (Fig. 3, a) when moving up reaches the first constant level R ₁ = const, instantly the two-position valve 2 and the second control valve 6 are reset to the lowest position with the channel 8 for supplying high pressure with a second inlet throttle ( figure 1, figure 2, figure 3 inlet throttle channel 8 is not shown). Since the reinstallation of the on-off valve 2 and the second control valve 6 occurs almost instantly, then the hydraulic losses will be minimal.

This is the first in-cycle cut-off of the fuel supply to the nozzle 1.

The process of reinstalling the on-off valve 2 and the second control valve 6 downwards occurs in an avalanche-like manner with a steep front due to internal pressure feedback in the system "sub-plunger cavity of cylinder 31 (Fig. 5, a) - second controlled chamber 17 (Fig. 1) - pipeline 8 high pressure with a throttle, through which fuel enters the second controlled chamber 17 when the plunger 30 instantly stops in the cylinder 31 (Fig. 5, a). This pressure acts on the platform of the second control valve 6 from the top and instantly translates the second control valve 6 and the on-off valve 2 to the lowest position.

This opens the filling valve 4 and closes the discharge valve 5, closes the channel for supplying high pressure 8 with a throttle to the second control valve 6, which moves down under the action of pressure in the second control chamber 17.

Fuel through the filling valve 4 enters the first control chamber 16 and moves the needle 9 and the sleeve 10 (figure 1, figure 3), as well as the sleeve 22 (figure 2) in the extreme lower position. The openings for the injection of the first - 12, the second - 13 (figure 1, figure 3) are overlapped, as well as the holes for the injection of the third level - 23 (figure 2)

Fuel is not supplied to the cylinders during t _γ2 rotation of the profiled cam 26 by an angle γ ₂ at which the profile height does not change R ₁ = const. The first in-cycle fuel cut-off occurs.

The device implements the method both in the connection option BUT-27 according to the scheme (Fig. 4, b), and according to the scheme (Fig. 4, c) with the nozzle body 1.

Similarly: t _γ3 is the turning time of the profiled cam 26, at which the profile height changes by Δh ₂ , and the fuel is again supplied to the cylinders through two levels of holes: the first level is 12 and the second level is 13 (Fig. 1, Fig. 3) or three levels of holes: the first level of holes is 12, the second level of holes is 13, the third level of holes is 22 (Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3), and at the beginning of the second step of fuel supply, energy recovery also occurs during reinstallation the second control valve 6 and the on-off valve 2 and during the displacement volume fuel under pressure from the second control chamber 16 (Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3) with locking elements: needles 9, bushings 10, bushings 22 (Fig. 1, Fig. 2, Fig. 3) during their placement on emphasis before fuel injection into the diesel cylinder.

Similarly: t _γ4 is the turning time of the profiled cam 26, at which the profile height does not change at R ₂ = const and the fuel is not again fed into the cylinders. A second in-cycle fuel cut-off occurs.

Thus, during the fuel supply by the proposed device, it is possible to carry out even (4, 6) injections during the fuel supply cycle with a steep front of increasing injection pressure and with a constant injection pressure.

When the device is operated according to the variant (FIG. 2), the processes occur similarly to that described with the difference that the number of injections increases to six when the cylinder piston is close to the top dead center in the presence of a third level of openings 23 that overlap with the third locking element 22.

Injection occurs sequentially through the holes of the first 12, second 13 and third level 23 when the needle 9, sleeve 10 and second sleeve 21 are rearranged.

When the device is operating according to the variant (Fig. 3), the processes occur similarly to that described with the only difference that the time for supplying fuel through the openings of the second level is reduced due to the fact that the rise of the needle 9 and the sleeve 10 due to the reaction of the springs 24 and 25, respectively than in its absence. Springs are necessary only for the phase shift of the injection through the holes of the first and second levels and can be selected with less rigidity (figure 3).

The regulation of the amount of fuel supplied through the pressure control valve 39 of the GAST-38 block (Fig.6, a).

Thus, the fuel supply system is not a rigid mechanical unregulated system, but is regulated externally by changing the fuel supply pressure and can be included in the automatic fuel supply control system. The pressure control of the high pressure accumulator 38 using the pressure control valve 39 allows you to realize power above the nominal values, which is important for the implementation of short-term forced modes.

Fuel control is implemented by cams of different profiles. The reinstallation of the profiles is carried out automatically (the mechanism is not shown) due to the axial movement of the camshaft, on which the profiled cams are installed (Fig. 4, c).

In this case, the mode of economical operation of the diesel engine with a low fuel supply and low pressure (idle speed) can be implemented. One of the cams on the shaft according to (figure 4, c) is designed for a shortened fuel supply mode. This shortened mode of fuel supply and its small doses can be realized at low pressure when the engine is idling, which is extremely important for the operation of the diesel engine.

When using a profiled cam with a double or a large number of cycles (Fig.4, b), the operation of the device that implements the method occurs in a similar way. The only difference is that the standard valve 46 (Fig.6, b) is added to the device, which works synchronously with the profiled cam. During the first cycle, the device delivers fuel to the first nozzle during the second cycle to the second nozzle, etc. In this case, the time t _β > t _α is reduced by half, which will be half as much as in the case of a single nozzle. All nozzles are connected to the GAST-38 block and the GAF-37 block (Fig.6, b), as is the case with one nozzle.

Claims (6)

1. A method of controlling the supply of fuel in an internal combustion engine, including moving the on-off valve upward, opening the discharge valve and connecting through it to the external chamber volume above the locking element of the atomizer and supplying fuel under high adjustable pressure to the atomizer nozzle, changing the position of the on-off valve for supplying fuel through the inlet throttle into the filling valve and through it into the chamber above the locking element of the atomizer, locking the atomizer nozzle and carried out the cutoff of the fuel supply, characterized in that the fuel is additionally supplied through the second intake throttle to the chamber of the second control valve, change its position simultaneously with the position of the on-off valve, connect the chamber of the additional control valve when it is opened with a variable chamber of the final volume, in which create a vacuum, at least one given program, at least one step of volume change during fuel injection, at least one cylinder through at least one hole level atomizer, when closing the auxiliary valve, the final volume of fuel is supplied through the cavity of the second control valve of the nozzle under pressure into the second chamber of the final volume and into the high-pressure fuel pump between the fuel supply cycles, the fuel from the first control chamber is supplied under pressure to the second chamber of the final volume when opening the unloading valve, fuel is supplied under pressure through the first throttle to the second chamber of the final volume during the reinstallation of the unloading and filling valve new. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that during rarefaction, the volume of the first chamber of the final volume is changed continuously from zero to maximum during fuel supply to the cylinders. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the volume of the first chamber of the final volume is changed discretely: first from zero to the first intermediate constant volume, and then after at least one delay, from the first intermediate constant volume to the subsequent intermediate to the maximum during the fuel supply cycle. 4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that when creating pressure in the cavity of the second control valve, the volume of the first chamber of the final volume is continuously changed from maximum to zero in the period between fuel supply cycles. 5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the pressure in the chamber above the second control valve is changed by a pressure control valve. 6. A device for implementing a method of controlling the supply of fuel in an internal combustion engine, comprising a nozzle with a two-position valve with a rod with an annular platform, a control chamber above the locking element, which is connected through an unloading valve to an external volume, through a filling valve and a throttle connected to a high pressure line , a sprayer with a locking element connected from below to the high-pressure line, a high-pressure accumulator connected to the nozzle, a high-pressure fuel pump with pressure regulating valve, fuel tank, fuel filter interconnected hydraulically, electronic control unit electrically connected to a pressure regulating valve, characterized in that the hydraulic nozzle is made with at least one spring-loaded or non-spring-loaded locking element, non-spring-loaded control valves, sprayer with at least one level of openings, a second control chamber and a second control valve mounted on the on-off valve stem with the possibility of simultaneously changing the position with it, while in the high pressure channel there is a second inlet throttle connecting the second control chamber through the second control valve to the fuel supply control unit, including at least one profiled cam per nozzle with a program of at least one injection cycle, copier, plunger, spring mounted on the platform, a cylinder with a through hole interacting with the plunger, fixed on the base together with the spring, while the hole is tsili The hydraulic control unit is hydraulically connected to the second nozzle control chamber, the second control chamber is connected through a pipeline with a non-return valve to a low pressure accumulator containing a pressure control valve connected to the electronic control unit and to the high pressure fuel pump, and through it to the high pressure accumulator, an unloading valve the on-off valve is connected by a channel in the nozzle and a pipeline to the low-pressure accumulator at the inlet.

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