RU2369444C1 - Aerosol device and indicator composition for express-detection of explosives - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: explosives.

SUBSTANCE: detection is carried out by application of finely dispersed aerosol of indicator formulation onto investigated surface with subsequent visual detection of indicator effect. Indicator composition is prepared using alcohol solution of tetrabutyl ammonia hydroxide, having properties of surface-active substance that helps to increase sensitivity and specificity of detection. For storage, transportation and application of suggested indicator composition, aerosol device is used, being made of low and high density polyethylene mix. Aerosol device and indicator composition have considerable advantages compared to existing facilities for detection of explosives as simplicity of handling does not require special training of personnel.

EFFECT: low time of detection will make it possible to take appropriate protection measures.

2 cl, 2 dwg, 2 tbl

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The invention relates to the field of research or analysis of non-biological materials by chemical methods, specifically, using chemical indicators and is intended to identify and identify polynitroaromatic explosives (BB).

State of the art

A known set of tests for identifying and identifying explosives contains samplers of porous (woven or non-woven) material and three explosive identifiers for explosives for three explosive groups (group I - polynitroaromatic compounds: trinitrotoluene, picric acid, etc.; group II - esters and nitroamines: tetranitropentaerythritol (TEN), hexogen, nitroglycerin, etc.; group III — ammonium nitrate explosives), each explosive identifier reagent is preliminarily dosed to its own sampler, each of which is placed it is sealed in a separate airtight container made of two sheets of chemically resistant polymer material interconnected with a cavity under the sampler (patent RU 2203487 C1, IPC G01N 31/22, 2001).

The disadvantages of this test suite include the following:

- a limited number of analyzes, since one container is designed to carry out one analysis;

- to conduct detection requires direct contact of the operator with explosive materials (explosives);

- a long analysis time due to the need for preliminary opening of the container with the reagent-identifier BB and other auxiliary operations during the detection.

A set of express analysis of samples for the presence of explosives is known, containing wipes made of filter paper and three bottles with droppers with reagents for each of the above three groups of explosives (NTR Kit. Technical description and operating instructions. OJSC NOVO).

The disadvantages of this kit include the following:

- short shelf life (up to 1 year);

- to conduct detection requires direct contact of the operator with explosive materials (explosives);

- used reagents are aggressive;

- a narrow range of operating temperatures (from 5 to 40 ° C) and storage temperatures (from minus 2 to 45 ° C).

A known set of tests for the determination of explosive materials (explosives), containing a block of samplers in the form of filter paper and three aerosol cans of sequential use with reagents identifiers BB for each of the above three groups of explosives (prototype). The indicator solution is applied to the test surface by the method of spraying it under pressure created by freon in an aluminum can (PIR-2. Passport and operation manual 2463-001-05743622-99 RE. CJSC NIIIN MNPO Spectrum).

The disadvantages of this set of tests include the following:

- short shelf life (up to 1 year);

- the use of freon as its propellant with its ozone-depleting potential;

- aluminum cylinder is not corrosion resistant;

- high consumption of indicator formulation;

- when spraying the formulation, the required dispersion and uniformity of the torch are not achieved;

- used reagents are flammable;

- a narrow range of storage temperatures (from 4 to 25 ° C);

- high price;

- insufficient sensitivity and specificity of the reagent for group I of explosives.

The latter circumstance is especially important when working with micro quantities of explosives at the level of their detection limit.

Disclosure of invention

The technical problem to which the present invention is directed is to increase the reliability of rapid detection of mono- and polynitroaromatic explosives by their trace amounts on human clothing and hands, as well as on other suspicious objects.

The solution of the technical problem is achieved by the fact that express detection of substances is carried out by applying an indicator formulation to the test surface using a special aerosol device, followed by visual monitoring of the surface color change, and a tetrabutylammonium hydroxide reagent is used as an indicator composition.

The essence of the invention lies in the fact that for the preparation of the indicator composition, an alcoholic solution of tetrabutylammonium hydroxide is used, which has the properties of a surfactant, which helps to increase the sensitivity and specificity of detection. For storage, transportation and use of the proposed indicator composition, an aerosol device made of a mixture of low and high density polyethylene is used.

The proposed technical solution is industrially applicable, since standard equipment and widespread materials and chemical reagents can be used for its implementation.

The implementation of the invention

Experimental studies have shown that indicator formulation has the highest sensitivity, speed and specificity, which has the following composition (wt.%):

tetrabutylammonium hydroxide 3-15 water 40-50 ethanol 40-50 glycerol 5-10

The results of the assessment of threshold sensitivity are shown in table 1

Table 1 Threshold sensitivity of indicator formulation The concentration of alcohol solution of trinitrotoluene, C, mg / ml Time of occurrence of the indicator effect, s Indication effect 1,0 one +++ 0.5 one +++ 0.1 one ++ 0.05 3 + 0.01 - - Notes: 1. Indication effect (coloring) was evaluated on a “cross” scale: +++ - very bright; ++ - bright; + - weak; - - coloring is absent. 2. Detection was carried out in single drops with a dispersion of 500 μm or more of an explosive solution in the indicated concentrations.

Table 2 shows the experimental data illustrating the specificity of the proposed indicator formulation

table 2 The specificity of the indicator formulation Name of impurity Indication effect Diesel fuel no effect Diethanolamine no effect Hcl no effect H ₂ SO ₄ no effect HNO ₃ no effect KOH no effect Calcium Hypochlorite no effect Asymmetric Dimethyl Hydrazine no effect Aminomercaptan no effect Glacial acetic acid no effect Melange no effect RDX no effect Tetranitropentaerythritol no effect Ammonium nitrate no effect Plastid PVV-5A (85% RDX) no effect Plastid PVV-7 (85% RDX, 5% aluminum powder) no effect Ammonite-6ZHV (20% TNT, 80% ammonium nitrate) pale brown staining, appears after 3-5 s Trinitrotoluene (TNT), 0.005% brown staining appears instantly Trinitrobenzene, 0.005% brown staining appears instantly Dinitrotoluene, 0.005% brown staining appears instantly Tetrile, 0.005% orange staining appears instantly Picric acid and its salts, 0.005% yellow coloring appears instantly NOTE Specificity was assessed using 10% alcohol (water) solutions of the substances, unless otherwise indicated.

To use the indicator formulation, the device described below is used.

The aerosol device (AU), shown in figure 1, consists of two components - the pump spray 1 and the bottle 2. In turn, the spray pump in accordance with figure 2 consists of the following parts: cap 3, buttons 4, the housing of the spray pump 5, gaskets 6, the piston 7, the housing of the lock 8, the ball 9, the base of the lock 10, the spring 11, the valve body 12, the tube 13. The design of the pump spray due to the relative position of the parts relative to each other ensures a uniform flow fine aerosol indicator rec ATGMs with particle size of 100 microns. The diameter of the bottle and the height of the AC were selected taking into account the anthropometric characteristics of men in accordance with GOST B 21114. The developed AC also satisfies the requirements of GOST R 51760 for consumer plastic containers.

Advantages of the developed aerosol device:

- longer shelf life of the indicator formulation (more than 2 years);

- the indicator formulation used is not flammable and toxic;

- Freon with its ozone-depleting potential is not used;

- the aerosol device is made of polymeric materials and is corrosion-resistant and shockproof;

- a wider range of operating temperatures and storage temperatures;

- smaller weight and size characteristics;

- lower specific consumption of indicator formulation;

- when spraying the formulation, the required dispersion and uniformity of the torch are achieved;

- lower cost.

Analytical and experimental studies have shown that the best option for the manufacture of the bottle and parts of the spray pump are compositions of 55 ... 65% low density polyethylene (LDPE) and 35 ... 45% high density polyethylene (HDPE) with the exception of the metal parts of the spray pump: ball 9 and springs 11 in accordance with figure 2, made of stainless steel.

This range of components is due to the following factors:

- the use of HDPE for the manufacture of products is complicated due to its high degree of crystallinity;

- the use of LDPE is not recommended, since the products will not be rigid enough;

- the use for the manufacture of a vial of a mixture with a small addition of HDPE (up to 30%) is also not recommended, since such a mixed composition has a higher permeability according to the recipe.

The aerosol device is labeled by offset printing on self-adhesive white semi-gloss paper that is resistant to aggressive media.

Label contains:

- Conditional and full name of the product;

- the volume of the indicator formulation;

- information on the purpose of the AC and the method of its use;

- indication effect upon detection of traces of explosives;

- date of manufacture;

- designation of technical conditions;

- shelf life.

The aerosol device considered is intended for the express detection of industrial and military explosives containing polynitroaromatic compounds, as well as for detecting their traces on the skin of hands and surfaces of objects.

An aerosol device for detecting polynitroaromatic explosives can be supplied as a kit. The proposed kit is listed below.

Aerosol express detection device four explosives, pcs., including: - spray pump, pcs. one - bottle, pcs. one - indicator formulation, l 0.12 - label, pcs. one Set of accessories, pcs., one including: - spray pump, pcs. one - medium-density anesthetized filter ⌀ 70 mm, pcs. one hundred - sticker, pcs one hundred Instructions for use, pcs. one Cardboard container, pcs. one

To detect explosives on various surfaces:

- remove the cap from the spray pump, bring the aerosol device at a distance of 10-20 cm from the surface to be monitored, taking into account the direction of the wind;

- repeatedly pressing the button on the pump-sprayer, spray the indicator solution;

- observe the appearance of an indication effect on a controlled surface.

The appearance of color in accordance with the standard indicates the presence of polynitroaromatic explosives on the surface.

Indication effect persists for more than a day.

In cases where the indication effect is not visible, as well as when the surface color coincides with the color of the indication effect, it is recommended to apply a sample to the desalted filter included in the delivery and repeat the analysis on the filter surface.

To search for traces of explosives with the sticker included in the package, collect particles of powder suspected of belonging to explosives with an adhesive layer of the sticker and analyze on the surface of the sticker.

The main characteristics of the aerosol device:

- provides detection of traces of trinitrotoluene (trotyl), trinitrobenzene, dinitrotoluene, tetril, picric acid and its salts;

- preparation time for work, min., no more than 2

- explosive detection time, min., no more than 1

- time to save the indicator effect, min., at least 120

- threshold sensitivity of detection of explosives, mg / sample 5 * 10 ^-3

- range of working temperatures, ° С 0 ... 50

- storage temperature range, ° С minus 40 ... 50

- AU mass, kg, not more than 0.15

Thus, the developed aerosol device and indicator composition significantly outperform the existing explosive detection means, since ease of handling does not require special training of personnel, but a short detection time (i.e., the time interval from the moment the indicator formulation hits the surface of the object until the indication effect) will allow to take appropriate protective measures.

The product is easy to manufacture, does not require the use of scarce materials and sophisticated technological equipment. The formulation used is non-toxic.

Technical and economic efficiency is determined by the prevented losses (labor costs) for activities related to the identification of persons involved in the use of explosives, the elimination of the consequences of terrorist attacks with the use of explosives and cases of hooliganism, by increasing the reliability of rapid detection of polynitroaromatic explosives.

Information sources

1. Patent RU 2203487 C1, IPC G01N 31/22, 2001.

2. PIR-2. Passport and operation manual 2463-001-05743622-99 RE. CJSC NIIIN MNPO Spectrum) (prototype).

3. The set of "NTR". Technical description and instruction manual. OJSC NOVO).

Claims (2)

1. Aerosol device for express detection of explosives, characterized in that the bottle and pump spray device are made of a polymer composition consisting of 55 ... 65 wt.% Low density polyethylene and 35 ... 45 wt.% High density polyethylene, and and spray pump spring are made of stainless steel. 2. The indicator composition for use in an aerosol device according to claim 1, characterized in that for the rapid detection of polynitroaromatic explosives, a mixture of the following composition is used, wt.%:
tetrabutylammonium hydroxide 3-15 water 40-45 ethanol 40-45 glycerol 5-7

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