RU96686U1 - MINI-EXPRESS LABORATORY "BEER-R" FOR EXPRESS CONTROL OF CHEMICAL CONTAMINATION OF OBJECTS OF THE ENVIRONMENT - Google Patents

Abstract

 1. The mini-express laboratory for express control of chemical pollution of environmental objects contains indicator means in the form of a set of indicator tubes, devices for sampling and analysis in the form of a set of non-aspiration test systems, and auxiliary equipment placed in a rigid portable container-laying and accessories in the form of a manual sampler pump or manual bellows aspirator, measuring tubes for sampling water with pipettes, safety glasses and protective gloves. ! 2. The mini-express laboratory according to claim 1, characterized in that the set of indicator tubes includes ten names of tubes for various purposes, and the set of non-aspiration test systems includes six names of test systems for various purposes, while the mini-express laboratory is equipped with a sampling a probe including a clamp for fixing the sampler pump, guides, a battery block, an elastic tube with a fitting for connecting indicator tubes, a pump block with an electric motor and a flow splitter and a standard gas intake t

Description

The utility model relates to the field of measurement technology, namely, to means for express control of chemical pollution of environmental objects (air and industrial gas emissions, water, soil, bulk media and food products) using indicator tubes and test systems.

Known portable kit for laboratory research, which includes indicator tools, devices for sampling and analysis of samples and a heater, see RF patent No. 2056944. The portable kit contains a housing in the form of a metal box with a hinged lid and built-in pencil cases installed in the housing one above the other and made with the possibility of placing devices and means for conducting research in the field. At the same time, the upper case is pivotally mounted with the possibility of installing it in a horizontal plane on the open lid and is equipped with a working table in the form of a folding plate with an hourglass holder. Other cases are made extendable beyond the boundaries of the case, built into the housing and equipped with leaf springs and locking latches. Each of the cases is made of foam, coated with a protective layer, and has a metal edging. The case is equipped with a handle and portable belts.

The disadvantages of the known kit is a relatively narrow range of its functionality and not high visibility during the experiments, which complicates its use in the process of professional chemical measurements.

Known didactic-methodical kit laboratory "Bee-U" for environmental research, including indicator means for sampling and analysis of samples placed in a container-laying, characterized in that it additionally contains portable means of express control of air parameters, which are made in the form of non-aspiration test of systems with a set of indicator tubes and a sampler pump forming a gas detector for industrial gas emissions, portable means of express water control and ochvennyh solutions containing test systems for hydro-chemical quantitative analysis and tests for water control, and soil control agents and unknown products, see. Russian patent №54689.

Significant differences of the Pchelka-U laboratory kit are its configuration with portable means of express control of air parameters, industrial gas emissions, water, soil and unknown products, which allow expanding the scope of this kit and conducting training analyzes of water, soil, and product samples particular food, used in educational environmental studies in the courses of ecology, chemistry, biology, geography, special courses and elective courses on environmental monitoring, geoecology, environmental chemistry and others.

According to the greatest number of similar features and the result achieved using the given technical solution is selected as a prototype of the claimed utility model.

The disadvantages of the prototype, which does not allow us to achieve our goal, is that this kit is performed in several versions, intended only for training and use in practical classes and educational environmental studies, as well as in conducting environmental workshops in ecology, chemistry, biology courses, geography, special courses and elective courses on environmental monitoring, geoecology, environmental chemistry in secondary and specialized schools, institutions of additional education, secondary technology their schools, universities and in the system of postgraduate education. The kit is equipped with instructions for students to conduct practical training with its use.

The utility model solves the problem of creating a mini-laboratory for comprehensive practical professional express control of chemical pollution of specific environmental objects.

The essence of the claimed utility model is expressed in the following set of essential features, sufficient to achieve the above technical result provided by the utility model.

According to a utility model, a mini-express laboratory for express control of chemical pollution of environmental objects contains indicator means in the form of a set of indicator tubes placed in a rigid portable container-laying device, devices for sampling and analysis in the form of a set of non-aspiration test systems, as well as an auxiliary equipment and accessories in the form of a manual sampling pump or manual bellows aspirator, measuring tubes for sampling water with pipettes, goggles and protective gloves current.

This is the totality of essential features that provides a technical result in all cases to which the requested amount of legal protection applies.

In addition, the claimed device is characterized by a number of optional features, namely:

- a set of indicator tubes can include ten names of tubes for various purposes, and a set of non-aspiration test systems can include six names of test systems for various purposes, while the mini-express laboratory kit can be equipped with a sampling probe, including a clamp for fixing the sampler pump, guides , a battery pack, an elastic tube with a fitting for connecting indicator tubes, a pump unit with an electric motor and a splitter, and a standard gas intake path.

Due to the implementation of the distinguishing features of the utility model, a technical result is achieved consisting in the possibility of conducting rapid analyzes in conditions where it is necessary to professionally and promptly assess environmental pollution in one or more specific areas of analysis (air, gas emissions, soil, food analysis )

The essence of the utility model is illustrated by drawings, in which Fig. 1 shows a general view of the claimed device in a “mini-case” -type laying, in Fig. 2 - indicator tubes in a case, in Fig. 3 - a sample pump, in Fig. 4 - a manual bellows aspirator in the initial (a) and compressed state (b), in Fig.5 is a General view of the sampling probe in the laying of the type of “mini-case", Fig.6 is an external view of the sampling probe in working condition complete with a pump- sampler and indicator tube.

The mini-express laboratory for express control of chemical pollution of environmental objects “Bee-R” contains 1 set of indicator tubes 2 ten items for various purposes, placed in a rigid portable container-laying, selected according to the principle of coverage of the main pollutants most often found in industrial areas .

The mini-express laboratory contains a set of non-aspiration test systems of 3 six items for various purposes to identify the main pollutants in water and soil.

The mini-express laboratory also contains a manual sample pump 4, including a nozzle 5, a cylinder 6, a stem 7, a sealing sleeve 8, and an alarm device 9. Instead of a manual sampler pump, a manual bellows aspirator 10 can be used. The mini-express laboratory contains volumetric tubes for sampling water with pipettes, safety glasses, safety gloves, tweezers and scissors. All these devices facilitate the work of sampling, opening the packaging of test systems, and also ensure the safety of personnel carrying out research and measurement. The container-packing is equipped with a special pocket 11, which contains the documentation of the mini-express laboratory in the form of operating manuals, passports and certificates of all its constituent parts, which simplifies the search for the necessary documentation and ensures its safety. The mini-express laboratory can be equipped with a sampling probe, including a clamp 12 for fixing the sampling pump, guides 13, a battery block 14, an elastic tube 15 with a fitting for connecting indicator tubes, a pump block with an electric motor 16 and flow separator, and a standard gas sampling path 17 .

Mini-express laboratory "Bee-R" works as follows.

The indicator tubes 2 included in the product are color tubes. The principle of their operation is based on filtering contaminated air through the filler of the indicator tube 2 (indicator powder) when it is sucked using a sample pump 4 or a manual bellows aspirator 10. In this case, the analyte is absorbed from the air and a selective chemical reaction is applied with the reagent applied to the filler, leading to the formation of colored products. The selectivity of air control in the determination of acetone is achieved by using together with the indicator tube 2 of the filter tube. When using the color indicator tube 2, the concentration is determined by the length of the reacted (discolored) layer of the indicator mass, limited by the beginning of the scale and the outer boundary of the colored layer.

To suck a predetermined volume of a sample of air or other gases through indicator tubes, use air intake devices — a manual piston pump-sampler 4 or a manual bellows-type aspirator 10.

The sampler pump 4 is a manual piston aspirator. The operation of the sampler pump is based on creating a vacuum in the cylinder 6 when moving the rod 7 and filling the cylinder 6 with a gas medium flowing through an indicator tube 2 installed in the packing sleeve 8 of the nozzle 5. When the pump is brought back to its initial position, the air from cylinder 6 exits through the non-return valve . The pump is equipped with a signaling device 9 - indicator of completion of the leakage to monitor the end of the suction of the sample, which is a control membrane fixed under the inspection window. When creating a vacuum in the cylinder 6, the control membrane bends and at the same time the image of the black dot disappears from the viewing window. When equalizing the pressure inside the cylinder 6 with atmospheric pressure, the membrane returns to its original position. At the same time, an image of a black dot appears in the inspection window, indicating the end of the suction of the sample through the indicator tube 2. Aggressive substances that can enter the pump from the air through the indicator tube are adsorbed by the filler of the protective cartridge placed in the nozzle.

The manual bellows aspirator 10 is a manual fur type aspirator. The aspirator works to suck in air by opening the pre-compressed bellows by the springs and ejecting air from the bellows through the valve when the springs are compressed.

To perform express analysis in hard-to-reach places that do not have negative pressure, such as cable wells, warehouses, tanks, pipelines, workshop ventilation systems, etc., a special sampling device is designed - a sampling probe, which is placed in its own container-laying in the form of easily articulated blocks. Measurements by indicator tubes 2 when working with the probe are carried out only in conjunction with the sample pump 4. The principle of the probe is to select for analysis a part of the gas-air mixture forced to be sucked in at a constant speed using an autonomous pump 16 with a direct current electric motor. The flow rate of the mixture through the gas intake path (about 0.5 l / min) exceeds the flow rate when sampling the indicator tubes (not more than 0.2 l / min). Excess mixture is discharged into the atmosphere, thus providing dynamic sampling conditions for measurements using indicator tubes.

Test systems 3 are the simplest and cheapest analytical tools for monitoring aqueous, dry bulk solids and food products. Test system 3, in the General case, consists of an indicator strip, a control scale of color samples and instructions for use. Some test systems contain reagents necessary to ensure the reaction under acidic conditions (“Chrom-mat test”). The principle of operation of test systems 3 for monitoring water and aqueous solutions is based on the absorption of the solution containing the contaminant component with a segment of the indicator strip, which in most test systems is a hydrophilic base placed between thin transparent polymer films. The indicator strip absorbs the required amount of solution until saturated, after which the absorption stops. This ensures a reproducible dosage of the analyzed solution per unit area of the indicator strip and the stability of its characteristics with the minimum need for a solution for analysis. The analyzed component contained in the impregnated section of the indicator strip reacts with the analytical formulation on it to form colored compounds. The emerging indicator effect is visually (by eye) observed through a transparent film or directly on a segment of the indicator strip (Active Chlorine, Chromat Test). In this case, color and color intensity are a measure of the concentration of the analyzed component in the solution.

The completeness of the mini-express laboratory “Pchelka-R” is necessary for express control in emergency situations at enterprises with developed infrastructure - main production workshops, warehouses, storage tanks for products and intermediate products, transport section, internal technological pipelines, etc. P. Such enterprises are almost all chemical plants.

In the event of an emergency related to an accident at the enterprise site as a result of a natural disaster, terrorist attack, violation of technology, etc., fires, technological ruptures of pipelines and assemblies, other damages, as a result of which a variety of chemical products enter the environment which are usually hazardous or harmful chemicals.

Emergencies at facilities of this type usually lead to complex large-scale environmental pollution, including air, industrial site territory, soil (where it was preserved), artificial or natural reservoirs (open sewage treatment tanks, ditches, fire ponds, and other small reservoirs, etc.).

It is characteristic that with such pollution, migration of pollutants occurs, i.e. their transition from one environmental object to another, with a change in the state of aggregation or without it. It should also be noted that, as a rule, in emergency situations at industrial enterprises there are often several manifestations of the situation - for example, fires and depressurization of containers with chemical products, fuel, etc. According to the terminology of security services, they are combined by the term "hazardous chemicals" (AHOV). The range of such substances is wide, because includes potentially the following groups of chemical pollutants.

1. Priority air pollutants, usually released into the air during fires, and specific pollutants, often chemical intermediates, reagents, and process fluids. Such pollutants include ammonia, acetone, benzene, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, hydrogen sulfide, sulfur dioxide, petroleum hydrocarbons (gasoline, kerosene, diesel fuel), toluene, chlorine. Pollutants from this group in the form of gases or vapors are individually, expressly and quantitatively determined by indicator tubes in conjunction with a sampler pump.

2. A number of chemical pollutants must be determined in water bodies, soil, various loose media in view of their possible pollution. Some substances entering the above media from polluted air are detected in pairs by the corresponding indicator tubes - for example, fuel, solvents (acetone, toluene). A wider range of organic and inorganic substances pollute these media as a result of direct contact with them. Due to the fact that the range of chemical pollutants of water bodies and soil can be very wide, and the concentrations with this nature of pollution can significantly exceed the maximum permissible levels for this type of pollutants, when completing the Pchelka-R mini-express laboratory, test systems were used that allow characterize pollution by a group method.

Table 1 below provides information on the use of test systems as part of the Pchelka-R mini-express laboratory.

Table 1. Name of the test system Identified chemical groups and relevance pH test Pollution with a variety of substances of acidic and alkaline nature of organic and inorganic origin. PH control is the most important initial stage of rapid control in the analysis of unidentified substances Active chlorine Detection of a wide range of substances related to disinfectants and reagents - free chlorine, bleach, hypochlorites, chloramines, hexachloromelamines, etc. These substances, or some of them, are widely used in any production for the neutralization and treatment of wastewater, disinfection of drinking water, as reagents, etc. The content of active chlorine in the environment by current standards is not allowed. Nitrate test They are part of many fertilizers, are reagents, and are used in many industries. Having high solubility in water, nitrates easily penetrate into groundwater and soil horizons, and under the conditions of MEL application they are controlled by the Nitrat-test test system. High nitrate concentrations in water and soil water pose a high environmental hazard to the environment (as they are toxic biogens), and are potentially dangerous for food products grown on contaminated soils. For this reason, the Nitrat-test test system is also used for express control of nitrate contamination of agricultural products grown in territories adjacent to contaminated zones. Nitrite test The nitrite content is an important sanitary indicator, and the control of nitrites in water is especially important in the study of pollution of drinking water bodies

destination and groundwater (wells, springs), which may border an industrial zone prone to chemical pollution. Since nitrites are a product of the conversion of nitrates in the environment, it is rational to combine nitrite control with nitrate control. In addition, nitrites are used in many technological processes (reagents, corrosion inhibitors, etc.) and can enter watercourses in emergency situations. Sulfide test Sulfides are present in the effluents of wood processing plants. They are used as reagents in a number of different chemical industries. Well soluble, and the test system allows you to detect chemical contamination with these substances against the background of a possible natural content in the waters. Iron is common Iron salts are used in many industries at surface preparation sites, in the production of reagents, as reagents and additives, etc. When applying the Iron General test system, a group determination of the compounds of this heavy metal in various forms is carried out. Some other heavy metals are also identified.

The equipment and accessories available as part of the Pchelka-R mini-laboratory are necessary:

- NP-ZM sampler pump - for use with indicator tubes;

- measuring tubes with pipettes - for sampling water and bulk media in the field;

- tweezers, scissors - necessary for manipulating the working areas of the test systems (for analysis, segments of 5 × 5 mm are required);

- goggles, protective gloves - to ensure safety when working with chemicals, glassware (indicator tubes) and contaminated media;

- application manual and passport for a mini-express laboratory - for its effective use by an operator who does not even have special training;

- container-laying of the “mini-case” type - to ensure the integrity of the components of the Pchelka-R mini-express laboratory and their safety.

The use of all means of chemical express control provided for as part of the Pchelka-R mini-laboratory, in aggregate, provides the most probable characterization of the levels of contamination by chemicals in emergency situations of the type in question, and thereby - a comprehensive assessment of contamination in the working (industrial) zone, which is reflected in the submitted application materials.

Obtaining information during the rapid control of chemical contaminants using the Pchelka-R mini-express laboratory allows, as a result, to obtain the results of measurements of the concentrations of potential and actual pollutants under individual control using indicator tubes and, in group rapid control using test -systems, according to the received signal information, determine the parameters subject to subsequent expensive laboratory control, which leads to significant savings in material costs.

Example:

1. Object: a chemical plant in the North-West region with a developed infrastructure - workshops for the main production, warehouses, storage tanks for products and intermediate products, a transport section, and internal process pipelines.

2. Preliminary operational information: fire in the workshop of the main production, with the destruction of structures carrying transport technological pipelines and depressurization of the latter. At the hearth of the fire are a semi-finished goods warehouse, a transport section with a fuel tank (kerosene) and a wastewater treatment department. As a result of a violation in the operation of automation, the evacuation system of the accumulation tank of untreated effluents worked, which led to the latter getting into nearby reservoirs of technological and recreational purposes.

3. The response. A mobile group of the Ministry of Emergency Situations arrives at the site with tasks, including reconnaissance of the extent of chemical pollution of the air, water bodies and soil in the accident center and in immediately adjacent areas, including the water area of existing water bodies.

4. Equipment and survey methods. Mini-express laboratory “Pchelka-R”, staffed with indicator tubes with a sample pump, a set of test systems, accessories, personal protective equipment for the operator.

5. Results of air analysis

Air analysis was carried out at three different points in the emergency zone. The results of the analysis of the air using indicator tubes in conjunction with a sampler pump are shown in Table 2. Results are based on the value of the maximum measured concentration.

Table 2. Analyzed pollutant MAC of the working area air, mg / m3 Analysis results, mg / m3 Exceeding the MPC, times 1. Ammonia twenty 45 Low pollution 2. Acetone 200 5000 Heavy pollution 3. Benzene fifteen 40 Low pollution 4. Sulfur dioxide 10 Over 130 (scale limit) Heavy pollution 5. Carbon Monoxide twenty 2000 Heavy pollution 6. Nitrogen oxides (in terms of NO ₂ ) 5 Over 50 (scale limit) Heavy pollution 7. Hydrogen sulfide 10 5 There is no excess 8. The amount of oil hydrocarbons (in terms of hexane) 300 3000 Heavy pollution 9. Toluene fifty thirty There is no excess 10. Chlorine 1,0 Less than 0.5 (scale limit) There is no excess

5.2. Water analysis results

The analysis was carried out in a storage (aeration) pond located in open ground, which has runoff into earthen ditches located in the industrial zone. The results of the analysis using test systems, with conclusions regarding the MPC for water bodies for drinking and cultural purposes, are given in Table 3.

Table 3 Name of the test system Component to be defined The results of the analysis, mg / l MPC Conclusions, excess MPC 1. Active chlorine Active chlorine in free and bound forms 1,2 Not allowed Little or no pollution 2. Nitrate test Nitrate anion NO ₃ ^- 80 45 Moderate pollution (excess of MPC 2 times 3. Nitrite test Nitrite anion NO ₂ ^- 3 3.3 Little or no pollution 4. Sulfide test H ₂ S, HS ^- , S ^2- , organic
sulfides thirty Not allowed Little or no pollution 5. General iron (“Ferrum test”) The sum of cations Fe ²⁺ , Fe ³⁺ Less than 20 (scale limit) 0.3 Little or no pollution 6. pH (Ecoprotect) Acidity (alkalinity) four 6-9 Strong acid pollution. Identification of the pollutant and analysis of its concentration in the laboratory are necessary.

5.3. Groundwater analysis results

The analysis was carried out at a site with spills of unknown liquids and individual loose substances, presumably chemical reagents. The results of the analysis of extracts from the site material are given in table 4.

Table 4. Name of the test system Component to be defined results Conclusions, excess 1. Active chlorine Active chlorine in free and bound forms Over 100 (scale limit) Dispersed substance contains active chlorine. Urgent evacuation of contaminated soil and its disposal are necessary. Laboratory pollutant identification required 2. Nitrate test Nitrate anion NO ₃ ^- Less than 10 (scale limit) Dispersed substance does not contain nitrates 3. Nitrite test Nitrite anion NO ₂ ^- Less than 1 (scale limit) Dispersed substance does not contain nitrites 4. Sulfide test Hydrogen sulfide, hydrosulfide and sulfide anions H ₂ S, HS ^- , S ^2- Less than 10 (scale limit) Dispersed substance does not contain sulfides 5. General iron (“Ferrum test”) The sum of cations Fe ²⁺ , Fe ³⁺ Less than 20 (scale limit) Dispersed substance does not contain cations 6. pH (Ecoprotect) Acidity (alkalinity) H ⁺ , OH ^- 2-3 Strong water soluble acid. Urgent evacuation of contaminated soil and its disposal are necessary. Laboratory pollutant identification required

6. Conclusion

6.1. Express analysis of air in the emergency zone revealed severe air pollution

1) acetone vapor, the source of which may be depressurized equipment;

2) sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide (carbon monoxide), nitrogen oxides, which is due to the emission of combustion products, usually occurring in a fire. Other chemical pollutants, according to the available nomenclature of indicator tubes, have not been identified;

3) petroleum products, which, probably, can be a consequence of depressurization of fuel tanks for vehicles and diesel equipment.

It is necessary to predict the effects of the spread of air pollution in accordance with the expected climatic conditions.

6.2. Examination of water bodies (signal rapid analysis of water) revealed a strong contamination with acids. It is necessary to identify the pollutant in order to find out the causes and pathways of this pollution, and to analyze its concentration in the laboratory. For the rest of the used test systems, information was obtained that testifies to the absence of contaminants that are significant when examining the focus of this emergency.

6.3. An express analysis of the contamination of liquid and bulk products on the soil of the industrial site revealed the presence of pollutants (presumably chemical reagents or household chemicals) containing active chlorine and strong water-soluble acid. Identification of the contaminant is necessary in the laboratory and in order to determine the causes and pathways of this contamination. Urgent evacuation of contaminated soil and its neutralization is also necessary in order to prevent the spread of pollution.

The possibility of industrial application of the claimed technical solution is confirmed by the known and described in the application means and methods by which it is possible to implement a utility model in the form described in the utility model formula.

The Pchelka-R mini-express laboratory was developed and manufactured by Crismas + CJSC (St. Petersburg).

Claims (2)

1. The mini-express laboratory for express control of chemical pollution of environmental objects contains indicator means in the form of a set of indicator tubes, devices for sampling and analysis in the form of a set of non-aspiration test systems, and auxiliary equipment placed in a rigid portable container-laying and accessories in the form of a manual sampler pump or manual bellows aspirator, measuring tubes for sampling water with pipettes, safety glasses and protective gloves. 2. The mini-express laboratory according to claim 1, characterized in that the set of indicator tubes includes ten names of tubes for various purposes, and the set of non-aspiration test systems includes six names of test systems for various purposes, while the mini-express laboratory is equipped with a sampling a probe including a clamp for fixing the sampler pump, guides, a battery block, an elastic tube with a fitting for connecting indicator tubes, a pump block with an electric motor and a flow splitter and a standard gas intake t