RU2369086C1

RU2369086C1 - Led plant spotlight

Info

Publication number: RU2369086C1
Application number: RU2008100312/12A
Authority: RU
Inventors: Валерий Николаевич Марков (RU); Валерий Николаевич Марков
Original assignee: Валерий Николаевич Марков
Priority date: 2008-01-15
Filing date: 2008-01-15
Publication date: 2009-10-10

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to agriculture, namely to the lamps aimed at growing the young plants, vegetables or flowers in domestic or industrial conditions and can be used in other national economy fields where individual lighting is required, for example in breeding different creatures. The feature of novelty consists in the fact that the LED plant spotlight is made as a square frame from "П"-shape beam channel; the light emitting diodes are set at the plates; the plates are set in one row in transparent tight dome lights with the latter being mounted inside the casing with a gap in respect to each other in several parallel rows so that central axles of the LED light flows are directed in the same direction to the front casing surface and perpendicular to its plane.

EFFECT: manufacturing of a plant spotlight having low temperature of the casing heating and low power supply voltage and being strong, insensitive to splashes, not preventing the radiation of the outer light sources to come to the lit item and able to provide for the spectral radiation optimal for PAR considering the plant development stage and species and allowing for the alteration of the radiation and exposure time if necessary.

14 cl, 10 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to illuminators intended for growing various plant products, herbs, vegetables or flowers at home or industrial conditions, and can be used in other areas of the national economy where individual illumination is required, for example, when breeding various biological creatures .

A known method and device for lighting plants, in which the light flux is formed from three spectra - blue-blue (C) in the range of 400-500 nm, red (K) in the range of 600-700 nm and yellow-green (C) in the range of 500 -600 nm, in the ratios: C / K / 3 (20% ± 5%) / (40% ± 5%) / (40% ± 5%). The known method of lighting is carried out using a metal halide lamp (MGL), in the flask of which additives of halides and a number of other elements, for example aluminum, silicon, etc. are introduced. In this case, the lamp bulb is filled with inert gases with a sufficiently high pressure. See, for example, RF patent No. 2040828, IPC A01G 9/26 "Installation for irradiation of plants", publ. July 27, 1995, Bull. No. 21.

The disadvantages of this method for lighting plants are as follows:

1) The light range of the phytoprojector, made in the form of MGL, consists of three broadband spectra and is not optimal for the photosynthetic activity of plants (PAR). Therefore, the illuminator consumes excess energy to generate a luminous flux.

2) During the operation of the MGL, their spectral composition changes unpredictably, which worsens the conditions for plant growth.

3) It is impossible to change the spectral composition of radiation using a well-known lamp, and as the practice of crop production shows, it is desirable to change the spectral composition of lighting when growing various types of plants as they grow and mature.

The disadvantages of the known device phytoprojector are that:

1) MGL has a high body temperature and under certain conditions can burn plants or raise the temperature of the greenhouse to an unacceptable level.

2) The MGL lamp is explosive and can scatter into fragments in case of accidental contact with spray arising from watering plants.

3) To turn on the lamp, special ballasting equipment (PRA) is required, consisting of an ignition device and ballast resistance, in which part of the electric power is lost.

4) The lamp service life does not exceed 5000 thousand hours, which increases the operating costs of lighting.

5) The lamp supply voltage, which reaches several kV when turned on, is dangerous for maintenance personnel.

There is also known a method for artificial lighting of plants, described in the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2053644, IPC A01G 9/24, 31/02 "Method of artificial irradiation of plants in the growing process", publ. 02/10/1996, bull. Number 4.

In the known method, it is proposed to use sources of optical radiation with a minimum deviation of the spectral composition from the standard.

The disadvantage of this method is that it forms a certain averaged spectral composition of lighting, but does not allow you to adjust it in such a way as to provide phytocenosis with maximum photosynthetic productivity in accordance with the species characteristics and the stage of plant ontogenesis.

Closer and adopted as a prototype is a method and device for artificial illumination of plants using an LED phytoprojector depending on the intensity and spectral composition of external illumination in accordance with a given irradiation mode (see, for example, RF patent No. 2278408, IPC G05D 25/00 Universal polychromatic irradiator ", published on June 20, 2006, Bull. No. 17).

The known method allows you to create a wide range of lighting modes in accordance with the type of plants, similar to any time of the year, and provides a simulation of the illumination of any belt of the globe. It can also be used to simulate various weather conditions of illumination, for example, “sun”, “cloudy”, etc. It provides a scanning sensor for the spectral composition of the optical irradiation range and correction based on the feedback of the resulting spectral composition by connecting the corresponding groups of LEDs.

The disadvantage of this method is that when lighting it does not take into account the stages of ontogenesis of plants. In addition, the method does not provide for the possibility of pulsed inclusion of a phytoprojector with adjustment of the exposure time and duration of dark pauses.

A disadvantage of the device known phytoprojector is that its body has a complex structure and when exposed to moisture falling on the body, for example, from above, the searchlight may fail. In addition, part of the light is lost due to the fact that the body of the well-known phytoprojector prevents the passage of the light flux reaching the illuminated object from an external light source.

Currently, in agriculture, greenhouse breeding of various plant products is becoming more widespread. In greenhouses, it is possible to provide the most favorable conditions for plants to grow and ripen. At the same time, the productivity of using the area is many times greater than when cultivating the same plants in open ground. You can grow plants in greenhouses with artificial lighting all year round.

However, the cost of greenhouse production is still much higher than when growing it in natural conditions. Therefore, when developing a greenhouse, it is necessary to try to ensure its maximum simplicity, ease of use while increasing productivity, reducing energy consumption and operating costs.

It is known that plants are very sensitive to the spectral composition of the light flux. According to modern data, the maximum efficiency of plant phased arrays depends on the spectral composition of the radiation, which must be changed in order to ensure phytocenosis with maximum photosynthetic productivity in accordance with the species characteristics and the stage of plant ontogenesis. At certain stages of plant growth and development, various areas of visible light are required in the range 400-700 nm, but with a predominance of red, blue and violet rays. During flowering, the addition of yellow or orange light may be productive. At the stage of fruiting and ripening, the role of, for example, green light (cucumbers, tomatoes) increases for some plant species. Studies on the influence of the spectral composition of the irradiation of various plant species are ongoing, but already at present the results of these studies can be accepted for practical use.

The aim of this invention is to increase the efficiency of the light flux by providing a more complete process of photosynthesis in plants and better use of light coming from an external light source, taking into account the stage of development and type of plants and allowing, if necessary, to change the composition of radiation and form bright light pulses of a certain duration with regulation duration of dark pauses.

At the same time, the task is being solved to reduce electricity consumption, increase germination and reduce the growing time of plant products, increase its nutritional and taste qualities, improve the presentation by ensuring more rational use of the light flux, selecting the optimal spectrum of lighting and the mode of inclusion of light sources.

This goal is achieved due to the fact that in the known method of artificial illumination of plants in accordance with a given mode and their specific features using an LED phytoprojector by controlling the spectral composition depending on the magnitude and spectral composition of external illumination according to the invention, the specified lighting mode is controlled based on data from intensities of photosynthesis and in accordance with the stage of plant ontogenesis.

In an embodiment of the technical solution, the predetermined lighting mode is controlled by pulsed inclusion of light elements, while changing the exposure time and duration of dark pauses.

Management of a given lighting mode based on data on the intensity of photosynthesis in accordance with the species characteristics and the stage of plant ontogenesis will intensify the process of growing plant products, increase its taste and nutritional properties and improve presentation.

Control of a given lighting mode by switching on the light sources pulsed while adjusting the exposure time and the duration of dark pauses allows you to maximize the performance of greenhouses, reduce the consumption of electric and thermal energy and reduce operating costs.

The device solves the problem of creating a phytoprojector having a solid structure, not afraid of splashes, not preventing radiation from external light sources from penetrating the illuminated object.

To solve this problem, in a phytoprojector device containing a housing with light elements consisting of groups of LEDs with different emission spectra, an electric power supply unit, a microprocessor control system with a switch for LED groups, an ambient light sensor, a spectrometer acting on the LED groups through the control unit and allowing you to adjust the spectral composition of the light source depending on external lighting and taking into account the type of plants, according to the invention, the housing is made in e of a rectangular frame made of a U-shaped channel, the LEDs are located on the boards, the boards are mounted in a row in transparent sealed shades, the shades are installed inside the case with a gap relative to each other in several parallel rows so that the central axes of the light fluxes of the LEDs are directed in one side to the front surface of the housing and perpendicular to its plane.

In the embodiment of the technical solution, the plafonds on both sides are equipped with water-repellent plates made of heat-conducting material, preventing moisture from entering the front surface of the plafonds.

In a variant of the technical solution, the LEDs have a radiation spectrum that is mainly in the red range, in the region of 580-680 nm, and blue-violet, in the region of 430-480 nm.

In a technical solution, a programmable controller with operational protocol stacks is introduced into the control unit, forming a certain LED control mode in accordance with the PAR and with a set of designations indicating the type of plant and the stage of its ontogenesis.

In a variant of the technical solution, a programmable controller is introduced into the control circuit, which provides a given mode of pulsed switching on of light sources, with control of exposure time and duration of dark pauses.

In an embodiment of the technical solution, the shades are made in the form of tubes.

In an embodiment of the technical solution, the shades are made of a shaped profile with guides located inside for mounting boards.

In a variant of the technical solution, the shaped profile of the ceiling is made in the form of a rectangle.

In a variant of the technical solution, the shaped profile of the ceiling is made in the form of a rectangular part located above the board, and the front side of the ceiling is rounded.

In a variant of the technical solution, the printed circuit board is mounted on the upper wall of the ceiling.

In the embodiment of the technical solution, the boards on which the LEDs are located are made of transparent material.

In an embodiment of the technical solution, the frame is equipped with a top cover with a fan directing the air flow under the cover along the shades.

In a variant of the technical solution, the frame is equipped with a top cover with a fan directing the air flow into the shades.

The execution of the case in the form of a rectangular frame containing a corner frame made of a U-shaped channel allows us to simplify the production technology of a searchlight.

The location of the LEDs on the boards installed in a row in transparent protective shades allows the light elements to be sealed and thus waterproof.

The presence of water-repellent plates made of heat-conducting material prevents moisture from entering the front surface of the ceiling and prevents the formation of films formed after drying and interfering with the passage of the light flux from the LEDs. In addition, these plates contribute to the additional heat removal from the ceiling.

The location of the ceiling with a gap relative to each other in several parallel rows along with the transparency of the ceiling provides free passage of light rays from an external light source, which allows to reduce the total energy consumption and increase the integrated illumination of the object.

The use of LEDs with a radiation spectrum consisting mainly of the red range lying in the region of 580–680 nm and blue-violet lying in the region of 430–480 nm makes it possible to maximize the efficiency of plant phasers.

The presence in the control unit of a programmable controller with applications of operating protocol stacks that form a specific mode for turning on the LEDs in accordance with the PAR, and with a set of symbols indicating the type of plant and the stage of its ontogenesis, gives the phytoprojector new functions that allow you to create a lighting mode to obtain the greatest amount of high-quality plant products at the lowest cost of labor and means.

The use of a programmable controller that provides a given mode of pulsed switching on of light sources, with control of exposure time and duration of dark pauses, allows to reduce specific energy consumption and accelerate the process of growing plants.

The implementation of lampshades in the form of tubes makes it possible to simplify the design and production technology of the illuminator.

Various versions of the shades extend the designer’s ability to form a phytoprojector depending on the required lighting, the features of the greenhouse, the available elemental base and the nature of the consumer.

In addition, the implementation of shafts from a shaped profile with guides located inside simplifies the installation of circuit boards and gives the phytoprojector design greater rigidity.

The installation of printed circuit boards on the upper wall of the ceiling reduces the material consumption of the structure.

The implementation of the boards on which the LEDs are located, from a transparent material increases the transparency of the phytoprojector housing.

The presence of forced blowing of the ceiling using a fan located above the cover and directing the air flow under the cover along the ceiling allows you to provide the required heating temperature of the body of high-power LEDs.

When passing the air flow from the fan through the interior of the shades, the power of the LEDs is limited only by the overall dimensions of the phytoprojector.

The claimed phytoprojector is illustrated by drawings.

In Fig.1, 2 presents the design of the phytoprojector in two projections with light elements consisting of LEDs placed in transparent shades, made in the form of tubes.

Figure 3 shows a shade with an LED board and water-repellent plates.

Figure 4 shows the ceiling with rails for mounting the board.

Figure 5 shows the ceiling made of a shaped profile, the front side of which is rounded.

Figure 6 shows the shaped profile of the ceiling, made in the form of a rectangle.

7 shows a design in which a printed circuit board is mounted on the upper wall of the ceiling.

On Fig presents a design with a fan, directing air flow under the cover along the ceiling.

Figure 9 gives a design with a fan, the air flow of which passes inside the ceiling.

Figure 10 has a circuit diagram of a phytoprojector.

Elements common to all figures are denoted identically.

LED phytoprojector arranged as follows. The spotlight housing is an elongated angular rectangular frame 1 made of a U-shaped metal (preferably aluminum) or plastic channel 2 (Fig.1, 2). The inner shelf of the channel 2, protruding outward, forms the perimeter of the housing 1. Across the housing, light elements are installed in several rows. The light elements consist of LEDs 3, which are located on the boards 4. On each of the boards, the LEDs 3 are arranged in a single row. In turn, the boards 4 are installed in transparent shades 5 made, for example, of acrylic. The shades 5 are installed with some clearance (not indicated) with respect to each other. The central axis of the light flux of the LEDs 3 is directed to one side to the front surface of the shades 5 and perpendicular to the plane of the housing. The number of LEDs on the boards depends on the power of the LEDs, the required total luminous flux and the spectrum of their radiation. LEDs 3 are divided into groups that differ in the spectrum of radiation. The emission spectrum of LEDs 3 is selected so that its composition corresponds to the needs of plants of one species or another to ensure optimal photosynthesis. For example, for many plant varieties this spectrum consists of red (K) with a range of 660-680 nm, blue (C) with a range of 430-450 nm and blue-violet (F) with a range of 450-480 nm. The ratio of light fluxes is selected in advance and then can be adjusted over wide limits, for example, K / F / C from 1 / 0.3 / 0.3 to 1/1/1. This ratio is regulated in accordance with the type and stage of development of the illuminated research object, shifting, for example, away from the red spectrum at the beginning of growth to blue-violet during ripening. The composition of luminous elements can be introduced LEDs with other spectral compositions, for example, yellow (590-600 nm), green (530-580 nm), etc. LEDs of different emission spectra are distributed uniformly along the front surface of the phytoprojector. In this case, the groups of LEDs of a certain emission spectrum are located mainly in one of the plafonds, and the plafonds alternate.

Some LEDs can have ultraviolet and infrared radiation spectra.

The plafonds are made in the form of a tube 5a (Fig. 3). On the sides of the tube 5A there are installed water-repellent plates 6 made of a heat-conducting material, such as aluminum or special plastic. The plates 6 are attached to the shades with glue. Their surfaces are parallel to the central axes of the light fluxes of the LEDs.

In an embodiment of the technical solution, guides 7 (FIG. 4) are made inside the tube 5a for mounting boards 4.

In an embodiment of the technical solution, the plafonds have a shaped profile (figure 5), consisting of a rectangular part 8 located above the board. The front side of the plafond has a rounded portion 9. The plafonds are also provided with guides 7 and water-repellent plates 6.

In a variant of the technical solution, the plafonds are made of a shaped profile 5c, made in the form of a rectangle (Fig.6) with guides 7 and water-repellent plates 6.

In an embodiment of the technical solution, the printed circuit board 4 with LEDs 3 is installed inside the ceiling on its upper wall 8 (Fig.7).

The plafonds are fixed inside the housing 1 using clamping screws (not shown) located at the edges of the casing in the U-shaped channels 2. The plafonds from the end surfaces are sealed with side plates (not shown). Wires (not shown) are located inside the shades in their upper area above the boards 4 or are part of the boards. All shades have lead wires (not shown) extending from one end of the shades. These wires pass along the edge inside the U-shaped channel channel of the housing 1 and are output to the power supply unit (not shown).

In an embodiment of the technical solution, the boards 4 on which the LEDs 3 are mounted are made of transparent material.

In an embodiment of the technical solution, the frame is provided with a top transparent cover 10 (Fig. 8). In the center of the lid, a fan 11 is installed on top with nozzles 12 and a slot cavity 13. The nozzles 12 direct the air flow from the fan under the cover 10 along the shades 5. A certain part of the air flow blows the central parts of the shades through the slot cavity 13. The shafts 5 are located mainly along the long side of the frame.

In a variant of the technical solution, the fan 11 is mounted on the frame 1 (Fig.9). The air flow of the fan 11 passes inside the ceiling 5 (Fig.9) through the nozzles 14. Moreover, the ceiling is also located mainly along the long side of the frame. The air flow from the fan 11 can go from the center to the ends of the nozzles. To this end, holes (not shown) are made in the central parts of the plafonds, connected to the fan by means of pipes 14. From the end faces, the plafonds are open. It is possible that the fan operates in the suction mode. In this case, the open end edges of the shades are provided with enclosing grids (not shown).

The electrical circuit for connecting the LEDs consists of a power supply unit 15 (Fig. 10) and a microprocessor control system, in which a computer unit for setting the on mode (BZRV) 16 is integrated. The BZRV has several independent channels. In turn, the LEDs are divided into groups that differ in the spectrum of radiation, and each group is connected to a separate channel BZRV.

The groups contain, for example, blue 3 _s , red 3 _k , yellow 3 _g , orange 3 _o , green (not indicated), etc., as well as ultraviolet and infrared emission spectra of 3 _ui . In each group, the LEDs are connected in series-parallel circuit. Each group of LEDs has an individual current regulator and a switch, respectively 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, etc., located on the panel (not indicated) BZRV.

A programmable controller (RA) 22 is connected to the BZRV to transfer the circuit from manual to automatic mode, an ambient light sensor (VIR) 23, a spectrometer 24, a timer 25, and a programmable plant species controller (TAC) 26 with indication. This controller acts on BZRV 16, has a set of designations indicating the type of plant, and provides lighting with this species in mind (tropical, subtropical, semi-desert, photophilous, etc.). There are several applications with protocol stacks for the programmable controller TAC 26. In the appendices there is a more detailed list of plant species (parsley, dill, onions, etc.) with an indication of the algorithm for turning on the LEDs depending on the stage of plant development. The lighting program is detailed in time, for example, germination, the appearance of sprouts, stem growth, the appearance of inflorescences, flowering, etc. and can be performed from any stage of plant development from the moment the lighting procedure begins. In addition, a programmable controller for setting modes 27 (PZR), consisting of a set of touch buttons with indication, was introduced into the control system. This controller is necessary to switch to the automatic mode of maintaining the daily cycle of changing the spectrum of illumination and the amount of illumination in accordance with the selected program, for example, the time the system is turned on and off.

A programmable controller (PC) 28 can be introduced into the circuit, which is a set of touch buttons with an indicator of the type of external light source (LN, LL, MGL, etc.). The controller PC 28 also acts on BZRV 16. The power circuit has a common switch 29.

In an embodiment of the technical solution, a programmable controller (PIV) 30 is introduced into the control circuit, providing a predetermined mode of pulsed switching on of light elements with a regulator 31 that controls the duration of light pulses, with a dimmer 31 'and a dimmer 32 for dark pauses.

LED phytoprojector operates as follows.

In the electrical circuit (figure 10), the block 15 converts the alternating voltage of the network into a constant voltage required to power the LEDs 3, and provides stabilization of the current flowing through the diodes.

Depending on the conditions and the availability of the indicated accessories, the phytoprojector can operate both in manual and automatic mode. To obtain a manual mode of operation, it is necessary to set the controller RA 22 (Fig. 10) in the appropriate position. In this case, the consumer, using switches and regulators 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, etc., forms the amount of illumination, one or another spectral composition of the radiation. The lighting time and the duration of the dark period are provided by turning on the general switch 29.

Phytoprojector can work both individually and in conjunction with other types of lighting devices. The programmable controller PC 28 is used when the spectrometer is not available in the system 24. At the same time, by setting the type of external light source (LL, LV, MGL, etc.) and pressing the corresponding button, you can add the missing spectral to the light flux of the external light source component necessary for optimal lighting of this type of plant.

To form the automatic mode, it is necessary to switch PA 22 accordingly. The controller for setting the PZR 27 modes according to the signals of the sensors of the VDO 23 and the timer 25 and, based on the program incorporated in it, changes the current value in the LEDs until the illumination of the object is at a predetermined level. According to the program, a set of teams will be formed that will act on BZVR 16. The addition of dosed ultraviolet radiation with a spectrum in the range of 320-340 nm and below and infrared with a range of over 800 nm from 3 _ui LEDs will eliminate the deficiency of this type of radiation and will help to suppress harmful microorganisms.

If the consumer grows a certain type of plant, then the phytoprojector will provide an automatic lighting mode taking into account the spectral composition of the light flux with reference to this particular view. Set the programmable controller TAC 26 to the desired position and enter the appropriate program. TWO 23, spectrometer 24 and timer 25 also participate in this process. The phytoprojector automatically adds one or another component of the spectrum, which is necessary for the best growth of a particular type of plant, promotes the accumulation of plant proteins, starches and vitamins in them, allows you to slow down or speed up the time ripening. This may be necessary to obtain ready-to-eat or sell plant products by a specific date.

The selected program will automatically optimize the lighting required at different stages of plant development. At the same time, the integrated power consumption will be significantly reduced.

In many greenhouses, the roof is made of transparent material, which makes it possible to use an external, natural light source for lighting plants. In addition, high-intensity light sources (VIS) are also often used for general lighting. As a rule, arc discharge sodium lamps or MGL are used as a VIS. The possibility of using LL or LN is not ruled out. The body of the proposed phytoprojector is transparent and allows the external light flux to pass through it with a small absorption, which contributes to better illumination of plants and reduce the overall energy consumption of the greenhouse.

Each light source is characterized by a certain spectrum of radiation, which, as the practice of crop production shows, is sometimes poorly perceived by plants. The process of photosynthesis and other photobiological processes that occur in plants are selective to different radiation wavelengths. The use of a spectrometer 24, scanning the spectral composition of the optical radiation range, will automate the process of correcting the illumination spectrum of a phytoprojector, taking into account the source of external illumination. The system makes it possible to adjust the total spectrum of lighting, supplementing the total spectrum taking into account the PAR of plants and reducing energy consumption.

The proposed device allows pulsed illumination from light sources, which is ensured by switching on the IRP 30. Using it, you can control the duration of light pulses in a wide range and adjust the duration of dark pauses, i.e. change the off time of the LEDs. At the same time, plants receive portions of the light flux with a certain selected spectral composition and amplitude, which excite photoactive molecules in the plants that form the photosynthesis process. There is an anabolic process that causes the growth of plants with the release of oxygen. During dark pauses, biological relaxation of the plant takes place with the release of carbon dioxide. To some extent, this process can be compared with the respiration of living organisms. In practice, the inclusion mode is determined empirically and is fixed in the program PIV 25 and BZRV 11. The optimal mode of illumination of LEDs will accelerate the process of plant growth. Growing plants in light-pulse lighting can be done around the clock, and energy consumption is reduced by hundreds of times.

Various options for the location of LEDs 3 (Figs. 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7), the configuration of heat sinks are determined by the power of light devices, the degree of heat generation, the presence of an elemental base, ambient temperature, etc. These options expand the capabilities of both the consumer and the designer and cover all possible areas of application of the proposed device.

Currently, the lighting industry produces LEDs, the spectral composition of which covers almost the entire visible radiation spectrum (red, orange, yellow, green, blue, blue, violet), which allows you to create any set of light gamma from the full solar spectrum to monochrome. In addition, from the existing light sources today, it is LEDs that allow you to get a pulsed on mode with almost any frequency. The use of light-emitting diodes as light sources contributes to a reduction in energy consumption, a multiple increase in the service life of the system as a whole. They have a low heating of the case with a temperature not exceeding 45 ° C, high mechanical strength. The service life of modern LEDs reaches 100 thousand hours (11 years) of continuous glow. In addition, LEDs are small in size and weight and have a greater light output per unit of luminous surface than, for example, LN. Plants under illumination from a phytoprojector will not suffer from overheating. The minimum on-time of the LEDs is measured in microseconds.

The location of the LEDs in the ceiling will ensure their protection from moisture. The presence of water-repellent plates made of heat-conducting material prevents moisture from entering the front surface of the ceiling and contributes to additional heat dissipation.

The luminous flux of LEDs has a one-way distribution in a certain solid angle. Therefore, the phytoprojector does not need a reflector. The searchlight can be placed at any height at an angle to the illuminated surface, and the required maximum illumination is obtained due to the preliminary selection of LEDs with the appropriate angle of distribution of the light flux.

The presence of a fan 11 mounted on the top cover 10 of the frame 1, directing the air flow under the cover along the ceiling (Fig. 8), allows you to install more powerful LEDs that require increased heat dissipation.

The use of forced blowing of the internal cavities of the shades 5 (Fig. 9) limits the power of the LEDs used only to the overall dimensions of the phytoprojector.

The design of the claimed phytoprojector is extremely simple, made of light, relatively cheap materials. It is easy to install and is designed for repeated long-term use.

Thus, the proposed phytoprojector is a unique and versatile tool capable of forming the optimal PAR. For the consumer, this is a comprehensive lighting device for plants with wide possibilities for growing various plant agricultural products around the clock and at any time of the year.

It should be noted that many issues of plant photosynthesis have not yet been fully studied. This phytoprojector allows experiments with lighting. The statistics accumulated with its help can be used as a basis for adjusting the program embedded in the programmable regulators of the TAC 26 and PIV 30. Thus, it is possible to easily change both the ratio of the light fluxes of the radiation spectrum, the duration of exposure of one or another component of the spectrum, and the amount of illumination .

High functional properties and a variety of design solutions opens up wide opportunities for the consumer to use the proposed LED emitter and for breeding all kinds of animals. So, on its basis it is possible, for example, to grow young birds, raise rabbits, and also remove insects or colonies of bacteria necessary for various kinds of scientific research.

Application example

Seedlings of cucumbers planted in the winter period, during the first ten days, illuminate mainly with red light with a range of 600-660 nm. At this time, there is an intensive growth of green mass of seedlings. In the next 7 days, lighting is performed under a mixed red and blue (430-480 nm) light in the ratio K / C = 3/1. During this period, further intensive growth of seedlings occurs. In the next three days, yellow light is added to the indicated ranges. During this period, flowering and fruit setting take place. At the last stage, before the first harvest is taken, the plants are illuminated mainly with a blue-green-red spectrum in a ratio of 1 / 0.5 / 0.5, which provides a rich crop of cucumbers that have a good presentation and have high taste and nutritional properties. The indicated order of inclusion of the corresponding LEDs is laid down in the program and is provided automatically. Exposure time is 14 hours. During the growth process, plants are periodically pulsed irradiated with a duration of light pulses in the range of 0.001 s with a duration of a dark pause of 15 s. An additional condition for ensuring growth and a good harvest is to maintain the ambient temperature in the range of 25-30 ° C, timely watering and proper top dressing.

Claims

1. An LED phytoprojector containing a housing with light elements consisting of groups of LEDs with different emission spectra, an electric power supply unit, a microprocessor control system with a switch for LED groups, an ambient light sensor, a spectrometer acting on the LED groups through the control unit and allowing to correct the spectral the composition of the light source depending on external lighting, and taking into account the type of plants, characterized in that the casing is made in the form of a rectangular frame, made made of a U-shaped channel, the LEDs are located on the boards, the boards are installed in a row in transparent sealed shades, the shades are installed inside the case with a gap relative to each other in several parallel rows so that the central axes of the light fluxes of the LEDs are directed to one side to the front surface body and perpendicular to its plane.

2. The LED phytoprojector according to claim 3, characterized in that the plafonds on both sides are provided with water-repellent plates made of heat-conducting material, preventing moisture from entering the front surface of the plafonds.

3. The LED phytoprojector according to claim 3, characterized in that the LEDs have a radiation spectrum that is predominantly in the red range, in the region of 580-680 nm, and blue-violet, in the region of 430-480 nm.

4. LED phytoprojector according to any one of claims 1 and 3, characterized in that a programmable controller with operational protocol stacks is introduced into the control unit, forming a certain LED control mode in accordance with the PAR and with a set of designations indicating the type of plant and its ontogenesis stage.

5. LED phytoprojector according to any one of claims 1 and 3, characterized in that a programmable controller is introduced into the control circuit, providing a predetermined mode of pulsed switching on of light sources, with an exposure time regulator and a dark pause duration regulator.

6. LED phytoprojector according to claim 1, characterized in that the plafonds are made in the form of tubes.

7. The LED phytoprojector according to claim 1, characterized in that the plafonds are made in the form of a shaped profile.

8. The LED phytoprojector according to claim 7, characterized in that the shaped profile of the shades is made in the form of a rectangle.

9. The LED phytoprojector according to claim 7, characterized in that the shaped profile of the shades contains a rectangular part located above the board, and the front side of the shade has a rounded part.

10. LED phytoprojector according to any one of paragraphs.2 and 7, characterized in that the shades are made of a shaped profile with guides located inside for mounting boards.

11. LED phytoprojector according to any one of paragraphs.2 and 7, characterized in that the printed circuit boards are installed on the upper walls of the ceiling.

12. LED phytoprojector according to any one of claims 1 and 10, characterized in that the boards on which the LEDs are located are made of transparent material.

13. The LED phytoprojector according to claim 1, characterized in that the rectangular frame is provided with a top cover with a fan directing air flow along the cover along the ceiling.

14. LED phytoprojector according to any one of paragraphs.1 and 13, characterized in that the frame is equipped with a fan directing the air flow into the ceiling.